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16:18

שֹׁפְטִים וְשֹֽׁטְרִים תִּֽתֶּן־לְךָ בְּכׇל־שְׁעָרֶיךָ אֲשֶׁר יְהֹוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ נֹתֵן לְךָ לִשְׁבָטֶיךָ וְשָׁפְטוּ אֶת־הָעָם מִשְׁפַּט־צֶֽדֶק׃

Judges and police officers you shall appoint for yourself in all of your cities that Adonoy, your God, is giving you for your tribes; who will judge the people righteous justice.

Judges and police officers you shall appoint for yourself in all of your cities that Adonoy, your God, is giving you for your tribes; who will judge the people righteous justice.

Rashi

שפטים ושטרים. שׁוֹפְטִים – דַּיָּנִים הַפּוֹסְקִים אֶת הַדִּין, וְשׁוֹטְרִים – הָרוֹדִין אֶת הָעָם אַחַר מִצְוָתָם (שֶׁמַּכִּין וְכוֹפְתִין) בְּמַקֵּל וּבִרְצוּעָה עַד שֶׁיְּקַבֵּל עָלָיו אֶת דִּין הַשּׁוֹפֵט:

Judges and police officers. Judges: Magistrates who render legal decisions. Police officers — who compel the people to abide by their instructions by administering corporal punishment with cudgels and whips, until they accept the judge’s decision.

בכל שעריך. בְּכָל עִיר וָעִיר:

In all of your cities. In each and every city.

לשבטיך. מוּסָב עַל תתן לך – שׁוֹפְטִים וְשׁוֹטְרִים תִּתֶּן לְךָ לִשְׁבָטֶיךָ בְּכָל שְׁעָרֶיךָ אֲשֶׁר ה' אֱלֹהֶיךָ נֹתֵן לְךָ:

For your tribes. This continues from ‘You shall appoint for yourself’ — “Judges and police officers you shall appoint for yourself for your tribes, in all of your cities which Adonoy, your God, is giving you.”

לשבטיך. מְלַמֵּד שֶׁמּוֹשִׁיבִין דַּיָּנִין לְכָל שֵׁבֶט וָשֵׁבֶט וּבְכָל עִיר וָעִיר (ספרי; סנהדרין ט"ז):

For your tribes. This teaches that judges are to be seated for each and every tribe and in each and every city.

ושפטו את העם וגו'. מַנֵּה דַּיָּנִין מֻמְחִים וְצַדִּיקִים לִשְׁפֹּט צֶדֶק (עי' ספרי):

Who will judge the people, etc. Appoint competent, righteous judges, to judge righteously.

16:19

לֹא־תַטֶּה מִשְׁפָּט לֹא תַכִּיר פָּנִים וְלֹא־תִקַּח שֹׁחַד כִּי הַשֹּׁחַד יְעַוֵּר עֵינֵי חֲכָמִים וִֽיסַלֵּף דִּבְרֵי צַדִּיקִֽם׃

Do not pervert justice; do not display favoritism; and do not accept bribery, for bribery blinds the eyes of the wise and distorts words that are just.

Do not pervert justice; do not display favoritism; and do not accept bribery, for bribery blinds the eyes of the wise and distorts words that are just.

Rashi

לא תטה משפט. כְּמַשְׁמָעוֹ:

Do not pervert justice. This follows the obvious interpretation.

לא תכיר פנים. אַף בִּשְׁעַת הַטְּעָנוֹת; אַזְהָרָה לַדַּיָּן שֶׁלֹּא יְהֵא רַךְ לָזֶה וְקָשֶׁה לָזֶה, אֶחָד עוֹמֵד וְאֶחָד יוֹשֵׁב, לְפִי שֶׁכְּשֶׁרוֹאֶה זֶה שֶׁהַדַּיָּן מְכַבֵּד אֶת חֲבֵרוֹ מִסְתַּתְּמִין טַעֲנוֹתָיו:

Do not display favoritism. Not even during the arguments. This prohibits the judge from being gentle with one but harsh with the other, or from requiring one to stand while the other is seated; because when one notices the judge deferring to his fellow, his arguments are repressed.

ולא תקח שחד. אֲפִלּוּ לִשְׁפֹּט צֶדֶק (ספרי):

Do not accept bribery. Even to adjudicate fairly.

כי השחד יעור. מִשֶּׁקִּבֵּל שֹׁחַד מִמֶּנּוּ אִי אֶפְשָׁר שֶׁלֹּא יַטֶּה אֶת לִבּוֹ אֶצְלוֹ לַהֲפֹךְ בִּזְכוּתוֹ:

For bribery blinds. Once he has accepted his bribe, it is impossible for him not to be partial, and subvert the verdict in his favor.

דברי צדיקים. דְּבָרִים הַמְצֻדָּקִים – מִשְׁפְּטֵי אֱמֶת:

Words that are just. Words that are justified, true justice.

16:20

צֶדֶק צֶדֶק תִּרְדֹּף לְמַעַן תִּֽחְיֶה וְיָרַשְׁתָּ אֶת־הָאָרֶץ אֲשֶׁר־יְהֹוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ נֹתֵן לָֽךְ׃ {ס}        

Pursue absolute justice so that you may live and inherit the land that Adonoy, your God, is giving you.

Pursue absolute justice so that you may live and inherit the land that Adonoy, your God, is giving you.

Rashi

צדק צדק תרדף. הַלֹּךְ אַחַר בֵּית דִּין יָפֶה (ספרי; סנהדרין ל"ב):

Pursue absolute justice. Follow after the pre-eminent tribunal.

למען תחיה וירשת. כְּדַאי הוּא מִנּוּי הַדַּיָּנִין הַכְּשֵׁרִים לְהַחֲיוֹת אֶת יִשְׂרָאֵל וּלְהוֹשִׁיבָן עַל אַדְמָתָן (ספרי):

So that you may live and inherit. There is adequate merit in the appointment of ethical judges to bring life to the Israelites, and settle them on their land.

Texts

  • Hebrew: Miqra according to the Masorah · License: CC-BY-SA
  • English: Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009 · License: CC-BY
  • Hebrew: Pentateuch with Rashi's commentary by M. Rosenbaum and A.M. Silbermann, 1929-1934 · License: PD
  • English: Rashi Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009 · License: CC-BY

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