Tanach
Devarim 18:3-5 דברים י״ח:ג׳-ה׳
Part of: ShoftimShoftim, Aliyah 3Chapter 18
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וְזֶה יִהְיֶה מִשְׁפַּט הַכֹּהֲנִים מֵאֵת הָעָם מֵאֵת זֹבְחֵי הַזֶּבַח אִם־שׁוֹר אִם־שֶׂה וְנָתַן לַכֹּהֵן הַזְּרֹעַ וְהַלְּחָיַיִם וְהַקֵּבָֽה׃
And this will be the stipend of the kohanim from the people from the slaughterers of [permitted] meat, whether an ox or a sheep; he will give the kohein the foreleg and the jaw and the [fourth] stomach.
And this will be the stipend of the kohanim from the people from the slaughterers of [permitted] meat, whether an ox or a sheep; he will give the kohein the foreleg and the jaw and the [fourth] stomach.
Rashi
אם שור אם שה. פְּרָט לְחַיָּה:
Whether an ox or a sheep. This excludes wild animals.
הזרע. מִן הַפֶּרֶק שֶׁל אַרְכֻּבָּה עַד כַּף שֶׁל יַד שֶׁקּוֹרִין אשפלד"ון (חולין קל"ד):
The foreleg. From the carpus to the shoulder blade, espaldon in Old French.
הלחיים. עִם הַלָּשׁוֹן. דּוֹרְשֵׁי רְשׁוּמוֹת הָיוּ אוֹמְרִים זְרוֹעַ תַּחַת יַד, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (במדבר כ"ה) "וַיִּקַּח רֹמַח בְּיָדוֹ", לְחָיַיִם תַּחַת תְּפִלָּה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (תהילים ק"י) "וַיַּעֲמֹד פִּינְחָס וַיְפַלֵּל", וְהַקֵּבָה תַּחַת "הָאִשָּׁה אֶל קֳבָתָהּ" (במדבר כ"ה):
The jaw. Including the tongue. Those expounding Scriptural selections remarked that the foreleg represents the hand, as it is said, ‘He grasped a spear in his hand’; the jaw represents prayer, as it is said, ‘Pinchas stood and prayed;’ and the [fourth] stomach represents ‘[He pierced] . . . the woman in her genital area.’
רֵאשִׁית דְּגָֽנְךָ תִּירֹשְׁךָ וְיִצְהָרֶךָ וְרֵאשִׁית גֵּז צֹאנְךָ תִּתֶּן־לֽוֹ׃
The first portion of your grain, your wine, and your olive oil, and the first of the shearing of your sheep are you to give him.
The first portion of your grain, your wine, and your olive oil, and the first of the shearing of your sheep are you to give him.
Rashi
ראשית דגנך. זוֹ תְּרוּמָה, וְלֹא פֵּרֵשׁ בָּהּ שִׁעוּר, אֲבָל רַבּוֹתֵינוּ נָתְנוּ בָהּ שִׁעוּר – עַיִן יָפָה אֶחָד מֵאַרְבָּעִים, עַיִן רָעָה אֶחָד מִשִּׁשִּׁים, בֵּינוֹנִית אֶחָד מֵחֲמִשִּׁים, וְסָמְכוּ עַל הַמִּקְרָא שֶׁלֹּא לִפְחֹת מֵאֶחָד מִשִּׁשִּׁים שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (יחזקאל מ"ה) שִׁשִּׁית הָאֵיפָה מֵחֹמֶר הַחִטִּים, שִׁשִּׁית הָאֵיפָה חֲצִי סְאָה, כְּשֶׁאַתָּה נוֹתֵן חֲצִי סְאָה לְכֹר הֲרֵי אֶחָד מִשִּׁשִּׁים, שֶׁהַכֹּר שְׁלוֹשִׁים סְאִין (תלמוד ירושלמי תרומות פ"ד):
The first portion of your grain. This refers to the terumah-gift. No amount is specified. The Rabbis, however, established specific amounts. The generous gift: one fortieth of the total crop. The minimal gift: one sixtieth. The standard gift: one fiftieth. They found Scriptural support for the minimal amount of one sixtieth, as it is said, “Give one sixth of an eiphah from a chomer of barley.” Now one sixth of an eiphah is half a se’ah. If one gives half a se’ah from a kur, the resulting amount is one sixtieth, since the kur is comprised of thirty se’ahs.
וראשית גז צאנך. כְּשֶׁאַתָּה גּוֹזֵז צֹאנְךָ בְּכָל שָׁנָה תֵּן מִמֶּנָּה רֵאשִׁית לַכֹּהֵן, וְלֹא פֵּרֵשׁ בָּהּ שִׁעוּר, וְרַבּוֹתֵינוּ נָתְנוּ בָהּ שִׁעוּר אֶחָד מִשִּׁשִּׁים, וְכַמָּה צֹאן חַיָּבוֹת בְּרֵאשִׁית הַגֵּז? חָמֵשׁ רְחֵלוֹת, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (שמואל א כ"ה) וְחָמֵשׁ צֹאן עֲשׂוּיוֹת. רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר רֵאשִׁית גֵּז – שְׁתַּיִם, צֹאנְךָ – אַרְבָּעָה, תִּתֶּן לוֹ – הֲרֵי חֲמִשָּׁה (עי' ספרי וחולין קל"ה):
And the first of the shearing of your sheep. When you shear your sheep every year, give the first of it to the kohein. No amount is specified, but the Rabbis established a specific amount: one sixtieth. How many sheep cause the first shearing obligation? Five ewes, as it is said, “Five sheep which cause [the first shearing obligation].” R’ Akiva said, “The first shearing” — two. “of your sheep” — four. “you shall give him” — five.
כִּי בוֹ בָּחַר יְהֹוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ מִכׇּל־שְׁבָטֶיךָ לַעֲמֹד לְשָׁרֵת בְּשֵׁם־יְהֹוָה הוּא וּבָנָיו כׇּל־הַיָּמִֽים׃ {ס}
For him did Adonoy, your God, choose from all your tribes to stand and perform the service in the name of Adonoy, he and his sons for all time.
For him did Adonoy, your God, choose from all your tribes to stand and perform the service in the name of Adonoy, he and his sons for all time.
Rashi
לעמד לשרת. מִכָּאן שֶׁאֵין שֵׁרוּת אֶלָּא מֵעוֹמֵד (ספרי; סוטה ל"ח):
To stand and perform the service. This teaches that the service may be performed only while standing.
מאת העם. וְלֹא מֵאֵת הַכֹּהֲנִים (ספרי; חולין קל"ב):
From the people. But not from the kohanim.