Reading: Hebrew · Simple EnglishHebrew · Faithful translationHebrew onlyHebrew · Simple EnglishHebrew · Faithful translationHebrew onlySimple English onlyFaithful translation onlySide by sideRashi

Devarim 18

18:1

לֹֽא־יִהְיֶה לַכֹּהֲנִים הַלְוִיִּם כׇּל־שֵׁבֶט לֵוִי חֵלֶק וְנַחֲלָה עִם־יִשְׂרָאֵל אִשֵּׁי יְהֹוָה וְנַחֲלָתוֹ יֹאכֵלֽוּן׃

They will not have—the kohanim, the Levites, the entire tribe of Levi—a portion or an inheritance with Yisroel; Adonoy’s fire-offerings and His inheritance will they eat.

They will not have—the kohanim, the Levites, the entire tribe of Levi—a portion or an inheritance with Yisroel; Adonoy’s fire-offerings and His inheritance will they eat.

Rashi

כל שבט לוי. בֵּין תְּמִימִין בֵּין בַּעֲלֵי מוּמִין (ספרי):

The entire tribe of Levi. Whether physically sound or blemished.

חלק. בַּבִּזָּה:

A portion. In the spoils.

ונחלה. בָּאָרֶץ (שם):

Or an inheritance. In the land.

אשי ה'. קָדְשֵׁי הַמִּקְדָּשׁ:

Adonoy’s fire offerings. The sacred offerings at the Sanctuary.

ונחלתו. אֵלּוּ קָדְשֵׁי הַגְּבוּל – תְּרוּמוֹת וּמַעַשְׂרוֹת, אֲבָל נַחֲלָה גְּמוּרָה לא יהיה לו בקרב אחיו; וּבְסִפְרֵי דָּרְשׁוּ – ונחלה לא יהיה לו — זוֹ נַחֲלַת שְׁאָר, בקרב אחיו — זוֹ נַחֲלַת חֲמִשָּׁה. וְאֵינִי יוֹדֵעַ מַה הִיא, וְנִרְאֶה לִי שֶׁאֶרֶץ כְּנַעַן שֶׁמֵּעֵבֶר הַיַּרְדֵּן וָאֵילָךְ נִקְרֵאת אֶרֶץ חֲמִשָּׁה עֲמָמִין, וְשֶל סִיחוֹן וְעוֹג שְׁנֵי עֲמָמִין, אֱמוֹרִי וּכְנַעֲנִי, וְנַחֲלַת שְׁאָר לְרַבּוֹת קֵינִי וּקְנִזִּי וְקַדְמוֹנִי, וְכֵן דּוֹרֵשׁ בְּפָרָשַׁת מַתָּנוֹת שֶׁנֶּאֶמְרוּ לְאַהֲרֹן (במדבר י"ח) "עַל כֵּן לֹא הָיָה לְלֵוִי וְגוֹ'" לְהַזְהִיר עַל קֵינִי וּקְנִזִּי וְקַדְמוֹנִי. שׁוּב נִמְצָא בְדִבְרֵי רַבִּי קְלוֹנִימוּס הָכֵי גָּרְסִינָן בְּסִפְרֵי: ונחלה לא יהיה לו. אֵלּוּ נַחֲלַת חֲמִשָּׁה, בקרב אחיו אֵלּוּ נַחֲלַת שִׁבְעָה, נַחֲלַת חֲמִשָּׁה שְׁבָטִים וְנַחֲלַת שִׁבְעָה שְׁבָטִים; וּמִתּוֹךְ שֶׁמֹּשֶׁה וִיהוֹשֻׁעַ לֹא חִלְּקוּ נַחֲלָה אֶלָּא לַחֲמִשָּׁה שְׁבָטִים בִּלְבָד, שֶׁכֵּן מֹשֶׁה הִנְחִיל לִרְאוּבֵן וְגָד וַחֲצִי שֵׁבֶט מְנַשֶּׁה, וִיהוֹשֻׁעַ הִנְחִיל לִיהוּדָה וְאֶפְרַיִם וְלַחֲצִי שֵׁבֶט מְנַשֶּׁה, וְשִׁבְעָה הָאֲחֵרִים נָטְלוּ מֵאֵלֵיהֶן אַחֲרֵי מוֹת יְהוֹשֻׁעַ, מִתּוֹךְ כָּךְ הִזְכִּיר חֲמִשָּׁה לְבַד וְשִׁבְעָה לְבַד:

And His inheritance. This refers to the extra-Sanctuary sacred items — the terumah-gifts and the tithes. However, they did not receive a complete inheritance among their brethren. Sifrei expounds: But he will have no territory — this refers to the inheritance of the remaining ones. ‘Among his brothers’ — this refers to the inheritance of five. I do not know what this means. But it seems to me that the Canaanite territory across the Yardein and onward is entitled ‘The land of five nations;’ that of Sichon and Og, ‘Two nations,’ the Emorites and Canaanites; and ‘the inheritance of the remaining ones’ adds that of the Keinites, Kenizites, and Kadmonites. A similar exposition is made in the portion of the Torah concerning gifts disclosed to Aharon, “Therefore, Levi did not have, etc.” — this prohibits [the territory of] the Keini, Kenizi, and Kadmoni. Afterward, I found in R’ Klonimus’ commentary, that the text of Sifrei is as follows: “‘But he will have no territory’ — this refers to the inheritance of five. Among his brothers. This refers to the inheritance of seven.” The inheritance of five tribes, and the inheritance of seven tribes. Because Moshe and Yehoshua did not appropriate and inheritance except that of the five tribes alone — for Moshe appropriated the portions of Reuvein, Gad and half the tribe of Menashe. Yehoshua appropriated the portions of Yehudah, Efrayim, and half the tribe of Menashe, and the seven others took possession by themselves, after Yehoshua’s demise — because of this, he mentions five separately, and seven separately.

18:2

וְנַחֲלָה לֹא־יִֽהְיֶה־לּוֹ בְּקֶרֶב אֶחָיו יְהֹוָה הוּא נַחֲלָתוֹ כַּאֲשֶׁר דִּבֶּר־לֽוֹ׃ {ס}        

But he will have no territory among his brothers; Adonoy is his territory, as He said to him.

But he will have no territory among his brothers; Adonoy is his territory, as He said to him.

Rashi

כאשר דבר לו. "בְּאַרְצָם לֹא תִנְחָל, אֲנִי חֶלְקְךָ" (במדבר י"ח):

As He said to him. “You shall not inherit their land, etc., I am your portion.”

18:3

וְזֶה יִהְיֶה מִשְׁפַּט הַכֹּהֲנִים מֵאֵת הָעָם מֵאֵת זֹבְחֵי הַזֶּבַח אִם־שׁוֹר אִם־שֶׂה וְנָתַן לַכֹּהֵן הַזְּרֹעַ וְהַלְּחָיַיִם וְהַקֵּבָֽה׃

And this will be the stipend of the kohanim from the people from the slaughterers of [permitted] meat, whether an ox or a sheep; he will give the kohein the foreleg and the jaw and the [fourth] stomach.

And this will be the stipend of the kohanim from the people from the slaughterers of [permitted] meat, whether an ox or a sheep; he will give the kohein the foreleg and the jaw and the [fourth] stomach.

Rashi

מאת העם. וְלֹא מֵאֵת הַכֹּהֲנִים (ספרי; חולין קל"ב):

From the people. But not from the kohanim.

אם שור אם שה. פְּרָט לְחַיָּה:

Whether an ox or a sheep. This excludes wild animals.

הזרע. מִן הַפֶּרֶק שֶׁל אַרְכֻּבָּה עַד כַּף שֶׁל יַד שֶׁקּוֹרִין אשפלד"ון (חולין קל"ד):

The foreleg. From the carpus to the shoulder blade, espaldon in Old French.

הלחיים. עִם הַלָּשׁוֹן. דּוֹרְשֵׁי רְשׁוּמוֹת הָיוּ אוֹמְרִים זְרוֹעַ תַּחַת יַד, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (במדבר כ"ה) "וַיִּקַּח רֹמַח בְּיָדוֹ", לְחָיַיִם תַּחַת תְּפִלָּה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (תהילים ק"י) "וַיַּעֲמֹד פִּינְחָס וַיְפַלֵּל", וְהַקֵּבָה תַּחַת "הָאִשָּׁה אֶל קֳבָתָהּ" (במדבר כ"ה):

The jaw. Including the tongue. Those expounding Scriptural selections remarked that the foreleg represents the hand, as it is said, ‘He grasped a spear in his hand’; the jaw represents prayer, as it is said, ‘Pinchas stood and prayed;’ and the [fourth] stomach represents ‘[He pierced] . . . the woman in her genital area.’

18:4

רֵאשִׁית דְּגָֽנְךָ תִּירֹשְׁךָ וְיִצְהָרֶךָ וְרֵאשִׁית גֵּז צֹאנְךָ תִּתֶּן־לֽוֹ׃

The first portion of your grain, your wine, and your olive oil, and the first of the shearing of your sheep are you to give him.

The first portion of your grain, your wine, and your olive oil, and the first of the shearing of your sheep are you to give him.

Rashi

ראשית דגנך. זוֹ תְּרוּמָה, וְלֹא פֵּרֵשׁ בָּהּ שִׁעוּר, אֲבָל רַבּוֹתֵינוּ נָתְנוּ בָהּ שִׁעוּר – עַיִן יָפָה אֶחָד מֵאַרְבָּעִים, עַיִן רָעָה אֶחָד מִשִּׁשִּׁים, בֵּינוֹנִית אֶחָד מֵחֲמִשִּׁים, וְסָמְכוּ עַל הַמִּקְרָא שֶׁלֹּא לִפְחֹת מֵאֶחָד מִשִּׁשִּׁים שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (יחזקאל מ"ה) שִׁשִּׁית הָאֵיפָה מֵחֹמֶר הַחִטִּים, שִׁשִּׁית הָאֵיפָה חֲצִי סְאָה, כְּשֶׁאַתָּה נוֹתֵן חֲצִי סְאָה לְכֹר הֲרֵי אֶחָד מִשִּׁשִּׁים, שֶׁהַכֹּר שְׁלוֹשִׁים סְאִין (תלמוד ירושלמי תרומות פ"ד):

The first portion of your grain. This refers to the terumah-gift. No amount is specified. The Rabbis, however, established specific amounts. The generous gift: one fortieth of the total crop. The minimal gift: one sixtieth. The standard gift: one fiftieth. They found Scriptural support for the minimal amount of one sixtieth, as it is said, “Give one sixth of an eiphah from a chomer of barley.” Now one sixth of an eiphah is half a se’ah. If one gives half a se’ah from a kur, the resulting amount is one sixtieth, since the kur is comprised of thirty se’ahs.

וראשית גז צאנך. כְּשֶׁאַתָּה גּוֹזֵז צֹאנְךָ בְּכָל שָׁנָה תֵּן מִמֶּנָּה רֵאשִׁית לַכֹּהֵן, וְלֹא פֵּרֵשׁ בָּהּ שִׁעוּר, וְרַבּוֹתֵינוּ נָתְנוּ בָהּ שִׁעוּר אֶחָד מִשִּׁשִּׁים, וְכַמָּה צֹאן חַיָּבוֹת בְּרֵאשִׁית הַגֵּז? חָמֵשׁ רְחֵלוֹת, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (שמואל א כ"ה) וְחָמֵשׁ צֹאן עֲשׂוּיוֹת. רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר רֵאשִׁית גֵּז – שְׁתַּיִם, צֹאנְךָ – אַרְבָּעָה, תִּתֶּן לוֹ – הֲרֵי חֲמִשָּׁה (עי' ספרי וחולין קל"ה):

And the first of the shearing of your sheep. When you shear your sheep every year, give the first of it to the kohein. No amount is specified, but the Rabbis established a specific amount: one sixtieth. How many sheep cause the first shearing obligation? Five ewes, as it is said, “Five sheep which cause [the first shearing obligation].” R’ Akiva said, “The first shearing” — two. “of your sheep” — four. “you shall give him” — five.

18:5

כִּי בוֹ בָּחַר יְהֹוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ מִכׇּל־שְׁבָטֶיךָ לַעֲמֹד לְשָׁרֵת בְּשֵׁם־יְהֹוָה הוּא וּבָנָיו כׇּל־הַיָּמִֽים׃ {ס}        

For him did Adonoy, your God, choose from all your tribes to stand and perform the service in the name of Adonoy, he and his sons for all time.

For him did Adonoy, your God, choose from all your tribes to stand and perform the service in the name of Adonoy, he and his sons for all time.

Rashi

לעמד לשרת. מִכָּאן שֶׁאֵין שֵׁרוּת אֶלָּא מֵעוֹמֵד (ספרי; סוטה ל"ח):

To stand and perform the service. This teaches that the service may be performed only while standing.

Texts

  • Hebrew: Miqra according to the Masorah · License: CC-BY-SA
  • English: Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009 · License: CC-BY
  • Hebrew: Pentateuch with Rashi's commentary by M. Rosenbaum and A.M. Silbermann, 1929-1934 · License: PD
  • English: Rashi Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009 · License: CC-BY

Where next