Tanach
Devarim 23:10-15 דברים כ״ג:י׳-ט״ו
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כִּֽי־תֵצֵא מַחֲנֶה עַל־אֹיְבֶיךָ וְנִשְׁמַרְתָּ מִכֹּל דָּבָר רָֽע׃
When you go out to encamp against your enemies take precautions from every evil thing.
When you go out to encamp against your enemies take precautions from every evil thing.
Rashi
כִּֽי־יִהְיֶה בְךָ אִישׁ אֲשֶׁר לֹא־יִהְיֶה טָהוֹר מִקְּרֵה־לָיְלָה וְיָצָא אֶל־מִחוּץ לַֽמַּחֲנֶה לֹא יָבֹא אֶל־תּוֹךְ הַֽמַּחֲנֶֽה׃
If there is a man among you who is not undefiled [because of] a nocturnal incident; he must go out of the camp, he may not enter into the midst of the camp.
If there is a man among you who is not undefiled [because of] a nocturnal incident; he must go out of the camp, he may not enter into the midst of the camp.
Rashi
מקרה לילה. דִּבֵּר הַכָּתוּב בַּהוֹוֶה (ספרי):
A nocturnal incident. Scriptural law is expressed in common circumstances.
ויצא אל מחוץ למחנה. זוֹ מִצְוַת עֲשֵׂה:
He must go out of the camp. This is a positive commandment.
לא יבא אל תוך המחנה. זוֹ מִצְוַת לֹא תַעֲשֶׂה (שם), וְאָסוּר לִכָּנֵס לְמַחֲנֵה לְוִיָּה, וְכָל שֶׁכֵּן לְמַחֲנֵה שְׁכִינָה (עי' פסחים ס"ח):
He may not enter into the midst of the camp. This is a negative commandment. He is not permitted to enter the camp of the Levites, certainly not the camp of the Shechinah.
וְהָיָה לִפְנֽוֹת־עֶרֶב יִרְחַץ בַּמָּיִם וּכְבֹא הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ יָבֹא אֶל־תּוֹךְ הַֽמַּחֲנֶֽה׃
As sunset nears he is to immerse in water; and after the sun has set he may enter the the midst of the camp.
As sunset nears he is to immerse in water; and after the sun has set he may enter the the midst of the camp.
Rashi
והיה לפנות ערב. סָמוּךְ לְהֶעֱרֵב שִׁמְשׁוֹ יִטְבֹּל, שֶׁאֵינוֹ טָהוֹר בְּלֹא הֶעֱרֵב הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ (עי' ספרי):
As sunset nears. Close to the setting of the sun, he should immerse himself, as he does not become pure without the setting of the sun.
וְיָד תִּהְיֶה לְךָ מִחוּץ לַֽמַּחֲנֶה וְיָצָאתָ שָּׁמָּה חֽוּץ׃
Have a designated place outside the camp, and you will go out there to excrete.
Have a designated place outside the camp, and you will go out there to excrete.
Rashi
ויד תהיה לך. כְּתַרְגּוּמוֹ, כְּמוֹ אִישׁ עַל יָדוֹ (במדבר ב'):
Have a designated place. As Targum [Onkelos] renders, similar to “everyone at his place.”
מחוץ למחנה. חוּץ לֶעָנָן:
Outside the camp. Outside the cloud.
וְיָתֵד תִּהְיֶה לְךָ עַל־אֲזֵנֶךָ וְהָיָה בְּשִׁבְתְּךָ חוּץ וְחָפַרְתָּה בָהּ וְשַׁבְתָּ וְכִסִּיתָ אֶת־צֵאָתֶֽךָ׃
And a peg are you to have in addition to your weapons; when you need to sit to excrete dig with it, then use it again to cover your excrement.
And a peg are you to have in addition to your weapons; when you need to sit to excrete dig with it, then use it again to cover your excrement.
Rashi
על אזנך. לְבַד מִשְּׁאָר כְּלֵי תַּשְׁמִישְׁךָ:
In addition to your weapons. Aside from your other utensils.
אזנך. כְּמוֹ כְּלִי זַיִן:
Your weapons. Similar to “your instruments of force.”
כִּי יְהֹוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ מִתְהַלֵּךְ ׀ בְּקֶרֶב מַחֲנֶךָ לְהַצִּֽילְךָ וְלָתֵת אֹיְבֶיךָ לְפָנֶיךָ וְהָיָה מַחֲנֶיךָ קָדוֹשׁ וְלֹֽא־יִרְאֶה בְךָ עֶרְוַת דָּבָר וְשָׁב מֵאַחֲרֶֽיךָ׃ {ס}
For Adonoy, your God, is moving within your camp to save you and to defeat your enemies before you, so your camp must be holy; let Him not see within you disgraceful objects lest He turn away from you.
For Adonoy, your God, is moving within your camp to save you and to defeat your enemies before you, so your camp must be holy; let Him not see within you disgraceful objects lest He turn away from you.
Rashi
ולא יראה בך. הַקָּבָּ"ה ערות דבר:
Let Him not see within you. [Let] the Holy One, Blessed is He [not see] disgraceful objects.
כי תצא וגו' … ונשמרת. שֶׁהַשָּׂטָן מְקַטְרֵג בִּשְׁעַת הַסַּכָּנָה (תלמוד ירושלמי שבת ב'):
When you go out . . . take precautions. As Satan incriminates in times of peril.