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Devarim 32

32:1

הַאֲזִינוּ הַשָּׁמַיִם וַאֲדַבֵּרָה        וְתִשְׁמַע הָאָרֶץ אִמְרֵי־פִֽי׃

Hearken, O heaven as I declare, let the earth hear my mouth’s sayings.

Hearken, O heaven as I declare, let the earth hear my mouth’s sayings.

Rashi

האזינו השמים. שֶׁאֲנִי מַתְרֶה בָהֶם בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל וְתִהְיוּ עֵדִים בַּדָּבָר, שֶׁכָּךְ אָמַרְתִּי לָהֶם שֶׁאַתֶּם תִּהְיוּ עֵדִים, וְכֵן ותשמע הארץ. וְלָמָּה הֵעִיד בָּהֶם שָׁמַיִם וָאָרֶץ? אָמַר מֹשֶׁה: אֲנִי בָּשָׂר וָדָם, לְמָחָר אֲנִי מֵת, אִם יֹאמְרוּ יִשְׂרָאֵל לֹא קִבַּלְנוּ עָלֵינוּ הַבְּרִית, מִי בָא וּמַכְחִישָׁם? לְפִיכָךְ הֵעִיד בָּהֶם שָׁמַיִם וָאָרֶץ — עֵדִים שֶׁהֵן קַיָּמִים לְעוֹלָם. וְעוֹד, שֶׁאִם יִזְכּוּ יָבֹאוּ הָעֵדִים וְיִתְּנוּ שְׂכָרָם, הַגֶּפֶן תִּתֵּן פִּרְיָהּ וְהָאָרֶץ תִּתֵּן יְבוּלָהּ וְהַשָּׁמַיִם יִתְּנוּ טַלָּם, וְאִם יִתְחַיְּבוּ תִּהְיֶה בָהֶם יַד הָעֵדִים תְּחִלָּה — "וְעָצַר אֶת הַשָּׁמַיִם וְלֹא יִהְיֶה מָטָר וְהָאֲדָמָה לֹא תִתֵּן אֶת יְבוּלָהּ" (דברים י"ז), וְאַחַר כָּךְ "וַאֲבַדְתֶּם מְהֵרָה" (שם י"א) עַל יְדֵי הָאֻמּוֹת:

Hearken, O heaven. That I admonish the Israelites, so that you may serve as witnesses to the matter. For so I informed them — that you would be witnesses. Similarly, “let the earth hear.” Why did he designate to testify against them heaven and earth? Moshe said, “I am only flesh and blood, and tomorrow I may die. In case the Israelites declare, ‘We never assumed responsibility for fulfilling the covenant,’ who will refute them”? He therefore designated, to testify against them, heaven and earth, witnesses who endure forever. Furthermore, so that, if they so merit, the witnesses may come and reward them — “The grapevine shall give forth its fruit, the earth give forth its produce, and the heavens give forth their dew.” And if they are blameworthy, the hand of the witnesses may afflict them first — “He shall curb heaven, so that there will be no rain, and the earth shall not give forth its produce.” And after — “You shall quickly perish,” through the Gentile nations.

32:2

יַעֲרֹף כַּמָּטָר לִקְחִי        תִּזַּל כַּטַּל אִמְרָתִי כִּשְׂעִירִם עֲלֵי־דֶשֶׁא        וְכִרְבִיבִים עֲלֵי־עֵֽשֶׂב׃

Let my instruction flow like rainfall, let my saying drip like dew; like storm winds on verdure, and like raindrops on grass.

Let my instruction flow like rainfall, let my saying drip like dew; like storm winds on verdure, and like raindrops on grass.

Rashi

יערף כמטר לקחי. זוֹ הִיא הָעֵדוּת שֶׁתָּעִידוּ — שֶׁאֲנִי אוֹמֵר בִּפְנֵיכֶם תּוֹרָה שֶׁנָּתַתִּי לְיִשְׂרָאֵל שֶׁהִיא חַיִּים לָעוֹלָם כְּמָטָר זֶה שֶׁהוּא חַיִּים לָעוֹלָם (עי' ספרי); כַּאֲשֶׁר יַעַרְפוּ הַשָּׁמַיִם טַל וּמָטָר:

Let my instruction flow like rainfall. This is the witness you are to bear: That I declare before you that the Torah which I have given Yisroel is life to the world like the very rainfall, which is life to the world when the heavens flow with dew and rainfall.

יערף. לְשׁוֹן יַטִּיף, וְכֵן (תהילים ס"ה) "יִרְעֲפוּן דָּשֶׁן", (דברים ל"ג) "יַעַרְפוּ טָל":

Let [my instruction] flow. The meaning is “shall flow” [flowing] Similarly, “shall flow with dew,” “shall flow with opulence.”

תזל כטל. שֶׁהַכֹּל שְׂמֵחִים בּוֹ, לְפִי שֶׁהַמָּטָר יֵשׁ בּוֹ עֲצָבִים לַבְּרִיּוֹת, כְּגוֹן הוֹלְכֵי דְרָכִים וּמִי שֶׁהָיָה בוֹרוֹ מָלֵא יַיִן (ספרי):

Drip like dew. With which all rejoice, while rainfall brings dismay to some, for example, wayfarers, or someone with a cistern filled with wine.

כשעירם. לְשׁוֹן רוּחַ סְעָרָה, כְּתַרְגּוּמוֹ "כְּרוּחֵי מִטְרָא", מָה הָרוּחוֹת הַלָּלוּ מַחֲזִיקִים אֶת הָעֲשָׂבִים וּמְגַדְּלִין אוֹתָם, אַף דִּבְרֵי תוֹרָה מְגַדְּלִין אֶת לוֹמְדֵיהֶן:

Like storm winds. As in “storm wind,” as Targum [Onkelos] renders, “like rain winds.” Just as the winds fortify vegetation and nurture it, so do the words of Torah nurture those who study them.

וכרביבים. טִפֵּי מָטָר. נִרְאֶה לִי עַל שֵׁם שֶׁיּוֹרֶה כְּחֵץ נִקְרָא רְבִיב, כְּמָה דְאַתְּ אוֹמֵר "רֹבֶה קַשָּׁת" (בראשית כ"א):

Like raindrops. Drops of rain. It seems to me that, because it is propelled like an arrow, it is entitled “ רְבִיב,” as it is said, “one who shoots the bow.”

דשא. ארברי"ץ, עֲטִיפַת הָאָרֶץ מְכֻסָּה בְיֶרֶק:

Verdure. Erbediz, the envelopment of the earth when covered with vegetation.

עשב. קֶלַח אֶחָד קָרוּי עֵשֶׂב, וְכָל מִין וָמִין לְעַצְמוֹ קָרוּי עֵשֶׂב:

Grass. A single blade is entitled “grass,” and each species individually is entitled “grass.”

32:3

כִּי שֵׁם יְהֹוָה אֶקְרָא        הָבוּ גֹדֶל לֵאלֹהֵֽינוּ׃

When I pronounce the name of Adonoy, give greatness to our God,

When I pronounce the name of Adonoy, give greatness to our God,

Rashi

כי שם ה' אקרא. הֲרֵי כִּי מְשַׁמֵּשׁ בִּלְשׁוֹן כַּאֲשֶׁר, כְּמוֹ (ויקרא כ"ג) "כִּי תָבֹאוּ אֶל הָאָרֶץ", כְּשֶׁאֶקְרָא וְאַזְכִּיר שֵׁם ה', אַתֶּם הבו גדל לאלהינו וּבָרְכוּ שְׁמוֹ, מִכָּאן אָמְרוּ שֶׁעוֹנִין בָּרוּךְ שֵׁם כְּבוֹד מַלְכוּתוֹ אַחַר בְּרָכָה שֶׁבַּמִּקְדָּשׁ (עי' ספרי; מכילתא שמות י"ג; ברכות כ"א; תענית ט"ז):

When I pronounce Adonoy’s name. Now “ כִּי “ is used to denote “when,” as in “When you arrive in the land.” When I make a pronouncement and mention Adonoy’s name, you must attribute magnificence to our God and bless His name. From here we derive that one responds “May the Name of His glorious kingdom be blessed” after a blessing in the Beis Hamikdosh.

32:4

הַצּוּר תָּמִים פׇּֽעֳלוֹ        כִּי כׇל־דְּרָכָיו מִשְׁפָּט אֵל אֱמוּנָה וְאֵין עָוֶל        צַדִּיק וְיָשָׁר הֽוּא׃

The Almighty’s works are flawless, for all His ways are just; A God of faithfulness without injustice; righteous and upright is He.

The Almighty’s works are flawless, for all His ways are just; A God of faithfulness without injustice; righteous and upright is He.

Rashi

הצור תמים פעלו. אַעַ"פִּ שֶׁהוּא חָזָק, כְּשֶׁמֵּבִיא פֻּרְעָנוּת עַל עוֹבְרֵי רְצוֹנוֹ, לֹא בְּשֶׁטֶף הוּא מֵבִיא כִּי אִם בְּדִין, כִּי תמים פעלו:

The Almighty’s [lit. Rock’s] works are flawless. Although He is almighty, when He visits retribution upon those who have defied His will, He does not swamp them, but acts justly, for His works are flawless.

אל אמונה. לְשַׁלֵּם לַצַּדִּיקִים צִדְקָתָם לָעוֹלָם הַבָּא, וְאַעַ"פִּ שֶׁמְּאַחֵר אֶת תַּגְמוּלָם, סוֹפוֹ לְאַמֵּן אֶת דְּבָרָיו:

A God of faithfulness. By rewarding the righteous for their righteousness, in the World to Come. Although He delays rewarding them, in the end He is faithful to His word.

ואין עול. אַף לָרְשָׁעִים מְשַׁלֵּם שְׂכַר צִדְקָתָם בָּעוֹלָם הַזֶּה (עי' ספרי):

Without injustice. Even with the wicked, He rewards their righteousness in the present world.

צדיק וישר הוא. הַכֹּל מַצְדִּיקִים עֲלֵיהֶם אֶת דִּינוֹ, וְכָךְ רָאוּי וְיָשָׁר לָהֶם, צדיק מִפִּי הַבְּרִיּוֹת וישר הוא וְרָאוּי לְהַצְדִּיקוֹ:

He is righteous and upright. Everyone justifies His judgment, and this is fitting and righteous of them. He is described by men as just, and it is befitting to justify Him.

32:5

שִׁחֵת לוֹ לֹא בָּנָיו מוּמָם        דּוֹר עִקֵּשׁ וּפְתַלְתֹּֽל׃

Destructiveness does not affect Him, it is the defect of His children; a generation warped and twisted.

Destructiveness does not affect Him, it is the defect of His children; a generation warped and twisted.

Rashi

שחת לו וגו'. כְּתַרְגּוּמוֹ, "חַבִּילוּ לְהוֹן לָא לֵהּ":

Destructiveness does not affect Him. As Targum [Onkelos] renders, ”They destroy themselves, not Him.”

בניו מומם. בָּנָיו הָיוּ וְהַשְׁחָתָה שֶׁהִשְׁחִיתוּ הִיא מוּמָם:

It is His children’s defect. His erstwhile children. Their destructiveness is a defect in them.

בניו מומם. מוּמָם שֶׁל בָּנָיו הָיָה וְלֹא מוּמוֹ:

It is His children’s defect. The defect was His children’s, not His defect.

דור עקש. עָקֹם וּמְעֻקָּל, כְּמוֹ "וְאֵת כָּל הַיְשָׁרָה יְעַקֵּשׁוּ" (מיכה ג'). וּבִלְשׁוֹן מִשְׁנָה "חֻלְדָּה שֶׁשִּׁנֶּיהָ עֲקֻמּוֹת וַעֲקוּשׁוֹת":

A warped generation. Crooked, perverted, as in “everything correct, they warp.” In the Mishnaic usage, “A rodent whose teeth are crooked and warped.”

ופתלתל. אנטורט"ילייש, כַּפְּתִיל הַזֶּה שֶׁגּוֹדְלִין אוֹתוֹ וּמַקִּיפִין אוֹתוֹ סְבִיבוֹת הַגְּדִיל; פְּתַלְתֹּל מִן הַתֵּבוֹת הַכְּפוּלוֹת כְּמוֹ "יְרַקְרַק" "אֲדַמְדָּם" (ויקרא י"ג) "סְחַרְחַר" (תהילים ל"ח), "סְגַלְגַּל" (תרגום יונתן מלכים א ז'):

Twisted. Entortiliez, like a cord which one braids and winds around a pendant. פְּתַלְתֹּל is one of the dualized words, like יְרַקְּרַק, “deep green,” אֲדַמְדָּם, “deep red,” סְחַרְחַר, “surrounded,” סְגַלְגַּל, “circular.”

32:6

הַ לְיְהֹוָה*(בספרי תימן הַֽלְיהֹוָה בתיבה אחת) תִּגְמְלוּ־זֹאת        עַם נָבָל וְלֹא חָכָם הֲלוֹא־הוּא אָבִיךָ קָּנֶךָ        הוּא עָשְׂךָ וַֽיְכֹנְנֶֽךָ׃

Is it with Adonoy that you deal this way? base people lacking wisdom. Is He not your Father, who made you His? He made you and gave you a base.

Is it with Adonoy that you deal this way? base people lacking wisdom. Is He not your Father, who made you His? He made you and gave you a base.

Rashi

הלה' תגמלו זאת. לְשׁוֹן תֵּמָהּ, וְכִי לְפָנָיו אַתֶּם מַעֲצִיבִין שֶׁיֵּשׁ בְּיָדוֹ לִפָּרַע מִכֶּם וְשֶׁהֵיטִיב לָכֶם בְּכָל הַטּוֹבוֹת?

Is it with Adonoy that you deal this way? This denotes astonishment. Is it before Him that you cause displeasure, when it is in His power to punish you, and when He has granted you every benefit?

עם נבל. שֶׁשָּׁכְחוּ אֶת הֶעָשׂוּי לָהֶם:

Base people. Who have forgotten what was done for them.

ולא חכם. לְהָבִין אֶת הַנּוֹלָדוֹת, שֶׁיֵּשׁ בְּיָדוֹ לְהֵיטִיב וּלְהָרַע:

Lacking wisdom. The foresight to understand that He has the power to grant benefits and to destroy.

הלוא הוא אביך קנך. שֶׁקְּנָאֲךָ, שֶׁקִּנֶּנְךָ בְּקַן הַסְּלָעִים וּבְאֶרֶץ חֲזָקָה, שֶׁתִּקֶּנְךָ בְּכָל מִינֵי תַקָּנָה:

Is He not your Father, who made you His? As He took possession of you, as He settled you in a nest — in a nest of rock mass, in a fortified land. He enhanced you with every kind of benefit.

הוא עשך. אֻמָּה בָּאֻמּוֹת:

He made you. A nation among nations.

ויכננך. אַחֲרֵי כֵן בְּכָל מִינֵי בָסִיס וְכַן — מִכֶּם כֹּהֲנִים, מִכֶּם נְבִיאִים וּמִכֶּם מְלָכִים, כְּרַךְ שֶׁהַכֹּל בּוֹ (ספרי; חולין נ"ו):

And gave you a base. Afterward, with every kind of basis and foundation. Some of you are kohanim, some prophets, some kings — a city which supports everything.

Texts

  • Hebrew: Miqra according to the Masorah · License: CC-BY-SA
  • English: Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009 · License: CC-BY
  • Hebrew: Pentateuch with Rashi's commentary by M. Rosenbaum and A.M. Silbermann, 1929-1934 · License: PD
  • English: Rashi Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009 · License: CC-BY

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