Reading: Hebrew · Simple EnglishHebrew · Faithful translationHebrew onlyHebrew · Simple EnglishHebrew · Faithful translationHebrew onlySimple English onlyFaithful translation onlySide by sideRashi

Devarim 32

32:19

וַיַּרְא יְהֹוָה וַיִּנְאָץ מִכַּעַס בָּנָיו וּבְנֹתָֽיו׃        

Adonoy saw and was angered, by the spite of His sons and His daughters.

Adonoy saw and was angered, by the spite of His sons and His daughters.

32:20

וַיֹּאמֶר אַסְתִּירָה פָנַי מֵהֶם אֶרְאֶה מָה אַחֲרִיתָם        כִּי דוֹר תַּהְפֻּכֹת הֵמָּה בָּנִים לֹא־אֵמֻן בָּֽם׃        

He said, ‘‘I will hide My face from them, I will see what their end will be; for they are an upsetting generation, sons who are devoid of breeding.

He said, ‘‘I will hide My face from them, I will see what their end will be; for they are an upsetting generation, sons who are devoid of breeding.

Rashi

מה אחריתם. מַה תַּעֲלֶה בָהֶם בְּסוֹפָם:

What their end will be. What will occur to them at their end.

כי דור תהפכת המה. מְהַפְּכִין רְצוֹנִי לְכַעַס:

For they are an upsetting generation. They upset My good will and turn it to wrath.

לא אמן בם. אֵין גִדּוּלַי נִכָּרִים בָּהֶם, כִּי הוֹרֵיתִים דֶּרֶךְ טוֹבָה וְסָרוּ מִמֶּנָּה:

Devoid of breeding. My training is not noticeable in them, for I instructed them in the proper path, but they strayed from it.

אמן. לְשׁוֹן "וַיְהִי אֹמֵן" (אסתר ב'), נורריטור"ה בְּלַעַז; דָּ"אַ — אמן לְשׁוֹן אֱמוּנָה, כְּתַרְגּוּמוֹ, אָמְרוּ בְסִינַי נַעֲשֶׂה וְנִשְׁמָע וּלְשָׁעָה קַלָּה בִטְּלוּ הַבְטָחָתָם וְעָשׂוּ הָעֵגֶל (ספרי):

Breeding. The meaning is the same as “He nurtured,” norture, in Old French. Another interpretation: אֵמֻן denotes faithfulness, as Targum [Onkelos] translates. They declared at Sinai, “We shall do, and we shall listen,” and in a fleeting instant reneged on their pledge, and made the [golden] calf.

32:21

הֵם קִנְאוּנִי בְלֹא־אֵל כִּעֲסוּנִי בְּהַבְלֵיהֶם        וַֽאֲנִי אַקְנִיאֵם בְּלֹא־עָם בְּגוֹי נָבָל אַכְעִיסֵֽם׃        

They have incited Me to vengeance with a non-god—have spited Me with their idols; and I will incite them with a non-people, I shall anger them with a faithless nation.

They have incited Me to vengeance with a non-god—have spited Me with their idols; and I will incite them with a non-people, I shall anger them with a faithless nation.

Rashi

קנאוני. הִבְעִירוּ חֲמָתִי:

Incited Me to vengeance. They inflamed My wrath.

בלא אל. בְּדָבָר שֶׁאֵינוֹ אֱלוֹהַּ:

With a non-god. With something which is not a God.

בלא עם. בְּאֻמָּה שֶׁאֵין לָהּ שֵׁם, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (ישעיהו כ"ג) הֵן אֶרֶץ כַּשְׂדִים זֶה הָעָם לֹא הָיָה, בְּעֵשָׂו הוּא אוֹמֵר (עובדיה א') בָּזוּי אַתָּה מְאֹד:

With a non-people. With a nation with no reputation, as it is said, “Lo, the land of Kasdim — this people is a non-entity.” And concerning Eisav it says, “you are extremely despicable.”

בגוי נבל אכעיסם. אֵלּוּ הַמִּינִים, וְכֵן הוּא אוֹמֵר (תהילים י"ד) אָמַר נָבָל בְּלִבּוֹ אֵין אֱלֹהִים (ספרי; יבמות ס"ג):

I shall anger them with a faithless nation. This refers to atheists. Similarly, it says, “The faithless says in his heart, ‘there is no God.”’

32:22

כִּי־אֵשׁ קָדְחָה בְאַפִּי וַתִּיקַד עַד־שְׁאוֹל תַּחְתִּית        וַתֹּאכַל אֶרֶץ וִֽיבֻלָהּ וַתְּלַהֵט מוֹסְדֵי הָרִֽים׃        

For a fire shall blaze in My anger, that will burn till the lowest grave; it shall consume the land and its produce, and enflame the bases of mountains.

For a fire shall blaze in My anger, that will burn till the lowest grave; it shall consume the land and its produce, and enflame the bases of mountains.

Rashi

קדחה. בָּעֲרָה:

Shall blaze. Shall burn.

ותיקד. בָּכֶם עַד הַיְסוֹד:

That will burn. You down to the foundation.

ותאכל ארץ ויבלה. אַרְצְכֶם וִיבוּלָהּ (ספרי):

It shall consume the land and its produce. Your land and its produce.

ותלהט. יְרוּשָׁלַיִם הַמְיֻסֶּדֶת עַל הֶהָרִים, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (תהילים קכ"ה) יְרוּשָׁלַיִם הָרִים סָבִיב לָהּ:

And enflame. Jerusalem, which is founded on mountains, as it is said, “Jerusalem is surrounded by mountains.”

32:23

אַסְפֶּה עָלֵימוֹ רָעוֹת חִצַּי אֲכַלֶּה־בָּֽם׃        

I shall amass iniquity against them, I shall deplete my arrows against them.

I shall amass iniquity against them, I shall deplete my arrows against them.

Rashi

אספה עלימו רעות. אַחְבִּיר רָעָה עַל רָעָה, לְשׁוֹן "סְפוּ שָׁנָה עַל שָׁנָה" (ישעיהו כ"ט), "סְפוֹת הָרָוָה" (דברים כ"ט), "עֹלוֹתֵיכֶם סְפוּ עַל זִבְחֵיכֶם" (ירמיהו ז'). דָּ"אַ — אספה אֲכַלֶּה, כְּמוֹ "פֶּן תִּסָּפֶה" (בראשית י"ט):

I shall amass iniquity against them. I shall link evil with evil. This means the same as “Join year to year,” “To add the sated,” “Add your burnt-offerings to your peace-offerings.” Another interpretation of אַסְפֶּה, “I shall consume”, as in “Lest you be consumed.”

חצי אכלה בם. כָּל חִצַּי אַשְׁלִים בָּהֶם, וּקְלָלָה זוֹ לְפִי הַפֻּרְעָנוּת לִבְרָכָה הִיא — חִצַּי כָּלִים וְהֵם אֵינָם כָּלִים (ספרי; סוטה ט'):

I shall deplete my arrows against them. I shall completely expend all my arrows against them. This curse, in serving as a punishment, is actually a blessing — my arrows shall be depleted, but they shall not be depleted.

32:24

מְזֵי רָעָב וּלְחֻמֵי רֶשֶׁף וְקֶטֶב מְרִירִי        וְשֶׁן־בְּהֵמֹת אֲשַׁלַּח־בָּם עִם־חֲמַת זֹחֲלֵי עָפָֽר׃        

Bloated with hunger, and embattled with demons and slashed by Meriri; and the teeth of animals will I send against them along with the venom of dust-crawlers.

Bloated with hunger, and embattled with demons and slashed by Meriri; and the teeth of animals will I send against them along with the venom of dust-crawlers.

Rashi

מזי רעב. אֻנְקְלוֹס תִּרְגֵּם "נְפִיחֵי כָפָן", וְאֵין לִי עֵד מוֹכִיחַ עָלָיו, וּמִשְּׁמוֹ שֶׁל רַבִּי מֹשֶׁה הַדַּרְשָׁן מִטּוּלוּשָׂא שָׁמַעְתִּי שְׂעִירֵי רָעָב — אָדָם כָּחוּשׁ מְגַדֵּל שֵׂעָר עַל בְּשָׂרוֹ:

Bloated with hunger. Onkelos renders “Bloated with hunger,” but I have no evidence supportive of this. In the name of R’ Moshe Hadarshan of Tolouse I have heard, “Hairy with hunger.” A lean man sprouts hair on his flesh.

מזי. לְשׁוֹן אֲרַמִּי שֵׂעָר — מִזַיָּא, "דַּהֲוָה מְהַפֵּךְ בְּמִזַיָּא" (מגילה י"ח):

Bloated In Aramaic, “hair” is מִזַּיָּא . ”He would tousle his hair.”

ולחמי רשף. הַשֵּׁדִים נִלְחֲמוּ בָהֶם, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "וּבְנֵי רֶשֶׁף יַגְבִּיהוּ עוּף" (איוב ה'), וְהֵם שֵׁדִים:

Embattled with demons. Demons battled them, as it is said, “But the sons of demons soar aloft,” referring to demons.

וקטב מרירי. וּכְרִיתוּת שֵׁד שֶׁשְּׁמוֹ מְרִירִי, קטב כְּרִיתָה, כְּמוֹ "אֱהִי קָטָבְךָ שְׁאוֹל" (הושע י"ג):

Slashed by Meriri. Slashed by a demon named Meriri. Slashed. Cut down, as, “I shall cut you down into the grave.”

ושן בהמת. מַעֲשֶׂה הָיָה וְהָיוּ הָרְחֵלִים נוֹשְׁכִין וּמְמִיתִין (ספרי):

Teeth of animals. There was an incident where sheep bites were fatal.

חמת זחלי עפר. אֶרֶס נְחָשִׁים הַמְהַלְּכִים עַל גְּחוֹנָם עַל הֶעָפָר כַּמַּיִם הַזּוֹחֲלִים עַל הָאָרֶץ; זְחִילָה לְשׁוֹן מְרוּצַת הַמַּיִם עַל הֶעָפָר וְכֵן כָּל מְרוּצַת דָּבָר הַמְשַׁפְשֵׁף עַל הֶעָפָר וְהוֹלֵךְ:

The venom of dust-crawlers. The venom of snakes which crawl on their bellies in the dust, like water rolling on the ground. זְחִילָה denotes the movement of water on the ground, and, as well, the movement of anything which progresses by sliding along the ground.

32:25

מִחוּץ תְּשַׁכֶּל־חֶרֶב וּמֵחֲדָרִים אֵימָה גַּם־בָּחוּר גַּם־בְּתוּלָה יוֹנֵק עִם־אִישׁ שֵׂיבָֽה׃        

From without, the sword shall decimate, and from within chambers, terror; both lad and lass, suckling and aged man.

From without, the sword shall decimate, and from within chambers, terror; both lad and lass, suckling and aged man.

Rashi

מחוץ תשכל חרב. מִחוּץ לָעִיר תְּשַׁכְּלֵם חֶרֶב גְּיָסוֹת.

From without, the sword shall decimate. Outside the city, the sword of armed legions shall decimate them.

ומחדרים אימה. כְּשֶׁבּוֹרֵחַ וְנִמְלָט חַדְרֵי לִבּוֹ נְקוּפִים עָלָיו מֵחֲמַת אֵימָה, וְהוּא מֵת וְהוֹלֵךְ בָּה (ספרי); דָּ"אַ, ומחדרים אימה — בַּבַּיִת תִּהְיֶה אֵימַת דֶּבֶר, כְּמָה שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (ירמיהו ט') "כִּי עָלָה מָוֶת בְּחַלּוֹנֵינוּ", וְכֵן תִּרְגֵּם אֻנְקְלוֹס; דָּ"אַ, מחוץ תשכל חרב — עַל מַה שֶּׁעָשׂוּ בַחוּצוֹת, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "וּמִסְפַּר חוּצוֹת יְרוּשָׁלַיִם שַׂמְתֶּם מִזְבְּחוֹת לַבֹּשֶׁת" (שם י"א); ומחדרים אימה, עַל מַה שֶּׁעָשׂוּ בְחַדְרֵי חֲדָרִים, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "אֲשֶׁר זִקְנֵי בֵית יִשְׂרָאֵל עוֹשִׂים בַּחֹשֶׁךְ אִישׁ בְּחַדְרֵי מַשְׂכִּיתוֹ" (יחזקאל ח'):

From within the chambers, terror. If he should flee and escape the sword, the chambers of his heart pound with terror, continuing until he expires. Another interpretation of “From within the chambers, terror”: Indoors will be terror of the plague, as it is said, “For death has entered through our windows.” This is how Onkelos translates it. Another interpretation: “Because of the outdoors, the sword shall decimate” — because of their behavior out of doors, as it is said, “According to the number of outdoor areas in Jerusalem, you have set up altars to debasement.” “Because of the chambers, terror” — because of their behavior in the innermost chambers, as it is said, “What the elders of the house of Yisroel do in the dark, each one in his paneled chamber.”

32:26

אָמַרְתִּי אַפְאֵיהֶם אַשְׁבִּיתָה מֵאֱנוֹשׁ זִכְרָֽם׃        

I thought, ‘I shall abandon them,’, I would eliminate from mankind mention of them.

I thought, ‘I shall abandon them,’, I would eliminate from mankind mention of them.

Rashi

אמרתי אפאיהם. אָמַרְתִּי בְלִבִּי אַפְאֶה אוֹתָם, וְיֵשׁ לְפָרֵשׁ אפאיהם אֲשִׁיתֵם פֵּאָה, לְהַשְׁלִיכָם מֵעָלַי הֶפְקֵר, וְדֻגְמָתוֹ מָצִינוּ בְעֶזְרָא (נחמיה ט') "וַתִּתֵּן לָהֶם מַמְלָכוֹת וַעֲמָמִים וַתַּחְלְקֵם לְפֵאָה" — לְהֶפְקֵר, וְכֵן חִבְּרוֹ מְנַחֵם. וְיֵשׁ פּוֹתְרִים אוֹתוֹ כְּתַרְגּוּמוֹ "יָחוּל רוּגְזִי עֲלֵיהוֹן", וְלֹא יִתָּכֵן, שֶׁאִם כֵּן הָיָה לוֹ לִכְתֹּב אֲאַפְאֵיהֶם, אַחַת לְשִׁמּוּשׁ וְאַחַת לִיסוֹד, כְּמוֹ "אֲאַזֶּרְךָ" (ישעיהו מ"ה), "אֲאַמִּצְכֶם בְּמוֹ פִי" (איוב ט"ו), וְהָאָלֶ"ף הַתִּיכוֹנָה אֵינָהּ רְאוּיָה בוֹ כְלָל. וְאֻנְקְלוֹס תִּרְגֵּם אַחַר לְשׁוֹן הַבָּרַיְתָא הַשְּׁנוּיָה בְסִפְרֵי הַחוֹלֶקֶת תֵּבָה זוֹ לְשָׁלוֹשׁ תֵּבוֹת, אָמַרְתִּי אַף אֵי הֵם — אָמַרְתִּי בְאַפִּי אֶתְּנֵם כְּאִלּוּ אֵינָם שֶׁיֹּאמְרוּ רוֹאֵיהֶם עֲלֵיהֶם אַיֵּה הֵם:

I thought [lit. said], ‘I shall abandon them.’ I said privately, I shall abandon them. We may interpret אַפְאֵיהֶם as ‘I shall render them Pei’ah, discarding them into abandonment.’ We find an example of this in Ezra, “You delivered, to them, kingdoms and peoples, whom You dispersed as Pei’ah” — into abandonment. This is Menachem’s understanding. Now some interpret this according to Targum’s [Onkelos] translation, “I shall visit my fury upon them”; but this is untenable, for if so, it should have written אֲאַפְאֵיהֶם, one [aleph] as a prefix, and one from the root, as in “I girded you,” “I fortified you by my word.” Also, the middle aleph is totally inappropriate. Onkelos’s translation follows the text of the Beraysa quoted by Sifrei, which divides this word into three words — I thought ‘in fury where are they.’ I thought, in my fury, that I would render them non-entities, so that those who look for them would say, concerning them, ‘Where are they’?

32:27

לוּלֵי כַּעַס אוֹיֵב אָגוּר פֶּֽן־יְנַכְּרוּ צָרֵימוֹ        פֶּן־יֹֽאמְרוּ יָדֵנוּ רָמָה וְלֹא יְהֹוָה פָּעַל כׇּל־זֹֽאת׃        

Were it not for the enemy’s amassed rage, lest their oppressors estrange; lest they say, ‘Our armed might has prevailed, and not Adonoy has performed all this.’

Were it not for the enemy’s amassed rage, lest their oppressors estrange; lest they say, ‘Our armed might has prevailed, and not Adonoy has performed all this.’

Rashi

לולי כעס אויב אגור. אִם לֹא שֶׁכַּעַס הָאוֹיֵב כָּנוּס עֲלֵיהֶם לְהַשְׁחִית, וְאִם יוּכַל לָהֶם וְיַשְׁחִיתֵם יִתְלֶה הַגְּדֻלָּה בּוֹ וּבֵאלֹהָיו וְלֹא יִתְלֶה הַגְּדֻלָּה בִּי, וְזֶהוּ שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר פן ינכרו צרימו — יְנַכְּרוּ הַדָּבָר לִתְלוֹת גְּבוּרָתָם בְּנָכְרִי שֶׁאֵין הַגְּדֻלָּה שֶׁלּוֹ — פן יאמרו ידנו רמה וגו':

Were it not for the enemy’s amassed rage. Were it not that the enemy’s rage is amassed against them for destruction, and if he were to overcome them and destroy them, he would attribute greatness to himself and his gods, but would not attribute greatness to Me. This is why it is said . . .

32:28

כִּי־גוֹי אֹבַד עֵצוֹת הֵמָּה וְאֵין בָּהֶם תְּבוּנָֽה׃        

For those nations squander counsel, they lack intelligence.

For those nations squander counsel, they lack intelligence.

Rashi

כי אוֹתוֹ גוי אבד עצות המה ואין בהם תבונה. שֶׁאִלּוּ הָיוּ חֲכָמִים ישכילו זאת איכה ירדף וגו':

Lest their oppressors estrange. They estrange the matter by attributing their power to a stranger who has no greatness. Lest they say, ‘Our armed might has prevailed,’ etc. For that Nation squanders counsel, they lack intelligence. For if they were wise, They would grasp this. How could [one] pursue, etc.

Texts

  • Hebrew: Miqra according to the Masorah · License: CC-BY-SA
  • English: Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009 · License: CC-BY
  • Hebrew: Pentateuch with Rashi's commentary by M. Rosenbaum and A.M. Silbermann, 1929-1934 · License: PD
  • English: Rashi Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009 · License: CC-BY

Where next