Devarim
Ha'Azinu, Aliyah 7 האזינו, שביעי
Part of: Ha'AzinuHa'Azinu, Aliyah 7Chapter 32Petuchah, Deuteronomy 32:44Petuchah, Deuteronomy 32:48
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Devarim 32
וַיָּבֹא מֹשֶׁה וַיְדַבֵּר אֶת־כׇּל־דִּבְרֵי הַשִּׁירָֽה־הַזֹּאת בְּאׇזְנֵי הָעָם הוּא וְהוֹשֵׁעַ בִּן־נֽוּן׃
Moshe came and he spoke all the words of this song in the hearing of the people; he and Hoshe’a, the son of Nun.
Moshe came and he spoke all the words of this song in the hearing of the people; he and Hoshe’a, the son of Nun.
Rashi
וַיְכַל מֹשֶׁה לְדַבֵּר אֶת־כׇּל־הַדְּבָרִים הָאֵלֶּה אֶל־כׇּל־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃
When Moshe finished speaking all these words to all of Yisroel,
When Moshe finished speaking all these words to all of Yisroel,
וַיֹּאמֶר אֲלֵהֶם שִׂימוּ לְבַבְכֶם לְכׇל־הַדְּבָרִים אֲשֶׁר אָנֹכִי מֵעִיד בָּכֶם הַיּוֹם אֲשֶׁר תְּצַוֻּם אֶת־בְּנֵיכֶם לִשְׁמֹר לַעֲשׂוֹת אֶת־כׇּל־דִּבְרֵי הַתּוֹרָה הַזֹּֽאת׃
He said to them, ‘‘Focus your thoughts on all the statements that I am bringing to witness against you today; which you are to command to your sons to guard and to fulfill all the statements of this Torah.
He said to them, ‘‘Focus your thoughts on all the statements that I am bringing to witness against you today; which you are to command to your sons to guard and to fulfill all the statements of this Torah.
Rashi
שימו לבבכם. צָרִיךְ אָדָם שֶׁיִּהְיוּ עֵינָיו וְלִבּוֹ וְאָזְנָיו מְכֻוָּנִים לְדִבְרֵי תוֹרָה, וְכֵן הוּא אוֹמֵר "בֶּן אָדָם רְאֵה בְעֵינֶיךָ וּבְאָזְנֶיךָ שְׁמַע וְשִׂים לִבְּךָ" (יחזקאל מ'); וַהֲרֵי דְבָרִים קַל וָחֹמֶר וּמַה תַּבְנִית הַבַּיִת שֶׁהוּא נִרְאֶה לָעֵינַיִם וְנִמְדָד בְּקָנֶה צָרִיךְ אָדָם שֶׁיִּהְיוּ עֵינָיו וְאָזְנָיו וְלִבּוֹ מְכֻוָּנִין, לְהָבִין דִּבְרֵי תוֹרָה שֶׁהֵן כַּהֲרָרִין תְּלוּיִין בִּשְׂעָרָה עַל אַחַת כַּמָּה וְכַמָּה (ספרי):
Focus your thoughts. A person is required to concentrate his sight, thought, and hearing on the word of Torah. Similarly, it says, “Son of man; view with your eyes, listen with your ears, and focus your mind.” It may be inferred from the following: Take architectural design, which is subject to visual inspection, and may be measured with the yardstick; yet a man must concentrate his sight, hearing, and thought to grasp it. Then to comprehend the word of Torah, which is comparable to a mountain balanced on a hair, most certainly so.
כִּי לֹא־דָבָר רֵק הוּא מִכֶּם כִּי־הוּא חַיֵּיכֶם וּבַדָּבָר הַזֶּה תַּאֲרִיכוּ יָמִים עַל־הָאֲדָמָה אֲשֶׁר אַתֶּם עֹבְרִים אֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּן שָׁמָּה לְרִשְׁתָּֽהּ׃ {פ}
For it is not a futile thing for you, for it is your life; and by this matter will you live long on the land that you are crossing the Yardein there to inherit.’’
For it is not a futile thing for you, for it is your life; and by this matter will you live long on the land that you are crossing the Yardein there to inherit.’’
Rashi
כי לא דבר רק הוא מכם. לֹא לְחִנָּם אַתֶּם יְגֵעִים בָּהּ, כִּי הַרְבֵּה שָׂכָר תָּלוּי בָּהּ, כי הוא חייכם; דָּ"אַ — אֵין לְךָ דָבָר רֵיקָן בַּתּוֹרָה שֶׁאִם תִּדְרְשֶׁנּוּ שֶׁאֵין בּוֹ מַתַּן שָׂכָר, תֵּדַע לְךָ שֶׁכֵּן אָמְרוּ חֲכָמִים "וַאֲחוֹת לוֹטָן תִּמְנָע" (בראשית ל"ו) "וְתִמְנַע הָיְתָה פִילֶגֶשׁ וְגוֹ'", לְפִי שֶׁאָמְרָה אֵינִי כְדַאי לִהְיוֹת לוֹ אִשָּׁה הַלְוַאי וְאֶהְיֶה פִילַגְשׁוֹ, וְכָל כָּךְ לָמָּה? לְהוֹדִיעַ שִׁבְחוֹ שֶׁל אַבְרָהָם שֶׁהָיוּ שִׁלְטוֹנִים וּמְלָכִים מִתְאַוִּים לִדַּבֵּק בְּזַרְעוֹ (ספרי):
For it is not a futile thing for you. It is not futile for you to weary yourselves with it, for enormous recompense is contingent on it — for it is your very lives. Another explanation: There is nothing in the Torah so empty that, if expounded, would not yield recompense. The proof is from the following comment by the Rabbis: “Lotan’s sister was Timna.” “Timna was the concubine, etc.” Because she said, ‘I am unworthy of being his wife — would that I may become his concubine.’ Why to that extent? This informs us of Avrohom’s eminence, as potentates and kings longed to unite themselves with his descendants.
וַיְדַבֵּר יְהֹוָה אֶל־מֹשֶׁה בְּעֶצֶם הַיּוֹם הַזֶּה לֵאמֹֽר׃
Adonoy spoke to Moshe at the very height of that day, saying,
Adonoy spoke to Moshe at the very height of that day, saying,
Rashi
וידבר ה' אל משה בעצם היום הזה. בִּשְׁלוֹשָׁה מְקוֹמוֹת נֶאֱמַר בְּעֶצֶם הַיּוֹם הַזֶּה, נֶאֱמַר בְּנֹחַ "בְּעֶצֶם הַיּוֹם הַזֶּה בָּא נֹחַ וְגוֹ'" (בראשית ז') — בְּמַרְאִית אוֹרוֹ שֶׁל יוֹם, לְפִי שֶׁהָיוּ בְנֵי דוֹרוֹ אוֹמְרִים בְּכָךְ וְכָךְ אִם אָנוּ מַרְגִּישִׁין בּוֹ, אֵין אָנוּ מַנִּיחִין אוֹתוֹ לִכָּנֵס בַּתֵּבָה, וְלֹא עוֹד אֶלָּא אָנוּ נוֹטְלִין כַּשִּׁילִין וְקַרְדֻּמּוֹת וּמְבַקְּעִין אֶת הַתֵּבָה, אָמַר הַקָּבָּ"ה הֲרֵינִי מַכְנִיסוֹ בַּחֲצִי הַיּוֹם וְכָל מִי שֶׁיֵּשׁ בְּיָדוֹ כֹחַ לִמְחוֹת יָבֹא וְיִמְחֶה; בְּמִצְרַיִם נֶאֱמַר "בְּעֶצֶם הַיּוֹם הַזֶּה הוֹצִיא ה'" (שמות י"ב), לְפִי שֶׁהָיוּ מִצְרִיִּים אוֹמְרִים בְּכָךְ וְכָךְ אִם אָנוּ מַרְגִּישִׁין בָּהֶם, אֵין אָנוּ מַנִּיחִין אוֹתָם לָצֵאת, וְלֹא עוֹד אֶלָּא אָנוּ נוֹטְלִין סְיָפוֹת וּכְלֵי זַיִן וְהוֹרְגִין בָּהֶם, אָמַר הַקָּבָּ"ה הֲרֵינִי מוֹצִיאָן בַּחֲצִי הַיּוֹם וְכָל מִי שֶׁיֵּשׁ בּוֹ כֹחַ לִמְחוֹת יָבֹא וְיִמְחֶה; אַף כָּאן בְּמִיתָתוֹ שֶׁל מֹשֶׁה נֶאֱמַר "בְּעֶצֶם הַיּוֹם הַזֶּה", לְפִי שֶׁהָיוּ יִשְׂרָאֵל אוֹמְרִים בְּכָךְ וְכָךְ אִם אָנוּ מַרְגִּישִׁין בּוֹ — אֵין אָנוּ מַנִּיחִין אוֹתוֹ, אָדָם שֶׁהוֹצִיאָנוּ מִמִּצְרַיִם וְקָרַע לָנוּ אֶת הַיָּם וְהוֹרִיד לָנוּ אֶת הַמָּן וְהֵגִיז לָנוּ אֶת הַשְּׂלָו וְהֶעֱלָה לָנוּ אֶת הַבְּאֵר וְנָתַן לָנוּ אֶת הַתּוֹרָה, אֵין אָנוּ מַנִּיחִין אוֹתוֹ, אָמַר הַקָּבָּ"ה הֲרֵינִי מַכְנִיסוֹ בַחֲצִי הַיּוֹם וְכוּ' (ספרי):
Adonoy spoke to Moshe at the very height of that day. In three places, it is said, “At the very height of that day.” It is said concerning Noach, “At the very height of that day, Noach entered, etc.” — when the light of day was in full view. Since his contemporaries said, ‘By so-and-so, if we sense him leaving, we won’t permit him to enter the ark, and furthermore, we will get sledgehammers and axes, and smash the ark’! The Holy One, Blessed is He, said, ‘I will bring him in at mid-day. Let anyone powerful enough to obstruct come and do so!’ — Concerning Egypt, it is said, “At the very height of that day, Adonoy delivered.” Since the Egyptians said, ‘By so-and so, if we sense them leaving, we won’t permit them to go. And furthermore, we will get swords and other weapons and kill them. The Holy One, Blessed is He, said, ‘I will deliver them at mid-day. Let anyone powerful enough to obstruct come and do so.’ Here too, concerning Moshe’s death, it is said, “At the very height of this day.” Since the Israelites said, ‘By so-and so, if we sense him leaving, we won’t let go of him. The man who took us out of Egypt, split the sea for us, brought down the manna for us, swept the quail over to us, brought up the well-spring for us, and gave us the Torah! We won’t let go of him!’ The Holy One, Blessed is He, said, ‘I will gather him up at mid-day, etc.’
עֲלֵה אֶל־הַר הָעֲבָרִים הַזֶּה הַר־נְבוֹ אֲשֶׁר בְּאֶרֶץ מוֹאָב אֲשֶׁר עַל־פְּנֵי יְרֵחוֹ וּרְאֵה אֶת־אֶרֶץ כְּנַעַן אֲשֶׁר אֲנִי נֹתֵן לִבְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל לַאֲחֻזָּֽה׃
‘‘Go up to this Mount Ho’avorim, Mount Nevo, which is in the land of Moav, that faces Yereicho; and see the land of Canaan that I am giving to Bnei Yisroel as inheritance.
‘‘Go up to this Mount Ho’avorim, Mount Nevo, which is in the land of Moav, that faces Yereicho; and see the land of Canaan that I am giving to Bnei Yisroel as inheritance.
וּמֻת בָּהָר אֲשֶׁר אַתָּה עֹלֶה שָׁמָּה וְהֵאָסֵף אֶל־עַמֶּיךָ כַּֽאֲשֶׁר־מֵת אַהֲרֹן אָחִיךָ בְּהֹר הָהָר וַיֵּאָסֶף אֶל־עַמָּֽיו׃
And die on the mountain upon which you are going up and be gathered unto your people, just as your brother Aharon died in Hor Hohor and was gathered unto his people.
And die on the mountain upon which you are going up and be gathered unto your people, just as your brother Aharon died in Hor Hohor and was gathered unto his people.
Rashi
כאשר מת אהרן אחיך. בְּאוֹתָהּ מִיתָה שֶׁרָאִיתָ וְחָמַדְתָּ אוֹתָהּ, שֶׁהִפְשִׁיט מֹשֶׁה אֶת אַהֲרֹן בֶּגֶד רִאשׁוֹן וְהִלְבִּישׁוֹ לְאֶלְעָזָר וְכֵן שֵׁנִי וְכֵן שְׁלִישִׁי וְרָאָה בְּנוֹ בִּכְבוֹדוֹ, אָמַר לוֹ מֹשֶׁה, אַהֲרֹן אָחִי עֲלֵה לַמִּטָּה וְעָלָה, פְּשֹׁט יָדְךָ וּפָשַׁט, פְּשֹׁט רַגְלְךָ וּפָשַׁט, עֲצֹם עֵינֶיךָ וְעָצַם, קְמֹץ פִּיךָ וְקָמַץ, וְהָלַךְ לוֹ. אָמַר מֹשֶׁה — אַשְׁרֵי מִי שֶׁמֵּת בְּמִיתָה זוֹ (ספרי):
Just as your brother Aharon died. With the very death you witnessed and longed for. For Moshe removed Aharon’s first garment, and attired Elazar in it; he did so with the second, and with the third, so that he [Aharon] witnessed his son inheriting his glory. Moshe said to him, ‘My brother Aharon, recline on the bed’ — he reclined. ‘Extend your arms’ — he extended them. ‘Extend your legs’ — he extended them. ‘Close your eyes’ — and he closed them. Close your mouth, He closed it, and passed on. Moshe said, ‘Fortunate is one who dies such a death.’
עַל אֲשֶׁר מְעַלְתֶּם בִּי בְּתוֹךְ בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל בְּמֵֽי־מְרִיבַת קָדֵשׁ מִדְבַּר־צִן עַל אֲשֶׁר לֹֽא־קִדַּשְׁתֶּם אוֹתִי בְּתוֹךְ בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃
Because you were unfaithful to Me amid Bnei Yisroel at the waters of argument at Kodeish in the Tzin wilderness; because of [the fact] that you did not sanctify Me amid Bnei Yisroel.
Because you were unfaithful to Me amid Bnei Yisroel at the waters of argument at Kodeish in the Tzin wilderness; because of [the fact] that you did not sanctify Me amid Bnei Yisroel.
Rashi
על אשר מעלתם בי. גְּרַמְתֶּם לִמְעֹל בִּי:
Because you were unfaithful to me. You were the cause of unfaithfulness to Me. [A different text: Because you rebelled against My word — you were the cause of rebellion against My word.]
על אשר לא קדשתם אותי. גְּרַמְתֶּם לִי שֶׁלֹּא אֶתְקַדֵּשׁ, אָמַרְתִּי לָכֶם "וְדִבַּרְתֶּם אֶל הַסֶּלַע" (במדבר כ') וְהֵם הִכּוּהוּ וְהֻצְרְכוּ לְהַכּוֹתוֹ פַעֲמַיִם, וְאִלּוּ דִּבְּרוּ עִמּוֹ וְנָתַן מֵימָיו בְּלֹא הַכָּאָה, הָיָה מִתְקַדֵּשׁ שֵׁם שָׁמַיִם, שֶׁהָיוּ יִשְׂרָאֵל אוֹמְרִים וּמַה הַסֶּלַע שֶׁאֵינוֹ לְשָׂכָר וְלֹא לְפֻרְעָנוּת, אִם זָכָה אֵין לוֹ מַתַּן שָׂכָר וְאִם חָטָא אֵינוֹ לוֹקֶה, כָּךְ מְקַיֵּם מִצְוַת בּוֹרְאוֹ, אָנוּ לֹא כָּל שֶׁכֵּן:
That you did not sanctify Me. Because of you, I was not sanctified, for I commanded you, “Speak to the rock.” But they struck it, then needed to strike it twice. If they had spoken to it, and it had produced its water without having been struck, the Name of Heaven would have been sanctified. For the Israelites would have said, ‘If the rock, which is not subject to reward or punishment — if meritorious, it gains no reward, and if sinful, it suffers no punishment — and so carefully fulfills its Creator’s command, then most certainly we.’
כִּי מִנֶּגֶד תִּרְאֶה אֶת־הָאָרֶץ וְשָׁמָּה לֹא תָבוֹא אֶל־הָאָרֶץ אֲשֶׁר־אֲנִי נֹתֵן לִבְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ {פ}
For from afar will you see the land but you will not come there to the land that I am giving to Bnei Yisroel.’’
For from afar will you see the land but you will not come there to the land that I am giving to Bnei Yisroel.’’
Rashi
כי מנגד. מֵרָחוֹק:
For from afar. At a distance.
תראה וגו'. אִם לֹא תִרְאֶנָּה עַכְשָׁו, לֹא תִרְאֶנָּה עוֹד בְּחַיֶּיךָ, עַל כֵּן אֲנִי אוֹמֵר לְךָ עֲלֵה וּרְאֵה:
You will see, etc. For if you will not see it now, you will never see it again in your lifetime.
ושמה לא תבוא. וְיָדַעְתִּי כִּי חֲבִיבָה הִיא לְךָ, עַל כֵּן אֲנִי אוֹמֵר לְךָ עֲלֵה וּרְאֵה:
But you will not come there. I know that it is precious to you. This is why I say to you, “Go up and see!”
הוא והושע בן נון. שַׁבָּת שֶׁל דְּיוֹזְגִי הָיְתָה, נִטְּלָה רְשׁוּת מִזֶּה וְנִתְּנָה לָזֶה, הֶעֱמִיד לוֹ מֹשֶׁה מְתֻרְגְּמָן לִיהוֹשֻׁעַ שֶׁיְּהֵא דוֹרֵשׁ בְּחַיָּיו, כְּדֵי שֶׁלֹּא יֹאמְרוּ יִשְׂרָאֵל בְּחַיֵּי רַבְּךָ לֹא הָיָה לְךָ לְהָרִים רֹאשׁ; וְלָמָּה קוֹרְאֵהוּ כָּאן הוֹשֵׁעַ? לוֹמַר שֶׁלֹּא זָחָה דַעְתּוֹ עָלָיו שֶׁאַעַ"פִּ שֶׁנִּתְּנָה לוֹ גְּדֻלָּה הִשְׁפִּיל עַצְמוֹ כַּאֲשֶׁר מִתְּחִלָּתוֹ (עי' ספרי):
He and Hoshe’a, the son of Nun. It was a Shabbos of shared quality, when leadership was removed from one and conferred upon the other. Moshe arranged for a public crier for Yehoshua, to enable him to expound during his lifetime, so that the Israelites would not say, ‘During your master’s lifetime you were unable to lift your head!’ And why is he entitled here “Hoshe’a”? To teach that he was not conceited, for, although leadership was conferred upon him, he was as unassuming as originally.