Devarim
Ki Tavo, Aliyah 5 כי תבוא, חמישי
Part of: Ki TavoKi Tavo, Aliyah 5Chapter 27Chapter 28Petuchah, Deuteronomy 28:1Setumah, Deuteronomy 27:11Setumah, Deuteronomy 27:15Setumah, Deuteronomy 27:16Setumah, Deuteronomy 27:17Setumah, Deuteronomy 27:18Setumah, Deuteronomy 27:19Setumah, Deuteronomy 27:21Setumah, Deuteronomy 27:22Setumah, Deuteronomy 27:23Setumah, Deuteronomy 27:24Setumah, Deuteronomy 27:25Setumah, Deuteronomy 27:26
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Devarim 27
וַיְצַו מֹשֶׁה אֶת־הָעָם בַּיּוֹם הַהוּא לֵאמֹֽר׃
Moshe commanded the people on that day, to say,
Moshe commanded the people on that day, to say,
אֵלֶּה יַֽעַמְדוּ לְבָרֵךְ אֶת־הָעָם עַל־הַר גְּרִזִים בְּעׇבְרְכֶם אֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּן שִׁמְעוֹן וְלֵוִי וִֽיהוּדָה וְיִשָּׂשכָר וְיוֹסֵף וּבִנְיָמִֽן׃
‘‘The following will stand to bless the people on Mount Gerizim, upon your crossing the Yardein: Shimon and Levi and Yehudah, and Yisachar and Yoseif and Binyomin.
‘‘The following will stand to bless the people on Mount Gerizim, upon your crossing the Yardein: Shimon and Levi and Yehudah, and Yisachar and Yoseif and Binyomin.
Rashi
וְאֵלֶּה יַֽעַמְדוּ עַל־הַקְּלָלָה בְּהַר עֵיבָל רְאוּבֵן גָּד וְאָשֵׁר וּזְבוּלֻן דָּן וְנַפְתָּלִֽי׃
And the following will stand for the curse at Mount Eival: Reuvein, Gad and Asher, and Zevulun, Don and Naftoli.
And the following will stand for the curse at Mount Eival: Reuvein, Gad and Asher, and Zevulun, Don and Naftoli.
וְעָנוּ הַלְוִיִּם וְאָמְרוּ אֶל־כׇּל־אִישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵל קוֹל רָֽם׃ {ס}
The Levi’im are to respond and say to every man of Yisroel aloud:
The Levi’im are to respond and say to every man of Yisroel aloud:
אָרוּר הָאִישׁ אֲשֶׁר יַעֲשֶׂה פֶסֶל וּמַסֵּכָה תּוֹעֲבַת יְהֹוָה מַעֲשֵׂה יְדֵי חָרָשׁ וְשָׂם בַּסָּתֶר וְעָנוּ כׇל־הָעָם וְאָמְרוּ אָמֵֽן׃ {ס}
‘Cursed is the man who makes a statue or a molten image, Adonoy’s abomination, the handiwork of a craftsman, and places [it] in a secret [place];’ the entire people will respond and say, Amein.
‘Cursed is the man who makes a statue or a molten image, Adonoy’s abomination, the handiwork of a craftsman, and places [it] in a secret [place];’ the entire people will respond and say, Amein.
אָרוּר מַקְלֶה אָבִיו וְאִמּוֹ וְאָמַר כׇּל־הָעָם אָמֵֽן׃ {ס}
‘Cursed is whoever reviles his father or his mother,’ and the entire people will say, Amein.
‘Cursed is whoever reviles his father or his mother,’ and the entire people will say, Amein.
Rashi
מקלה אביו. מְזַלְזֵל, לְשׁוֹן "וְנִקְלָה אָחִיךָ" (דברים כ"ה):
Whoever reviles his father. To denigrate. This means the same as “Your brother shall be denigrated.”[25:3]
אָרוּר מַסִּיג גְּבוּל רֵעֵהוּ וְאָמַר כׇּל־הָעָם אָמֵֽן׃ {ס}
‘Cursed is whoever casts aside the boundary of his fellow;’ and the entire people will say, Amein.
‘Cursed is whoever casts aside the boundary of his fellow;’ and the entire people will say, Amein.
Rashi
מסיג גבול. מַחֲזִירוֹ לַאֲחוֹרָיו וְגוֹנֵב אֶת הַקַּרְקַע, לְשׁוֹן "וְהֻסַּג אָחוֹר" (ישעיהו נ"ט):
Whoever casts aside the boundary. Who casts it back, and steals the property. This means the same as “Has been cast back.”
אָרוּר מַשְׁגֶּה עִוֵּר בַּדָּרֶךְ וְאָמַר כׇּל־הָעָם אָמֵֽן׃ {ס}
‘Cursed is whoever misleads the blind about the way;’ and the entire people will say, Amein.
‘Cursed is whoever misleads the blind about the way;’ and the entire people will say, Amein.
Rashi
משגה עור. הַסּוּמָא בַדָּבָר וּמַשִּׂיאוֹ עֵצָה רָעָה:
Whoever misleads the blind. Blind concerning a particular matter, and he offers ill advice.
אָרוּר מַטֶּה מִשְׁפַּט גֵּר־יָתוֹם וְאַלְמָנָה וְאָמַר כׇּל־הָעָם אָמֵֽן׃*(ספק פרשה סתומה בכתר ארם צובה)
‘Cursed is whoever distorts justice for a convert, orphan, or widow;’ and entire people will say, Amein.
‘Cursed is whoever distorts justice for a convert, orphan, or widow;’ and entire people will say, Amein.
אָרוּר שֹׁכֵב עִם־אֵשֶׁת אָבִיו כִּי גִלָּה כְּנַף אָבִיו וְאָמַר כׇּל־הָעָם אָמֵֽן׃ {ס}
‘Cursed is whoever has intercourse with his father’s wife, because he exposed the corner of his father[’s garment];’ and the entire people will say, Amein.
‘Cursed is whoever has intercourse with his father’s wife, because he exposed the corner of his father[’s garment];’ and the entire people will say, Amein.
אָרוּר שֹׁכֵב עִם־כׇּל־בְּהֵמָה וְאָמַר כׇּל־הָעָם אָמֵֽן׃ {ס}
‘Cursed is whoever has intercourse with any animal;’ and the entire people will say, Amein.
‘Cursed is whoever has intercourse with any animal;’ and the entire people will say, Amein.
אָרוּר שֹׁכֵב עִם־אֲחֹתוֹ בַּת־אָבִיו אוֹ בַת־אִמּוֹ וְאָמַר כׇּל־הָעָם אָמֵֽן׃ {ס}
‘Cursed is whoever has intercourse with his sister, daughter of his father or daughter of his mother;’ and the entire people will say, Amein.
‘Cursed is whoever has intercourse with his sister, daughter of his father or daughter of his mother;’ and the entire people will say, Amein.
אָרוּר שֹׁכֵב עִם־חֹֽתַנְתּוֹ וְאָמַר כׇּל־הָעָם אָמֵֽן׃ {ס}
‘Cursed is whoever has intercourse with his father’s-in-law wife;’ and the entire people will say, Amein.
‘Cursed is whoever has intercourse with his father’s-in-law wife;’ and the entire people will say, Amein.
אָרוּר מַכֵּה רֵעֵהוּ בַּסָּתֶר וְאָמַר כׇּל־הָעָם אָמֵֽן׃ {ס}
‘Cursed is whoever strikes his fellow in secret;’ and the entire people will say, Amein.
‘Cursed is whoever strikes his fellow in secret;’ and the entire people will say, Amein.
Rashi
מכה רעהו בסתר. עַל לָשׁוֹן הָרָע הוּא אוֹמֵר; רָאִיתִי בִיסוֹדוֹ שֶׁל רַבִּי מֹשֶׁה הַדַּרְשָׁן — י"א אֲרוּרִים יֵשׁ כָּאן כְּנֶגֶד י"א שְׁבָטִים, וּכְנֶגֶד שִׁמְעוֹן לֹא כָתַב אָרוּר, לְפִי שֶׁלֹּא הָיָה בְלִבּוֹ לְבָרְכוֹ לִפְנֵי מוֹתוֹ כְּשֶׁבֵּרֵךְ שְׁאָר הַשְּׁבָטִים, לְכָךְ לֹא רָצָה לְקַלְּלוֹ:
Whoever strikes his fellow in secret. This refers to slander. I have seen [this] in R’ Moshe Hadarshan’s commentary: There are eleven curses here, corresponding to eleven tribes. However, corresponding to Shimon, no curse is recorded. Because he (Moshe) did not intend to bless him before his death, as he blessed the other tribes, he, therefore, did not want to curse him.
אָרוּר לֹקֵחַ שֹׁחַד לְהַכּוֹת נֶפֶשׁ דָּם נָקִי וְאָמַר כׇּל־הָעָם אָמֵֽן׃ {ס}
‘Cursed is whoever accepts a bribe to kill an innocent person;’ and the entire people will say, Amein.
‘Cursed is whoever accepts a bribe to kill an innocent person;’ and the entire people will say, Amein.
אָרוּר אֲשֶׁר לֹא־יָקִים אֶת־דִּבְרֵי הַתּוֹרָֽה־הַזֹּאת לַעֲשׂוֹת אוֹתָם וְאָמַר כׇּל־הָעָם אָמֵֽן׃ {פ}
‘Cursed is whoever does not uphold the statements of this Torah to perform them;’ and the entire people will say, Amein.
‘Cursed is whoever does not uphold the statements of this Torah to perform them;’ and the entire people will say, Amein.
Rashi
אשר לא יקים. כָּאן כָּלַל אֶת כָּל הַתּוֹרָה כֻּלָּהּ וְקִבְּלוּהָ עֲלֵיהֶם בְּאָלָה וּבִשְׁבוּעָה:
Whoever does not uphold. Here, he encompasses all of the Torah in its entirety, which they accepted by an imprecation and an oath.
Devarim 28
וְהָיָה אִם־שָׁמוֹעַ תִּשְׁמַע בְּקוֹל יְהֹוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ לִשְׁמֹר לַעֲשׂוֹת אֶת־כׇּל־מִצְוֺתָיו אֲשֶׁר אָנֹכִי מְצַוְּךָ הַיּוֹם וּנְתָנְךָ יְהֹוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ עֶלְיוֹן עַל כׇּל־גּוֹיֵי הָאָֽרֶץ׃
When you hearken and obey Adonoy, your God, to be sure to perform all of His commandments that I am commanding you today; Adonoy, your God, will place you superior to all the nations of the earth.
When you hearken and obey Adonoy, your God, to be sure to perform all of His commandments that I am commanding you today; Adonoy, your God, will place you superior to all the nations of the earth.
וּבָאוּ עָלֶיךָ כׇּל־הַבְּרָכוֹת הָאֵלֶּה וְהִשִּׂיגֻךָ כִּי תִשְׁמַע בְּקוֹל יְהֹוָה אֱלֹהֶֽיךָ׃
All these blessings will come upon you and will reach you, when you obey Adonoy, your God.
All these blessings will come upon you and will reach you, when you obey Adonoy, your God.
בָּרוּךְ אַתָּה בָּעִיר וּבָרוּךְ אַתָּה בַּשָּׂדֶֽה׃
Blessed are you in the city, and blessed are you in the field.
Blessed are you in the city, and blessed are you in the field.
בָּרוּךְ פְּרִֽי־בִטְנְךָ וּפְרִי אַדְמָתְךָ וּפְרִי בְהֶמְתֶּךָ שְׁגַר אֲלָפֶיךָ וְעַשְׁתְּרוֹת צֹאנֶֽךָ׃
Blessed is the fruit of your belly, and the produce of your soil, and the offspring of your animals, the issue of your cattle and the flocks of your sheep and goats.
Blessed is the fruit of your belly, and the produce of your soil, and the offspring of your animals, the issue of your cattle and the flocks of your sheep and goats.
Rashi
שגר אלפיך. וַלְדוֹת בְּקָרְךָ, שֶׁהַבְּהֵמָה מְשַׁגֶּרֶת מִמֵּעֶיהָ:
The issue of your cattle. The offspring of your cattle, which the animal sends forth from her stomach.
ועשתרות צאנך. כְּתַרְגּוּמוֹ. וְרַבּוֹתֵינוּ אָמְרוּ לָמָּה נִקְרָא שְׁמָם עַשְׁתָּרוֹת? שֶׁמַּעֲשִׁירוֹת אֶת בַּעֲלֵיהֶן וּמַחֲזִיקוֹת אוֹתָם כְּעַשְׁתָּרוֹת הַלָּלוּ שֶׁהֵן סְלָעִים חֲזָקִים:
And the flocks of your sheep. As Targum [Onkelos] renders. The Rabbis comment: Why are they called עַשְׁתָּרוֹת ? Because they enrich their owners and strengthen them, like the palisades, which are powerful cliffs.
בָּרוּךְ טַנְאֲךָ וּמִשְׁאַרְתֶּֽךָ׃
Blessed will be your [fruit] basket and your solid foods.
Blessed will be your [fruit] basket and your solid foods.
Rashi
ברוך טנאך. פֵּרוֹתֶיךָ; דָּ"אַ — טַנְאֲךָ דָּבָר לַח שֶׁאַתָּה מְסַנֵּן בְּסַלִּים:
Blessed will be your basket. Your fruit. Another interpretation: Your basket — liquids which you filter through baskets.
ומשארתך. דָּבָר יָבֵשׁ שֶׁנִּשְׁאַר בַּכְּלִי וְאֵינוֹ זָב:
And your solid foods. Solids, which remain in the utensil without dripping.
בָּרוּךְ אַתָּה בְּבֹאֶךָ וּבָרוּךְ אַתָּה בְּצֵאתֶֽךָ׃
You will be blessed at your arrival, and blessed at your departure.
You will be blessed at your arrival, and blessed at your departure.
Rashi
ברוך אתה בבאך וברוך אתה בצאתך. שֶׁתְּהֵי יְצִיאָתְךָ מִן הָעוֹלָם בְּלֹא חֵטְא כְּבִיאָתְךָ לָעוֹלָם (ב"מ ק"ז):
You will be blessed at your arrival, and blessed at your departure. For your departure from the world will be without sin, like your arrival into the world.
לברך את העם. כִּדְאִיתָא בְמַסֶּכֶת סוֹטָה (דף ל"ב): שִׁשָּׁה שְׁבָטִים עָלוּ לְרֹאשׁ הַר גְּרִיזִים וְשִׁשָּׁה לְרֹאשׁ הַר עֵיבָל וְהַכֹּהֲנִים וְהַלְוִיִּם וְהָאָרוֹן לְמַטָּה בָּאֶמְצַע, הָפְכוּ לְוִיִּים פְּנֵיהֶם כְּלַפֵּי הַר גְּרִיזִים וּפָתְחוּ בַבְּרָכָה, "בָּרוּךְ הָאִישׁ אֲשֶׁר לֹא יַעֲשֶׂה פֶסֶל וּמַסֵּכָה וְגוֹ'", וְאֵלּוּ וָאֵלּוּ עוֹנִין אָמֵן. חָזְרוּ וְהָפְכוּ פְּנֵיהֶם כְּלַפֵּי הַר עֵיבָל וּפָתְחוּ בַקְּלָלָה וְאוֹמְרִים "אָרוּר הָאִישׁ אֲשֶׁר יַעֲשֶׂה פֶסֶל וְגוֹ'", וְכֵן כֻּלָּם עַד "אָרוּר אֲשֶׁר לֹא יָקִים":
To bless the people. As stated in tractate Sotah. Six tribes ascended the summit of Mount Gerizim, and six the summit of Mount Eival, with the kohanim and Levi’im and the ark below, at the center. The Levi’im directed their faces toward Mount Gerizim, and began the blessing: ‘Blessed is the man who does not make a sculpture or molten idol, etc.’ These, and the others as well, answered, Amein. They turned, directed their faces toward Mount Eival, and began the curse, saying: ‘Cursed is the man who makes a sculpture, etc.’ [These, and the others as well, answered Amein. They turned, directed their faces toward Mount Gerizim, and said: ‘Blessed is the one who does not revile his father or mother,’ etc. Then they turned, directed their faces toward Mount Eival, saying: ‘Cursed is the one who reviles his father or mother.’] Similarly with all of them, until ‘Cursed is whoever does not uphold.’