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Devarim 11

11:26

רְאֵה אָנֹכִי נֹתֵן לִפְנֵיכֶם הַיּוֹם בְּרָכָה וּקְלָלָֽה׃

Look, I place before you today, a blessing and a curse.

Look, I place before you today, a blessing and a curse.

Rashi

ראה אנכי … ברכה וקללה. הָאֲמוּרוֹת בְּהַר גְּרִזִּים וּבְהַר עֵיבָל:

Look, I place a blessing and a curse. To be pronounced at Mount Gerizim and Mount Eival.

11:27

אֶֽת־הַבְּרָכָה אֲשֶׁר תִּשְׁמְעוּ אֶל־מִצְוֺת יְהֹוָה אֱלֹֽהֵיכֶם אֲשֶׁר אָנֹכִי מְצַוֶּה אֶתְכֶם הַיּֽוֹם׃

The blessing—that you heed the commandments of Adonoy, your God, that I am commanding you today.

The blessing—that you heed the commandments of Adonoy, your God, that I am commanding you today.

Rashi

את הברכה. עַל מְנָת אֲשֶׁר תִּשְׁמְעוּ:

The blessing. On condition that you listen.

11:28

וְהַקְּלָלָה אִם־לֹא תִשְׁמְעוּ אֶל־מִצְוֺת יְהֹוָה אֱלֹֽהֵיכֶם וְסַרְתֶּם מִן־הַדֶּרֶךְ אֲשֶׁר אָנֹכִי מְצַוֶּה אֶתְכֶם הַיּוֹם לָלֶכֶת אַחֲרֵי אֱלֹהִים אֲחֵרִים אֲשֶׁר לֹֽא־יְדַעְתֶּֽם׃ {ס}        

And the curse—if you do not heed the commandments of Adonoy, your God, and you veer from the course which I command you this day, to follow other gods which you did not know.

And the curse—if you do not heed the commandments of Adonoy, your God, and you veer from the course which I command you this day, to follow other gods which you did not know.

Rashi

מן הדרך אשר אנכי מצוה אתכם היום ללכת וגו'. הָא לָמַדְתָּ כָּל הָעוֹבֵד עֲ"זָ הֲרֵי הוּא סָר מִכָּל הַדֶּרֶךְ שֶׁנִּצְטַוּוּ יִשְׂרָאֵל, מִכָּאן אָמְרוּ הַמּוֹדֶה בַּעֲ"זָ כְּכוֹפֵר בְּכָל הַתּוֹרָה כֻלָּהּ (ספרי):

From the course which I command you this day, to follow. This teaches that anyone who worships idols has strayed from the entire course commanded to Yisroel. From here it is derived that anyone who admits to idolatry denies the entire Torah.

11:29

וְהָיָה כִּי יְבִֽיאֲךָ יְהֹוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ אֶל־הָאָרֶץ אֲשֶׁר־אַתָּה בָא־שָׁמָּה לְרִשְׁתָּהּ וְנָתַתָּה אֶת־הַבְּרָכָה עַל־הַר גְּרִזִים וְאֶת־הַקְּלָלָה עַל־הַר עֵיבָֽל׃

When Adonoy, your God, has brought you to the land that you are coming to inherit, you shall place the blessers on Mount Gerizim and the cursers on Mount Eival.

When Adonoy, your God, has brought you to the land that you are coming to inherit, you shall place the blessers on Mount Gerizim and the cursers on Mount Eival.

Rashi

ונתתה את הברכה. כְּתַרְגּוּמוֹ "יָת מְבָרְכַיָּא" – אֶת הַמְבָרְכִים:

You shall place the blessers. As Targum [Onkelos] renders, יָת מְבָרְכַיּאָ, “The blessers.”

על הר גרזים. כְּלַפֵּי הַר גְּרִזִּים הוֹפְכִין פְּנֵיהֶם וּפָתְחוּ בִּבְרָכָה – בָּרוךְ הָאִישׁ אֲשֶׁר לֹא יַעֲשֶׂה פֶסֶל וּמַסֵּכָה וְגוֹ'. כָּל הָאֲרוּרִים שֶׁבַּפָּרָשָׁה אָמְרוּ תְחִלָּה בִּלְשׁוֹן בָּרוּךְ, וְאַחַר כָּךְ הָפְכוּ פְנֵיהֶם כְּלַפֵּי הַר עֵיבָל וּפָתְחוּ בִּקְלָלָה (סוטה ל"ג):

On Mount Gerizim. Towards Mount Gerizim they turned their faces, and opened with the blessing, “Blessed is the man who does not make a sculptured or molten, etc.” All the curses in that chapter were first recited with the word “blessed.” Then they turned their faces towards Mount Eival, and opened with the curse.

11:30

הֲלֹא־הֵמָּה בְּעֵבֶר הַיַּרְדֵּן אַֽחֲרֵי דֶּרֶךְ מְבוֹא הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ בְּאֶרֶץ הַֽכְּנַעֲנִי הַיֹּשֵׁב בָּעֲרָבָה מוּל הַגִּלְגָּל אֵצֶל אֵלוֹנֵי מֹרֶֽה׃

Are they not across the Yardein and far beyond, along the route of the sunset? In the land of the Canaanites who dwell on the Arava Plain, opposite Gilgol, next to the Moreh Plain.

Are they not across the Yardein and far beyond, along the route of the sunset? In the land of the Canaanites who dwell on the Arava Plain, opposite Gilgol, next to the Moreh Plain.

Rashi

הלא המה. נָתַן בָּהֶם סִימָן:

Are they not. This provides the landmarks.

אחרי. אַחַר הַעֲבָרַת הַיַּרְדֵּן הַרְבֵּה וָהָלְאָה לְמֵרָחוֹק; וְזֶהוּ לְשׁוֹן אַחֲרֵי, כָּל מָקוֹם שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר אַחֲרֵי מֻפְלָג הוּא:

Far beyond. Far after the crossing of the Yardein, in the distance beyond, as indicated by the word “beyond.” Wherever אַחֲרֵי — “beyond” is mentioned, the reference is to great distance.

דרך מבוא השמש. לְהַלָּן מִן הַיַּרְדֵּן לְצַד מַעֲרָב, וְטַעַם הַמִּקְרָא מוֹכִיחַ שֶׁהֵם שְׁנֵי דְבָרִים, שֶׁנִּנְקְדוּ בִשְׁנֵי טְעָמִים, "אַחֲרֵי" נָקוּד בְּפַשְׁטָא, וְ"דֶרֶךְ" נָקוּד בְּמַשְׁפֵּל, וְהוּא דָּגֵשׁ, וְאִם הָיָה "אַחֲרֵי דֶרֶךְ" דִּבּוּר אֶחָד, הָיָה נָקוּד "אַחֲרֵי" בִּמְשָׁרֵת, בְּשׁוֹפָר הָפוּךְ, וְ"דֶרֶךְ" בְּפַשְׁטָא וְרָפֶה:

Along the route of the sunset. Beyond the Yardein, toward the west. The cantillation of the passage proves that they are two matters, since they are punctuated with two cantillation symbols; אַחֲרֵי, “far beyond,” is punctuated with the pashta symbol, while דֶרֶךְ, “the route,” is punctuated with the mishpal symbol, and is dotted. If אַחֲרֵי דֶּרֶךְ, “far beyond the route,” were a single phrase, then אַחֲרֵי, “far beyond,” would be punctuated with the meshares symbol — the reverse shofar — and דֶּרֶךְ, “route,” would be punctuated with the pashta symbol, and would be undotted.

מול הגלגל. רָחוֹק מִן הַגִּלְגָּל:

Opposite Gilgal. At a distance from Gilgal.

אלוני מרה. שְׁכֶם הוּא, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (בראשית י"ב) עַד מְקוֹם שְׁכֶם עַד אֵלוֹן מוֹרֶה (ספרי):

Moreh Plain. This was Shechem, as it is said, “Until the territory of Shechem — until Moreh Plain.”

11:31

כִּי אַתֶּם עֹבְרִים אֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּן לָבֹא לָרֶשֶׁת אֶת־הָאָרֶץ אֲשֶׁר־יְהֹוָה אֱלֹהֵיכֶם נֹתֵן לָכֶם וִֽירִשְׁתֶּם אֹתָהּ וִֽישַׁבְתֶּם־בָּֽהּ׃

For you shall pass across the Yardein to come to inherit the land that Adonoy, your God, is giving you; you will inherit it and will dwell in it.

For you shall pass across the Yardein to come to inherit the land that Adonoy, your God, is giving you; you will inherit it and will dwell in it.

Rashi

כי אתם עברים את הירדן וגו'. נִסִּים שֶׁל יַרְדֵּן יִהְיוּ סִימָן בְּיֶדְכֶם שֶׁתָּבֹאוּ וְתִירְשׁוּ אֶת הָאָרֶץ (עי' ספרי):

For you shall pass across the Yardein, etc. The miracles at the Yardein will portend, for you, that you will enter the land and take possession of it.

11:32

וּשְׁמַרְתֶּם לַעֲשׂוֹת אֵת כׇּל־הַֽחֻקִּים וְאֶת־הַמִּשְׁפָּטִים אֲשֶׁר אָנֹכִי נֹתֵן לִפְנֵיכֶם הַיּֽוֹם׃

You will guard to fulfill all the statutes and the laws that I am setting before you today.

You will guard to fulfill all the statutes and the laws that I am setting before you today.

Devarim 12

12:1

אֵלֶּה הַֽחֻקִּים וְהַמִּשְׁפָּטִים אֲשֶׁר תִּשְׁמְרוּן לַעֲשׂוֹת בָּאָרֶץ אֲשֶׁר נָתַן יְהֹוָה אֱלֹהֵי אֲבֹתֶיךָ לְךָ לְרִשְׁתָּהּ כׇּל־הַיָּמִים אֲשֶׁר־אַתֶּם חַיִּים עַל־הָאֲדָמָֽה׃

These are the statutes and the laws that you will guard to fulfill in the land that Adonoy, God of your forefathers, has given to inherit, all the years that you are alive on the land.

These are the statutes and the laws that you will guard to fulfill in the land that Adonoy, God of your forefathers, has given to inherit, all the years that you are alive on the land.

12:2

אַבֵּד תְּאַבְּדוּן אֶֽת־כׇּל־הַמְּקֹמוֹת אֲשֶׁר עָֽבְדוּ־שָׁם הַגּוֹיִם אֲשֶׁר אַתֶּם יֹרְשִׁים אֹתָם אֶת־אֱלֹהֵיהֶם עַל־הֶהָרִים הָֽרָמִים וְעַל־הַגְּבָעוֹת וְתַחַת כׇּל־עֵץ רַעֲנָֽן׃

You must obliterate all the places where the nations worshipped, whom you are inheriting, their gods, on the high mountains, and on the hills, and under every evergreen tree.

You must obliterate all the places where the nations worshipped, whom you are inheriting, their gods, on the high mountains, and on the hills, and under every evergreen tree.

Rashi

אבד תאבדון. אַבֵּד וְאַחַר כָּךְ תְּאַבְּדוּן, מִכָּאן לָעוֹקֵר עֲ"זָ שֶׁצָּרִיךְ לְשָׁרֵשׁ אַחֲרֶיהָ (עבודה זרה מ"ה):

You must obliterate. Destroy, then destroy afterward. This teaches that, when destroying idolatry, one must tear out the roots.

את כל המקמות אשר עבדו שם וגו'. וּמַה תְּאַבְּדוּן מֵהֶם? אֶת אֱלֹהֵיהֶם אֲשֶׁר עַל הֶהָרִים:

All of the places where the nations worshipped, etc. What must you obliterate from them? ‘Their gods on the mountains.’

12:3

וְנִתַּצְתֶּם אֶת־מִזְבְּחֹתָם וְשִׁבַּרְתֶּם אֶת־מַצֵּבֹתָם וַאֲשֵֽׁרֵיהֶם תִּשְׂרְפוּן בָּאֵשׁ וּפְסִילֵי אֱלֹֽהֵיהֶם תְּגַדֵּעוּן וְאִבַּדְתֶּם אֶת־שְׁמָם מִן־הַמָּקוֹם הַהֽוּא׃

You are to break apart their altars, and you are to smash their pillars, and their asherahs are you to burn in fire, and the statues of their gods are you to cut down; and you are to obliterate their name from that place.

You are to break apart their altars, and you are to smash their pillars, and their asherahs are you to burn in fire, and the statues of their gods are you to cut down; and you are to obliterate their name from that place.

Rashi

מזבח. שֶׁל אֲבָנִים הַרְבֵּה:

Altar. Composed of a number of stones.

מצבה. שֶׁל אֶבֶן אַחַת, וְהוּא בִּימוֹס שֶׁשְּׁנוּיָה בַּמִּשְׁנָה (עבודה זרה מ"ז): אֶבֶן שֶׁחֲצָבָהּ מִתְּחִלָּתָהּ לְבִימוֹס:

Pillar. Single-stoned. This is the ‘bimus’ mentioned in the Mishnah, ‘A stone quarried originally as a bimus.’

אשרה. אִילָן הַנֶּעֱבָד:

Asherah. A tree that was worshipped.

ואבדתם את שמם. לְכַנּוֹת לָהֶם שֵׁם לִגְנַאי, בֵּית גַּלְיָא — קוֹרִין לָהּ בֵּית כַּרְיָא, עֵין כֹּל — עֵין קוֹץ (שם ל"ו):

Obliterate their name. Give them degrading nicknames. ”The house of exaltation,” entitle “The house of ruin.” “Universal vision” — “Thorny vision.”

12:4

לֹֽא־תַעֲשׂוּן כֵּן לַיהֹוָה אֱלֹהֵיכֶֽם׃

Do not act this way to Adonoy, your God.

Do not act this way to Adonoy, your God.

Rashi

לא תעשון כן. לְהַקְטִיר לַשָּׁמַיִם בְּכָל מָקוֹם, כִּי אִם בַּמָּקוֹם אֲשֶׁר יִבְחַר. דָּ"אַ — ונתצתם את מזבחתם, ואבדתם את שמם, לא תעשון כן. אַזְהָרָה לַמּוֹחֵק אֶת הַשֵּׁם וְלַנּוֹתֵץ אֶבֶן מִן הַמִּזְבֵּחַ אוֹ מִן הָעֲזָרָה (מכות כ"ב). אָמַר רַ' יִשְׁמָעֵאל וְכִי תַעֲלֶה עַל דַּעְתְּךָ שֶׁיִּשְׂרָאֵל נוֹתְצִין אֶת הַמִּזְבְּחוֹת? אֶלָּא שֶׁלֹּא תַעֲשׂוּ כְמַעֲשֵׂיהֶם וְיִגְרְמוּ עֲוֹנוֹתֵיכֶם לְמִקְדַּשׁ אֲבוֹתֵיכֶם שֶׁיִּתְחָרֵב (ספרי):

Do not act this way. By bringing burnt-offerings for the sake of Heaven anywhere except for the place [God] will select. Another interpretation. ‘Smash their altars, obliterate their names — do not act this way. . .’ This prohibits erasing the sacred name, and breaking an altar stone, or a Temple courtyard stone. Rebbi Yishmael said, ‘Is it conceivable that an Israelite would smash altars? Rather, do not act as they do, whereby your iniquity would cause the ruin of the Temple of your forefathers.’

12:5

כִּי אִֽם־אֶל־הַמָּקוֹם אֲשֶׁר־יִבְחַר יְהֹוָה אֱלֹֽהֵיכֶם מִכׇּל־שִׁבְטֵיכֶם לָשׂוּם אֶת־שְׁמוֹ שָׁם לְשִׁכְנוֹ תִדְרְשׁוּ וּבָאתָ שָּֽׁמָּה׃

Rather at the place that Adonoy, your God, chooses from all your tribes to set His Presence there, will you seek His Presence and come there.

Rather at the place that Adonoy, your God, chooses from all your tribes to set His Presence there, will you seek His Presence and come there.

Rashi

לשכנו תדרשו. זֶה מִשְׁכַּן שִׁילֹה:

Seek His Presence. This refers to the Tabernacle at Shiloh.

12:6

וַהֲבֵאתֶם שָׁמָּה עֹלֹֽתֵיכֶם וְזִבְחֵיכֶם וְאֵת מַעְשְׂרֹתֵיכֶם וְאֵת תְּרוּמַת יֶדְכֶם וְנִדְרֵיכֶם וְנִדְבֹתֵיכֶם וּבְכֹרֹת בְּקַרְכֶם וְצֹאנְכֶֽם׃

You are to bring there your burnt-offerings and your sacred-offerings, and your tithes and the elevation of your hands, and your pledges, and your donations, and the firstborn of your cattle and your flocks.

You are to bring there your burnt-offerings and your sacred-offerings, and your tithes and the elevation of your hands, and your pledges, and your donations, and the firstborn of your cattle and your flocks.

Rashi

וזבחיכם. שְׁלָמִים שֶׁל חוֹבָה:

Your sacred offerings. Obligatory shelamim-offerings.

מעשרתיכם. מַעְשַׂר בְּהֵמָה וּמַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי, לֶאֱכֹל לִפְנִים מִן הַחוֹמָה:

Your tithes. The animal tithe and the second tithe, to be eaten within the walls [of Jerusalem].

תרומת ידכם. אֵלּוּ הַבִּכּוּרִים, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר בָּהֶם (דברים כ"ו) וְלָקַח הַכֹּהֵן הַטֶּנֶא מִיָּדֶךָ (עי' ספרי):

The elevation of your hands. This refers to the first bikurim- fruits, concerning which it is said, “The kohein shall take the basket from your hand.”

ובכרת בקרכם. לְתִתָּם לַכֹּהֵן וְיַקְרִיבֵם שָׁם:

The first born of your cattle. To give to the kohein, so that he may offer them up there.

12:7

וַאֲכַלְתֶּם־שָׁם לִפְנֵי יְהֹוָה אֱלֹֽהֵיכֶם וּשְׂמַחְתֶּם בְּכֹל מִשְׁלַח יֶדְכֶם אַתֶּם וּבָתֵּיכֶם אֲשֶׁר בֵּֽרַכְךָ יְהֹוָה אֱלֹהֶֽיךָ׃

You are to eat there before Adonoy, your God, and you will be happy with the sum of your handiwork, you and your households, as Adonoy, your God, has blessed you.

You are to eat there before Adonoy, your God, and you will be happy with the sum of your handiwork, you and your households, as Adonoy, your God, has blessed you.

Rashi

אשר ברכך ה'. לְפִי הַבְּרָכָה הָבֵא (ספרי):

As Adonoy has blessed you. According to the blessing, bring.

12:8

לֹא תַעֲשׂוּן כְּכֹל אֲשֶׁר אֲנַחְנוּ עֹשִׂים פֹּה הַיּוֹם אִישׁ כׇּל־הַיָּשָׁר בְּעֵינָֽיו׃

You may not do everything we do here today, each what is upright in his eyes.

You may not do everything we do here today, each what is upright in his eyes.

Rashi

לא תעשון ככל אשר אנחנו עשים וגו'. מוּסָב לְמַעְלָה עַל כי אתם עברים את הירדן וגו', כְּשֶׁתַּעַבְרוּ אֶת הַיַּרְדֵּן מִיָּד אַתֶּם מֻתָּרִים לְהַקְרִיב בְּבָמָה כָּל י"ד שָׁנָה שֶׁל כִּבּוּשׁ וְחִלּוּק, וּבַבָּמָה לֹא תַקְרִיבוּ כָּל מַה שֶּׁאַתֶּם מַקְרִיבִים פה היום בַּמִּשְׁכָּן, שֶׁהוּא עִמָּכֶם וְנִמְשַׁח וְהוּא כָשֵׁר לְהַקְרִיב בּוֹ חַטָּאוֹת וַאֲשָׁמוֹת נְדָרִים וּנְדָבוֹת, אֲבָל בְּבָמָה אֵין קָרֵב אֶלָּא הַנִּדָּר וְהַנִּדָּב, וְזֶהוּ איש כל הישר בעיניו, נְדָרִים וּנְדָבוֹת, שֶׁאַתֶּם מִתְנַדְּבִים עַ"יְ שֶׁיָּשָׁר בְּעֵינֵיכֶם לַהֲבִיאָם וְלֹא עַ"יְ חוֹבָה, אוֹתָם תַּקְרִיבוּ בַּבָּמָה (שם; זבחים קי"ז):

You may not do everything we do, etc. This continues from above, from “For you shall pass across the Yardein, etc.” When you cross the Yardein, you will be immediately permitted to bring up offerings on the personal bamah-altar, thoughout all fourteen years of conquest and apportionment. However, on the personal bamah-altar, you may not offer everything you offer here, this day, at the Mishkan, which remains with you and has been anointed. This is an appropriate place for bringing sin-and guilt-offerings, and promissory and contributory-offerings. However, on the personal bamah-altar, nothing may be offered except for the promissory and contributory, And this is the meaning of “each what is upright in his eyes.” Promissory-and contributory offerings, That you donate because you feel it is proper to bring them and not because you must. These you may offer on a personal bamah-altar.

12:9

כִּי לֹא־בָאתֶם עַד־עָתָּה אֶל־הַמְּנוּחָה וְאֶל־הַֽנַּחֲלָה אֲשֶׁר־יְהֹוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ נֹתֵן לָֽךְ׃

For you will not have come as yet to the peace and to the territory that Adonoy, your God, is giving you.

For you will not have come as yet to the peace and to the territory that Adonoy, your God, is giving you.

Rashi

כי לא באתם. כָּל אוֹתָן י"ד שָׁנָה:

For you will not have come. Throughout those fourteen years.

עד עתה. כְּמוֹ עֲדַיִן:

As yet. Like “yet.”

אל המנוחה. זוֹ שִׁילֹה:

To the peace. This refers to Shiloh.

נחלה. זוֹ יְרוּשָׁלַיִם (ספרי; זבחים קי"ט):

The territory. This refers to Jerusalem.

12:10

וַעֲבַרְתֶּם אֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּן וִֽישַׁבְתֶּם בָּאָרֶץ אֲשֶׁר־יְהֹוָה אֱלֹהֵיכֶם מַנְחִיל אֶתְכֶם וְהֵנִיחַ לָכֶם מִכׇּל־אֹיְבֵיכֶם מִסָּבִיב וִֽישַׁבְתֶּם־בֶּֽטַח׃

When you cross the Yardein and settle in the land that Adonoy, your God, is apportioning to you, and He has granted you peace from all your enemies around, and you will live secure.

When you cross the Yardein and settle in the land that Adonoy, your God, is apportioning to you, and He has granted you peace from all your enemies around, and you will live secure.

Rashi

ועברתם את הירדן וישבתם בארץ. שֶׁתְּחַלְּקוּהָ וִיהֵא כָל אֶחָד מַכִּיר אֶת חֶלְקוֹ וְאֶת שִׁבְתּוֹ (נ"א – שִׁבְטוֹ):

When you cross the Yardein and settle in the land. When you have apportioned it, and everyone distinguishes his portion and his tribe.

והניח לכם. לְאַחַר כִּבּוּשׁ וְחִלּוּק וּמְנוּחָה מִן הַגּוֹיִם אֲשֶׁר הִנִּיחַ ה' לְנַסּוֹת בָּם אֶת יִשְׂרָאֵל – וְאֵין זוֹ אֶלָּא בִּימֵי דָוִד – אָז:

And He has granted you peace. After the conquest and apportionment, and peace with the nations whom Adonoy allowed to remain in order to test Yisroel — this did not occur until the time of Dovid — then:

Texts

  • Hebrew: Miqra according to the Masorah · License: CC-BY-SA
  • English: Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009 · License: CC-BY
  • Hebrew: Pentateuch with Rashi's commentary by M. Rosenbaum and A.M. Silbermann, 1929-1934 · License: PD
  • English: Rashi Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009 · License: CC-BY

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