Tanach
Divrei HaYamim II 9:1-12 דברי הימים ב ט׳:א׳-י״ב
Part of: Chapter 9
Reading: Hebrew · Simple EnglishHebrew · Faithful translationHebrew onlyHebrew · Simple EnglishHebrew · Faithful translationHebrew onlySimple English onlyFaithful translation onlySide by sideRashi
וּמַֽלְכַּת־שְׁבָא שָׁמְעָה אֶת־שֵׁמַע שְׁלֹמֹה וַתָּבוֹא לְנַסּוֹת אֶת־שְׁלֹמֹה בְחִידוֹת בִּירוּשָׁלַ͏ִם בְּחַיִל כָּבֵד מְאֹד וּגְמַלִּים נֹשְׂאִים בְּשָׂמִים וְזָהָב לָרֹב וְאֶבֶן יְקָרָה וַתָּבוֹא אֶל־שְׁלֹמֹה וַתְּדַבֵּר עִמּוֹ אֵת כׇּל־אֲשֶׁר הָיָה עִם־לְבָבָֽהּ׃
And when the queen of Sheva heard of the fame of Shelomo, she came to prove Shelomo with hard questions at Yerushalayim, with a very great retinue, and camels that carried spices, and gold in abundance, and precious stones: and when she was come to Shelomo, she spoke to him of all that was in her heart.
And when the queen of Sheva heard of the fame of Shelomo, she came to prove Shelomo with hard questions at Yerushalayim, with a very great retinue, and camels that carried spices, and gold in abundance, and precious stones: and when she was come to Shelomo, she spoke to him of all that was in her heart.
Rashi
בחידות. כמו (שופטים י״ד:י״ב) אחודה נא לכם חידה דשמשון:
with riddles - Heb. בְחִידוֹת like (Jud. 14:12): “Let me ask you a riddle (אָחוּדָה נָא לָכֶם חִידָה),” [in the story] of Samson.
וַיַּגֶּד־לָהּ שְׁלֹמֹה אֶת־כׇּל־דְּבָרֶיהָ וְלֹֽא־נֶעְלַם דָּבָר מִשְּׁלֹמֹה אֲשֶׁר לֹא הִגִּיד לָֽהּ׃
And Shelomo answered her all her questions: and there was nothing hidden from Shelomo which he did not tell her.
And Shelomo answered her all her questions: and there was nothing hidden from Shelomo which he did not tell her.
Rashi
ולא נעלם דבר. כיון שראתה שהגיד לה הכל לא נעלם דבר ממה ששאלה אשר הגיד לה אז הודתה על השמועה כי אמת שמעה ובתרגום מגלת אסתר שם כתובים קצת מן החידות אשר שאלתו:
and nothing was hidden Since she saw that he told her everything, and nothing that she asked him was hidden, she admitted that the report she had heard was true. In the Targum (Sheni) of Megillath Esther (1:2), some of the riddles that she asked him are written.
וַתֵּרֶא מַֽלְכַּת־שְׁבָא אֵת חׇכְמַת שְׁלֹמֹה וְהַבַּיִת אֲשֶׁר בָּנָֽה׃
And when the queen of Sheva had seen the wisdom of Shelomo, and the house that he had built,
And when the queen of Sheva had seen the wisdom of Shelomo, and the house that he had built,
וּמַאֲכַל שֻׁלְחָנוֹ וּמוֹשַׁב עֲבָדָיו וּמַעֲמַד מְשָׁרְתָיו וּמַלְבּוּשֵׁיהֶם וּמַשְׁקָיו וּמַלְבּוּשֵׁיהֶם וַֽעֲלִיָּתוֹ אֲשֶׁר יַעֲלֶה בֵּית יְהֹוָה וְלֹא־הָיָה עוֹד בָּהּ רֽוּחַ׃
and the food at his table, and the sitting of his servants, and the attendance of his ministers, and their apparel; his cupbearers also, and their apparel; and his ascent by which he went up into the house of the Lord; there was no more spirit in her.
and the food at his table, and the sitting of his servants, and the attendance of his ministers, and their apparel; his cupbearers also, and their apparel; and his ascent by which he went up into the house of the Lord; there was no more spirit in her.
Rashi
ומאכל שלחנו. ברבורים ומיני מעדנים העולים על שלחנו לרוב:
And the food of his table fowl (I Kings 5:3) and kinds of delicacies that were served on his table in abundance.
ומושב עבדיו. שכל אחד ואחד היה מכיר את מקומו כשהיו יושבים על השולחן ורואי פני המלך תדיר לא היה א' רשאי לישב במקום חבירו כל ימי חייו:
and the seating of his servants That each one recognized his place when they were seated at the table, and of those who constantly saw the king’s face, no one was allowed to sit in his neighbor’s place all the days of his life.
ומעמד משרתיו. כל אחד ואחד היה מחזיק במעמד שלו ובשירות שלו ולא היה משנה למחר:
and the station of his attendants Each one would retain his station and his position, and he would not change it the next day.
ומלבושיהם. לא כמלבושיהם שהם לבושים היום לובשים למחר:
and their attire The attire that they would wear tomorrow was not the same as, the attire that they wore today.
ומשקיו. רוב משקיו:
and his cupbearers most of his cupbearers.
ועליתו. מסלות עליותיו אשר יעלה עליהם מביתו לבית ה':
and his ascent the stairway by which he ascended from his palace to the Temple.
ולא היה עוד בה רוח. שהיתה סבורה שאין חכמה בכל המלכיות כי אם בארצה וכמו חכמיה כי ארצה במזרח ולפיכך הם חכמים ביותר לפי שמסתכלין במזלות כדאיתא בפרק קמא דראש השנה לדידן מכסי סיהרא י"ח שעו' דארץ ישראל במערב בבל וזהו שכתוב ותרב חכמת שלמה מכל חכמת בני קדם שהם היו במזרח כדכתיב ויהי בנסע' מקדם (בראשית י"א) ומכל חכמת מצרים שהיו מכשפים חרטומים ואשפים וחכם היה בטיי"ר כך כתיב בפסיקתא טייר הוא ל' ערבי ובויקרא רבה בפ' בן המצרי כי עוף השמים יוליך את הקול (קהלת) זה עורב וחכמת טויארי:
and she was breathless because she thought that there was no wisdom in any of the kingdoms but in her own country and like that of her wise men, because her country was in the east; they were wise because they were stargazers, as is stated in the first chapter of Tractate Rosh Hashanah, for Eretz Israel is west of Babylon, and that is what is written (I Kings 5:10): “And Solomon’s wisdom was greater than the wisdom of all the children of the east,” for they were in the east, as it is written (Gen. 11: 2): “And it came to pass as they migrated from the east.” (I Kings 5:10) “And all the wisdom of Egypt,” for they were sorcerers, necromancers, and astrologers, and he was wise in divination (טַיִיר). So it is written in Pesikta (d’Rav Kahana p. 33b). The word (טַיִיר) is Arabic, and in Leviticus Rabbah (32:2), in the chapter dealing with the son of the Egyptian (24:10): (Eccl. 10:20): “for a bird of the air shall carry the voice.” This is the raven and refers to the art of bird divination (טוּיאַרִי).
וַתֹּאמֶר אֶל־הַמֶּלֶךְ אֱמֶת הַדָּבָר אֲשֶׁר שָׁמַעְתִּי בְּאַרְצִי עַל־דְּבָרֶיךָ וְעַל־חׇכְמָתֶֽךָ׃
And she said to the king, It was a true report which I heard in my own land of thy acts, and of thy wisdom:
And she said to the king, It was a true report which I heard in my own land of thy acts, and of thy wisdom:
וְלֹא־הֶאֱמַנְתִּי לְדִבְרֵיהֶם עַד אֲשֶׁר־בָּאתִי וַתִּרְאֶינָה עֵינַי וְהִנֵּה לֹא הֻגַּד־לִי חֲצִי מַרְבִּית חׇכְמָתֶךָ יָסַפְתָּ עַל־הַשְּׁמוּעָה אֲשֶׁר שָׁמָֽעְתִּי׃
but I did not believe their words, until I came, and my eyes had seen it: and, behold, the one half of the greatness of thy wisdom was not told me: for thou dost exceed the fame that I heard.
but I did not believe their words, until I came, and my eyes had seen it: and, behold, the one half of the greatness of thy wisdom was not told me: for thou dost exceed the fame that I heard.
Rashi
חצי מרבית. רבוי חכמות:
half of your abundant [wisdom] The many wisdoms.
אַשְׁרֵי אֲנָשֶׁיךָ וְאַשְׁרֵי עֲבָדֶיךָ אֵלֶּה הָעֹמְדִים לְפָנֶיךָ תָּמִיד וְשֹׁמְעִים אֶת־חׇכְמָתֶֽךָ׃
Happy are thy men, and happy are these thy servants, who stand continually before thee, and hear thy wisdom.
Happy are thy men, and happy are these thy servants, who stand continually before thee, and hear thy wisdom.
יְהִי יְהֹוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ בָּרוּךְ אֲשֶׁר ׀ חָפֵץ בְּךָ לְתִתְּךָ עַל־כִּסְאוֹ לְמֶלֶךְ לַֽיהֹוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ בְּאַהֲבַת אֱלֹהֶיךָ אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵל לְהַעֲמִידוֹ לְעוֹלָם וַיִּתֶּנְךָ עֲלֵיהֶם לְמֶלֶךְ לַעֲשׂוֹת מִשְׁפָּט וּצְדָקָֽה׃
Blessed be the Lord thy God, who delighted in thee to set thee on his throne, to be king for the Lord thy God: because thy God loved Yisra᾽el, to establish them for ever, therefore he made thee king over them, to do judgment and justice.
Blessed be the Lord thy God, who delighted in thee to set thee on his throne, to be king for the Lord thy God: because thy God loved Yisra᾽el, to establish them for ever, therefore he made thee king over them, to do judgment and justice.
וַתִּתֵּן לַמֶּלֶךְ מֵאָה וְעֶשְׂרִים ׀ כִּכַּר זָהָב וּבְשָׂמִים לָרֹב מְאֹד וְאֶבֶן יְקָרָה וְלֹא הָיָה כַּבֹּשֶׂם הַהוּא אֲשֶׁר־נָתְנָה מַֽלְכַּת־שְׁבָא לַמֶּלֶךְ שְׁלֹמֹֽה׃
And she gave the king a hundred and twenty talents of gold, and of spices great abundance, and precious stones: nor was there any such spice as the queen of Sheva gave king Shelomo.
And she gave the king a hundred and twenty talents of gold, and of spices great abundance, and precious stones: nor was there any such spice as the queen of Sheva gave king Shelomo.
וְגַם־עַבְדֵי (חירם) [חוּרָם] וְעַבְדֵי שְׁלֹמֹה אֲשֶׁר־הֵבִיאוּ זָהָב מֵאוֹפִיר הֵבִיאוּ עֲצֵי אַלְגּוּמִּים וְאֶבֶן יְקָרָֽה׃
And the servants also of Ḥuram, and the servants of Shelomo, who brought gold from Ofir, brought algum trees and precious stones.
And the servants also of Ḥuram, and the servants of Shelomo, who brought gold from Ofir, brought algum trees and precious stones.
Rashi
עצי אלגומים. מפרש בפסיקת' כתוב אחד אומר אלמוגים וכתוב אחד אומר אלגומים אלא אלגומים שמם ונקרא אלמוגים לפי שהיה מתמוגג ונכפף מתוך רכיכתו כמו כוסות שהוא נכפף מתוך חשיבתו:
algom wood In Pesikta it is explained: One verse (I Kings 10:11) says אַלְמֻגִּים, and one verse says אַלְגּוּמִּים. The truth is that its name is אַלְגּוּמִּים, but it is called אַלְמֻגִּים because it melted and bent because of its softness, (like cups, which bend because of their value.)
וַיַּעַשׂ הַמֶּלֶךְ אֶת־עֲצֵי הָאַלְגּוּמִּים מְסִלּוֹת לְבֵית־יְהֹוָה וּלְבֵית הַמֶּלֶךְ וְכִנֹּרוֹת וּנְבָלִים לַשָּׁרִים וְלֹא־נִרְאוּ כָהֵם לְפָנִים בְּאֶרֶץ יְהוּדָֽה׃
And of the algum trees the king made steps for the house of the Lord, and for the king’s palace, and lyres and lutes for singers: and there were none such seen before in the land of Yehuda.
And of the algum trees the king made steps for the house of the Lord, and for the king’s palace, and lyres and lutes for singers: and there were none such seen before in the land of Yehuda.
Rashi
מסלות. מדרגות (ובמלכים א' י') כתיב מסעד כדרך שעושין לעולין בדרך מעלות ומדרגות וי"א מסעד ומסילה אחד הם:
a path מְסִלּוֹת, stairs. In I Kings (10:12) it is written מִסְעָד, [a support] after the manner that they make for those who ascend by way of elevated places and stairs. Some say that מִסְעָד and מְסִילָה are one and the same.
וכנרות ונבלים לשרים. י"א לבני לוי המשוררים בכלי שיר ור' אליעזר זצ"ל פי' לשרים המשוררים לטייל לפני המלך דוגמא (שם ד') ויהי שירו חמשה ואלף הם שירות של חול שעשה לשורר לפניו לטייל והוא שכתוב (לקמן ל"ה) ויקונן ירמיה על יאשיהו ויאמרו כל השרים והשרות וגו':
and harps and psalteries for the singers Some say (Jonathan and Rashi to Kings) for the Levites who sing with musical instruments, and Rabbi Eliezer explained it to mean: for the singers who stroll before the king. A similar case is (I Kings 5:12): “and his songs were a thousand and five.” These were secular songs that he composed to sing before him, and that is what is meant (below 35:25): “And Jeremiah lamented over Josiah, and all the male singers and the female singers recited in their lamentations, etc.”
וְהַמֶּלֶךְ שְׁלֹמֹה נָתַן לְמַֽלְכַּת־שְׁבָא אֶת־כׇּל־חֶפְצָהּ אֲשֶׁר שָׁאָלָה מִלְּבַד אֲשֶׁר־הֵבִיאָה אֶל־הַמֶּלֶךְ וַֽתַּהֲפֹךְ וַתֵּלֶךְ לְאַרְצָהּ הִיא וַעֲבָדֶֽיהָ׃ {פ}
And king Shelomo gave to the queen of Sheva all that she desired, whatever she asked, besides that which she had brought to the king. So she turned, and went away to her own land, she and her servants.
And king Shelomo gave to the queen of Sheva all that she desired, whatever she asked, besides that which she had brought to the king. So she turned, and went away to her own land, she and her servants.
Rashi
מלבד אשר הביאה. משום כבוד מלכי יהודה כתיב כאן דמשמע שהיא נתנה לו יותר ממה שנתן לה ובמלכים (שם י) כתיב מלבד אשר נתן לה כיד המלך דברים המצויין בא"י ואינם מצויין במקומ':
aside from that which she brought This is written here in deference to the honor of the kings of Judah; it means that she gave him more than he gave her, and in I Kings (10:13) it is written: “aside from that which he gave her according to King [Solomon’s] ability.” [He gave her] things that were common in the land of Israel, but were not common in her country.
לנסות את שלמה. אם אמת מה ששמעה מחכמתו ובאה לנסותו:
to test Solomon whether that which she had heard about his wisdom was true, and she came to test him.