Reading: Hebrew · Simple EnglishHebrew · Faithful translationHebrew onlyHebrew · Simple EnglishHebrew · Faithful translationHebrew onlySimple English onlyFaithful translation onlySide by sideRashi

5:1

שִׁמְעוּ־זֹאת הַכֹּהֲנִים וְהַקְשִׁיבוּ ׀ בֵּית יִשְׂרָאֵל וּבֵית הַמֶּלֶךְ הַאֲזִינוּ כִּי לָכֶם הַמִּשְׁפָּט כִּי־פַח הֱיִיתֶם לְמִצְפָּה וְרֶשֶׁת פְּרוּשָׂה עַל־תָּבֽוֹר׃

Hear this, O priests; and hearken, O house of Yisra᾽el; and give ear, O house of the king; for yours is the judgment, because you have been a snare on Miżpa, and a net spread upon Tavor.

Hear this, O priests; and hearken, O house of Yisra᾽el; and give ear, O house of the king; for yours is the judgment, because you have been a snare on Miżpa, and a net spread upon Tavor.

Rashi

כי לכם המשפט. משפט היסורין עליכם בית המלך ישר' כי אתם הייתם פח על המצפה ורשת על תבור על שני הרים הללו הושיבו פרדסיאות לשמור שלא יעלו ישראל לרגל לבית המקדש:

for yours is the judgment The judgment of torments is upon you, O house of the king, for you have been a snare at Mizpah and a net on Tabor. On these two mountains they stationed sentries so that Israel would not make the pilgrimage to the Temple.

5:2

וְשַׁחֲטָה שֵׂטִים הֶעְמִיקוּ וַאֲנִי מוּסָר לְכֻלָּֽם׃

And the apostates are deep dyed in slaughter, and I am rejected by them all.

And the apostates are deep dyed in slaughter, and I am rejected by them all.

Rashi

ושחטה שטים העמיקו. משך שטיות' העמיקו אני אמרתי כל שאינו עולה לרגל עובר בעשה והם גזרו כל העול' לרגל יהרג הרי שהעמיקו יותר ממני ושחטה לשון זהב שחוט (מלכים א י׳:ט״ז) נמשך ונטוה וי"ת ל' שחיטת זבחים לעכו"ם:

The extent of their straying they have deepened The extent of their straying they have deepened. I said that anyone who does not go up to Jerusalem on the Pilgrimage festivals transgresses a positive commandment, and they decreed that anyone who does go up to Jerusalem shall be put to death. Hence, they went deeper than I. I.e., they were more stringent than I (Sanhedrin 102a). The word שַחֲטָה, translated as ‘extent’ is an expression similar to זָהָב שָׁחוּט, “malleable gold” (I Kings 10:16) stretched and spun. Jonathan, however, renders it as an expression of slaughtering sacrifices to idols.

ואני מוסר לכולם. ואף אני אייסרם ביסורין אכין מוסר לכולן:

and I [will bring] chastisement to all of them Lit. And I too will chastise them with torments, I will prepare chastisement for all of them.

5:3

אֲנִי יָדַעְתִּי אֶפְרַיִם וְיִשְׂרָאֵל לֹא־נִכְחַד מִמֶּנִּי כִּי עַתָּה הִזְנֵיתָ אֶפְרַיִם נִטְמָא יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃

I know Efrayim and Yisra᾽el is not hid from me: for now, O Efrayim, thou committest harlotry, and Yisra᾽el is defiled.

I know Efrayim and Yisra᾽el is not hid from me: for now, O Efrayim, thou committest harlotry, and Yisra᾽el is defiled.

Rashi

כי עתה הזנית אפרים. עד הושע בן אלה היו תולין הקלקלה במלכיהון שהיו מעכבין אותן מלעלות לרגל עמד זה ובטל פרדיסאות ולא עלו לפיכך גלו כי עתה הזנית אפרים ואין להם לתלות במלך כן למדתי בסדר עולם:

for now you have committed harlotry, O Ephraim Until Hosea son of Elah, they blamed their sins on their kings, who prevented them from going on the pilgrimages. This one arose and abolished the sentries; yet they did not go up. Therefore, they were exiled. For now you have committed harlotry, O Ephraim, and they cannot blame the king. I learned this in Seder Olam (ch. 22).

5:4

לֹא יִתְּנוּ מַעַלְלֵיהֶם לָשׁוּב אֶל־אֱלֹֽהֵיהֶם כִּי רוּחַ זְנוּנִים בְּקִרְבָּם וְאֶת־יְהֹוָה לֹא יָדָֽעוּ׃

Their doings will not allow them to return to their God: for the spirit of harlotry is in the midst of them, and they have not known the Lord.

Their doings will not allow them to return to their God: for the spirit of harlotry is in the midst of them, and they have not known the Lord.

Rashi

לא יתנו מעלליהם. לא יעזבו דרכם הרעה כמו (שיר ב) נתן ריחו (ראשית לא) ולא נתנו להרע עמדי (במדבר כ״א:כ״ג) ולא נתן סיחון:

They do not abandon their deeds Heb. יִתְּנוּ, lit. give. They do not abandon their evil way. Comp. (Gen. 31:7) “And God did not allow him (נְתָנוֹ)”; (Num. 21:23) “And Sihon did not permit (נָתַן)”; (Song 1:12) “abandoned (נָתַן) its fragrance.”

5:5

וְעָנָה גְאֽוֹן־יִשְׂרָאֵל בְּפָנָיו וְיִשְׂרָאֵל וְאֶפְרַיִם יִכָּֽשְׁלוּ בַּעֲוֺנָם כָּשַׁל גַּם־יְהוּדָה עִמָּֽם׃

And the pride of Yisra᾽el does testify to his face: therefore shall Yisra᾽el and Efrayim stumble in their iniquity; Yehuda also shall stumble with them.

And the pride of Yisra᾽el does testify to his face: therefore shall Yisra᾽el and Efrayim stumble in their iniquity; Yehuda also shall stumble with them.

Rashi

וענה גאון ישראל. וימאך יקר דישראל כמו (שמות י) לענות מפני לשון עוני והכנעה:

And the pride of Israel shall be humbled Heb. וְעָנָה. Jonathan renders: And the pride of Israel shall be humbled. Comp. (Exodus 10:13) “to humble yourself (לֵעָנֹת) from before Me.” An expression of poverty and humility.

בפניו. ואינון חזן ודונש בן לברט פירשו לשון עדות בבא להם פורענות' יעיד בהם ובפניהם גאוה וגובה שהיו מתגאין ועוברין על רצוני:

before them Jonathan renders: and they see. And Dunash ben Livrat explained it (וְעָנָה) as an expression of testimony; when their retribution comes to them, the pride and haughtiness, which they were haughty, and transgressing My will, will testify against them and before them. [from Teshuvoth Dunash, p.79]

5:6

בְּצֹאנָם וּבִבְקָרָם יֵלְכוּ לְבַקֵּשׁ אֶת־יְהֹוָה וְלֹא יִמְצָאוּ חָלַץ מֵהֶֽם׃

They shall go with their flocks and with their herds to seek the Lord; but they shall not find him; he has withdrawn himself from them.

They shall go with their flocks and with their herds to seek the Lord; but they shall not find him; he has withdrawn himself from them.

Rashi

בצאנם ובבקרם. בקרבנותיה':

With their flocks and with their cattle With their sacrifices.

חלץ. נשמט כמו (שמואל ב ב׳:כ״א) וקח לך את חליצתם בגדים שתשמיט מעליהם:

He has withdrawn Heb. חָלַץ, slipped away. Comp. (II Sam. 2:21) “and take to yourself his clothing (חֲלִצָתוֹ),” the clothing that you will slip off them.

5:7

בַּיהֹוָה בָּגָדוּ כִּי־בָנִים זָרִים יָלָדוּ עַתָּה יֹאכְלֵם חֹדֶשׁ אֶת־חֶלְקֵיהֶֽם׃ {ס}        

They have dealt treacherously against the Lord: for they have begotten strange children: now shall a month devour them with their portions.

They have dealt treacherously against the Lord: for they have begotten strange children: now shall a month devour them with their portions.

Rashi

בנים זרים ילדו. שנתחתנו עם עכו"ם:

for they begot strange children for they intermarried among the nations.

יאכלם חדש. חדש אב:

a month shall consume them The month of Av.

5:8

תִּקְעוּ שׁוֹפָר בַּגִּבְעָה חֲצֹצְרָה בָּרָמָה הָרִיעוּ בֵּית אָוֶן אַחֲרֶיךָ בִּנְיָמִֽין׃

Blow the shofar in Giv῾a, and the trumpet in Rama: cry loud at Bet-aven, They are after thee, O Binyamin.

Blow the shofar in Giv῾a, and the trumpet in Rama: cry loud at Bet-aven, They are after thee, O Binyamin.

Rashi

תקעו שופר. שיזהרו להשמר מן חרב הגייסות שיבאו עליה':

Sound a shofar so that they take care to beware of the sword of the troops that will come upon them.

הריעו בית און. אחריך הגייס הולך אתה בנימין זאת הריעו בבית און וי"ת תקעו שופר בשורת חרב באה בעון שהמליכו עליהם את שאול שהיה בגבעה ולא שמעו לקול שמואל שהיה מן הרמה ומלכיהם גרמו להם לסור מאחרי כגון ירבעם וחביריו הריעו עליהם און ושבר גדול:

shout [in] Beth-aven “After you the troop is coming, you Benjamin!” You shall shout this in Beth-aven. Jonathan, however, renders: Sound a shofar: [O prophets, raise your voices like a shofar.] The news of the sword which is coming as retribution for the iniquity of crowning Saul, who was in Gibeah, and for disobeying Samuel, who was from Ramah. And their kings caused them to turn away from following Me, such as Jeroboam and his ilk. Shout over them, “Violence and great destruction!”

אחריך בנימין. על שאחרתם וחזרתם אחור מלעלו' לרגל לב"המ שהוא בחלקו של בנימין:

“After you, Benjamin!” Since you delayed and hesitated to go on the pilgrimages to the Temple, which is in Benjamin’s territory.

אחריך בנימין. על איחורך את בנימין:

Because of your delay of Benjamin. [explaining according to Targum Jonathan]

5:9

אֶפְרַיִם לְשַׁמָּה תִֽהְיֶה בְּיוֹם תּוֹכֵחָה בְּשִׁבְטֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל הוֹדַעְתִּי נֶאֱמָנָֽה׃

Efrayim shall be desolate in the day of rebuke: among the tribes of Yisra᾽el I have made known that which shall surely be.

Efrayim shall be desolate in the day of rebuke: among the tribes of Yisra᾽el I have made known that which shall surely be.

Rashi

לשמה תהיה ביום תוכחה. וכשאבא להתווכח עמהם ישומו ויהיו תוהים ואין מענה בפיהם למה כי בשבטי ישראל הודעתי תורה נאמנה והם עברו עליה:

shall be bewildered on the day of contention When I come to debate with them, they will be bewildered and will wonder, and they will have no answer in their mouth. Why? Because, among the tribes of Israel I made known a true Torah, and they transgressed it. [Another explanation:]

אפרים לשמה וגו'. בשבטי ישראל הודעתי נאמנה ר' אבוהו בשם ר' אחא ב"ר חנינא אמר ביום שיתווכח עמהם הקב"ה בדין לא יהיה להם פתחון פה שהרי בשבטים הודעתי שהדין דין אמת אתה מוצא כשגלו עשרת השבטים לא גלו יהודה ובנימין והיו עשרת השבטים אומרים מפני שהם בני פלטין שלו לא הגלה אותן משוא פנים יש בדבר חס ושלום אין משוא פנים אלא עדיין לא נתמלאה סאתם כיון שחטאו גלו אז שמעו עשרת השבטים מאין מענה בפיה' ואמרו הא אלהא הא תקיף הא קשוט דאפילו לבני ביתיה לא נסיב אפין לקיים מה שנא' בשבטי ישראל הודעתי נאמנה:

Ephraim shall be bewildered etc. among the tribes of Israel I made known a true [judgment] Said Rabbi Abahu in the name of Rabbi Yose bar Chanina. On the day that the Holy One, blessed be He, debates with them in judgment, they will not be able to open their mouths, for among their tribes I made known that the judgment is a true judgment. You find that, when the ten tribes were exiled, Benjamin and Judah were not exiled, and the ten tribes were saying, Because they are the dwellers of His palace, He did not exile them. There is favoritism in this matter. God forbid, there is no favoritism, but their measure of sin was not yet full. As soon as they sinned, they were exiled. Then the ten tribes were bewildered, without an answer in their mouths, and they said, “Behold God! Behold the Mighty One! Behold the Just One! For even to those who dwell in His house He shows no favoritism.” This is to fulfill what is stated: Among the tribes of Israel I made known a true judgment. [from Lam. Rabbah, Proem 6]

5:10

הָיוּ שָׂרֵי יְהוּדָה כְּמַסִּיגֵי גְּבוּל עֲלֵיהֶם אֶשְׁפּוֹךְ כַּמַּיִם עֶבְרָתִֽי׃

The princes of Yehuda are like them that remove the landmark: therefore I will pour out my wrath upon them like water.

The princes of Yehuda are like them that remove the landmark: therefore I will pour out my wrath upon them like water.

Rashi

כמסיגי גבול. כאד' המדביק גבול חבירו כך הם מהרו לאחוז בדרכי ישראל חבריה' המלכים לפיכך עליהם אשפוך וגומר וכמשמעו היו גוזלים שדות אך קשה בעיני כי היה לו לכתוב מסיגי גבול ולא כמסיגי:

like those who remove the landmark As a person who attaches the landmark of his neighbor, so did they hasten to grasp the ways of Israel, their colleagues, the kings. Therefore, “upon them will I pour My wrath like water.” And, according to its apparent meaning, they were stealing fields. But it is difficult to me, since he should have written. מַסִיגֵי גְבוּל, those who remove the landmark, not כְּמַסִיגֵי like those who remove.

5:11

עָשׁוּק אֶפְרַיִם רְצוּץ מִשְׁפָּט כִּי הוֹאִיל הָלַךְ אַחֲרֵי־צָֽו׃

Efrayim is oppressed and crushed in judgment, because he willingly walked after vanity.

Efrayim is oppressed and crushed in judgment, because he willingly walked after vanity.

Rashi

עשוק אפרים. ביד העכו"ם:

Ephraim is plundered in the hands of the nations.

רצוץ משפט. מיוסר ביסורים ולמה לו כל זאת כי הואיל ורצה והלך אחרי צוואות חדשות של נביאי הבעל:

broken by judgment Chastised with torments. Now why does he suffer with all this? Because he wished and desired and followed the new commands of the prophets of Baal.

5:12

וַאֲנִי כָעָשׁ לְאֶפְרָיִם וְכָרָקָב לְבֵית יְהוּדָֽה׃

Therefore will I be to Efrayim as a moth, and to the house of Yehuda as rottenness.

Therefore will I be to Efrayim as a moth, and to the house of Yehuda as rottenness.

Rashi

וכרקב. תולעת האוכל העץ ושוחקו:

and like decay A worm which eats the wood and pulverizes it.

5:13

וַיַּרְא אֶפְרַיִם אֶת־חׇלְיוֹ וִֽיהוּדָה אֶת־מְזֹרוֹ וַיֵּלֶךְ אֶפְרַיִם אֶל־אַשּׁוּר וַיִּשְׁלַח אֶל־מֶלֶךְ יָרֵב וְהוּא לֹא יוּכַל לִרְפֹּא לָכֶם וְלֹא־יִגְהֶה מִכֶּם מָזֽוֹר׃

When Efrayim saw his sickness, and Yehuda saw his wound, then Efrayim went to Ashshur, and sent to king Yarev: but he is not able to heal you, nor cure you of your wound.

When Efrayim saw his sickness, and Yehuda saw his wound, then Efrayim went to Ashshur, and sent to king Yarev: but he is not able to heal you, nor cure you of your wound.

Rashi

מזורו. לשון חולי:

his pain Heb. מְזֹרוֹ, an expression of illness.

וילך אפרים אל אשור. זה הושע בן אלה שהיה לו לעבד וישב וימרוד (מלכים ב י״ז:א׳):

and Ephraim went to Assyria This is Hosea son of Elah, who was his vassal and then rebelled against him (II Kings 17:4).

וישלח. יהודה:

and he sent i.e., Judah sent.

אל מלך ירב. זה אחז שנתן שוחד לתגלת פלאסר לעוזרו על רצין מלך ארם ופקח בן רמליה (מלכי' ב טז):

to the king of Yarev This refers to Ahaz, who gave a bribe to Tiglath-pileser to assist him against Rezin the king of Aram and Pekah son of Remaliah (II Kings 16:8).

והוא לא יוכל לרפוא לכם. מהרבה גדודים מפלשתי' וערביים שבאו על אחז כמו שמפורש בדברי הימים (ב כד) כי חלק אחז את בית ה' ויתן למלך אשור ולא לעזרה לו:

but he will not be able to heal you from the many bands of Philistines and Arabs that attacked Ahaz, as is related in Chronicles (II 28:21): “For Ahaz divided the house of the Lord etc. and he gave it to the king of Assyria, but he did not help him.”

ולא יגהה מכם מזור. לא יסור מכם מכאוב ואומר אני שהוא מן התיבות ההפוכות ל' כאשר הוגה מן המסלה (שמואל ב כ׳:י״ג) הורו והוגו מלב (ישעיהו נ״ט:י״ג) הגו סיגים מכסף (משלי כ״ה:ד׳):

and he will not remove the pain from you Heb. וְלֹא יִגְהֶה מִכֶּם מָזוֹר. And I say that it is one of the words whose radicals are transposed. This is an expression similar to (II Sam. 20:13) “When he was removed (הוֹגָה) from the highway”; (Isaiah 59:13) “sprouting and giving forth (והוֹגוֹ) from the heart”; (Prov. 25:4), “take away (הָגוֹ) the dross from the silver.”

5:14

כִּי אָנֹכִי כַשַּׁחַל לְאֶפְרַיִם וְכַכְּפִיר לְבֵית יְהוּדָה אֲנִי אֲנִי אֶטְרֹף וְאֵלֵךְ אֶשָּׂא וְאֵין מַצִּֽיל׃

For I will be to Efrayim as a lion, and as a young lion to the house of Yehuda: I, even I, will tear and go away; I will take away, and there shall be none to deliver.

For I will be to Efrayim as a lion, and as a young lion to the house of Yehuda: I, even I, will tear and go away; I will take away, and there shall be none to deliver.

Rashi

אשא ואין מציל. אשא את הטרף:

I will carry off and no one will rescue I will carry off the prey.

5:15

אֵלֵךְ אָשׁוּבָה אֶל־מְקוֹמִי עַד אֲשֶֽׁר־יֶאְשְׁמוּ וּבִקְשׁוּ פָנָי בַּצַּר לָהֶם יְשַׁחֲרֻֽנְנִי׃

I will go and return to my place, till they acknowledge their offence, and seek my face: in their affliction they will seek me, saying,

I will go and return to my place, till they acknowledge their offence, and seek my face: in their affliction they will seek me, saying,

Rashi

אלך. אסתלק מהם ואשובה אל השמים:

I will go away I will withdraw from them and return to the heaven.

עד אשר יאשמו. יחזיקו עצמם כאשמים להודות על אשמתם:

until they admit their guilt i. e., until they consider themselves guilty, to confess their guilt.

ישחרונני. יבקשונני:

they will seek Me Heb. יִשַׁחֲרֻנְנִי.

Texts

  • Hebrew: Miqra according to the Masorah · License: CC-BY-SA
  • English: The Koren Jerusalem Bible · License: CC-BY-NC
  • Hebrew: On Your Way · License: PD
  • English: The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg · License: CC-BY

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