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21:1

וַיְהִי אַחַר הַדְּבָרִים הָאֵלֶּה כֶּרֶם הָיָה לְנָבוֹת הַיִּזְרְעֵאלִי אֲשֶׁר בְּיִזְרְעֶאל אֵצֶל הֵיכַל אַחְאָב מֶלֶךְ שֹׁמְרֽוֹן׃

After these things [this occured.] Navos, the Yizreili had a vineyard, which was located in Yizrel, next to the palace of Achov, the king of Shomron.

After these things [this occured.] Navos, the Yizreili had a vineyard, which was located in Yizrel, next to the palace of Achov, the king of Shomron.

Rashi

ויהי אחר הדברים האלה. עוד אחרת לקרב מיתתו:

After these things [this occurred]. Yet another [incident] to bring his death near.

21:2

וַיְדַבֵּר אַחְאָב אֶל־נָבוֹת ׀ לֵאמֹר ׀ תְּנָה־לִּי אֶֽת־כַּרְמְךָ וִיהִי־לִי לְגַן־יָרָק כִּי הוּא קָרוֹב אֵצֶל בֵּיתִי וְאֶתְּנָה לְךָ תַּחְתָּיו כֶּרֶם טוֹב מִמֶּנּוּ אִם טוֹב בְּעֵינֶיךָ אֶתְּנָֽה־לְךָ כֶסֶף מְחִיר זֶֽה׃

Achov spoke to Navos, saying, “Give me your vineyard, and I will have it for a vegetable garden, for it is close, next to my house. I will give you as a replacement a vineyard that is better than it; or if it pleases you, I will give you an amount of silver the worth of this one.”

Achov spoke to Navos, saying, “Give me your vineyard, and I will have it for a vegetable garden, for it is close, next to my house. I will give you as a replacement a vineyard that is better than it; or if it pleases you, I will give you an amount of silver the worth of this one.”

Rashi

מחיר זה. הכרם הזה:

The worth of this one. This vineyard.1Achov did not attempt to take this vineyard by force because he was afraid of a popular rebellion if he were to act unjustly.—Radak

21:3

וַיֹּאמֶר נָבוֹת אֶל־אַחְאָב חָלִילָה לִּי מֵֽיְהֹוָה מִתִּתִּי אֶת־נַחֲלַת אֲבֹתַי לָֽךְ׃

And Navos said to Achov, “I am forbidden from Adonoy to give the inheritance of my fathers to you.”

And Navos said to Achov, “I am forbidden from Adonoy to give the inheritance of my fathers to you.”

21:4

וַיָּבֹא אַחְאָב אֶל־בֵּיתוֹ סַר וְזָעֵף עַל־הַדָּבָר אֲשֶׁר־דִּבֶּר אֵלָיו נָבוֹת הַיִּזְרְעֵאלִי וַיֹּאמֶר לֹא־אֶתֵּן לְךָ אֶת־נַחֲלַת אֲבוֹתָי וַיִּשְׁכַּב עַל־מִטָּתוֹ וַיַּסֵּב אֶת־פָּנָיו וְלֹא־אָכַל לָֽחֶם׃

And Achov came to his house dejected and angry over the matter that Navos, the Yizreili, had spoken to him, and said “I will not give you the inheritance of my fathers.” And he [Achov] lay down on his bed, turned away his face and would not eat bread.

And Achov came to his house dejected and angry over the matter that Navos, the Yizreili, had spoken to him, and said “I will not give you the inheritance of my fathers.” And he [Achov] lay down on his bed, turned away his face and would not eat bread.

21:5

וַתָּבֹא אֵלָיו אִיזֶבֶל אִשְׁתּוֹ וַתְּדַבֵּר אֵלָיו מַה־זֶּה רוּחֲךָ סָרָה וְאֵינְךָ אֹכֵל לָֽחֶם׃

Ezevel, his wife came to him and spoke to him; “What happened that your spirit is dejected, and you do not eat bread?”

Ezevel, his wife came to him and spoke to him; “What happened that your spirit is dejected, and you do not eat bread?”

21:6

וַיְדַבֵּר אֵלֶיהָ כִּֽי־אֲדַבֵּר אֶל־נָבוֹת הַיִּזְרְעֵאלִי וָאֹמַר לוֹ תְּנָה־לִּי אֶֽת־כַּרְמְךָ בְּכֶסֶף אוֹ אִם־חָפֵץ אַתָּה אֶתְּנָֽה־לְךָ כֶרֶם תַּחְתָּיו וַיֹּאמֶר לֹא־אֶתֵּן לְךָ אֶת־כַּרְמִֽי׃

And he spoke to her [the following;] “Because I spoke to Navos, the Yizreili, and I said to him, ‘Give me your vineyard for money, or if you want, I will give you a vineyard instead of it;’ and he said, ‘I will not give you my vineyard.’”

And he spoke to her [the following;] “Because I spoke to Navos, the Yizreili, and I said to him, ‘Give me your vineyard for money, or if you want, I will give you a vineyard instead of it;’ and he said, ‘I will not give you my vineyard.’”

21:7

וַתֹּאמֶר אֵלָיו אִיזֶבֶל אִשְׁתּוֹ אַתָּה עַתָּה תַּעֲשֶׂה מְלוּכָה עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵל קוּם אֱכׇל־לֶחֶם וְיִטַב לִבֶּךָ אֲנִי אֶתֵּן לְךָ אֶת־כֶּרֶם נָבוֹת הַיִּזְרְעֵאלִֽי׃

And his wife, Ezevel, said to him, “Are you now acting in a manner befitting kingship over Yisroel? Get up eat bread and let your heart feel good. I will give you the vineyard of Navos the Yizreili.

And his wife, Ezevel, said to him, “Are you now acting in a manner befitting kingship over Yisroel? Get up eat bread and let your heart feel good. I will give you the vineyard of Navos the Yizreili.

21:8

וַתִּכְתֹּב סְפָרִים בְּשֵׁם אַחְאָב וַתַּחְתֹּם בְּחֹתָמוֹ וַתִּשְׁלַח (הספרים) [סְפָרִים] אֶל־הַזְּקֵנִים וְאֶל־הַחֹרִים אֲשֶׁר בְּעִירוֹ הַיֹּשְׁבִים אֶת־נָבֽוֹת׃

She wrote letters, in the name of Achov and sealed them with his seal, and she sent the letters to the elders and the nobles who were in his city, who sat with Navos.

She wrote letters, in the name of Achov and sealed them with his seal, and she sent the letters to the elders and the nobles who were in his city, who sat with Navos.

Rashi

אל הזקנים. זקני אשמאי, סבי דבהתא:

To the elders. Wicked elders, elders of shame.

21:9

וַתִּכְתֹּב בַּסְּפָרִים לֵאמֹר קִֽרְאוּ־צוֹם וְהֹשִׁיבוּ אֶת־נָבוֹת בְּרֹאשׁ הָעָֽם׃

She wrote in the letters saying, “Proclaim a day of fasting, and seat Navos at the head of the people.

She wrote in the letters saying, “Proclaim a day of fasting, and seat Navos at the head of the people.

Rashi

קראו צום. וביום צום דרכם לבדוק בעבירות שבידם:

Proclaim a day of fasting. On a fast day it was their custom to examine their sins.

21:10

וְהוֹשִׁיבוּ שְׁנַיִם אֲנָשִׁים בְּנֵֽי־בְלִיַּעַל נֶגְדּוֹ וִיעִדֻהוּ לֵאמֹר בֵּרַכְתָּ אֱלֹהִים וָמֶלֶךְ וְהוֹצִיאֻהוּ וְסִקְלֻהוּ וְיָמֹֽת׃

Then seat two wicked men opposite him, and let them testify, saying, ‘You cursed God and the king.’ Then take him out and stone him, and he will die.”

Then seat two wicked men opposite him, and let them testify, saying, ‘You cursed God and the king.’ Then take him out and stone him, and he will die.”

21:11

וַיַּעֲשׂוּ אַנְשֵׁי עִירוֹ הַזְּקֵנִים וְהַחֹרִים אֲשֶׁר הַיֹּֽשְׁבִים בְּעִירוֹ כַּאֲשֶׁר שָׁלְחָה אֲלֵיהֶם אִיזָבֶל כַּאֲשֶׁר כָּתוּב בַּסְּפָרִים אֲשֶׁר שָׁלְחָה אֲלֵיהֶֽם׃

The men of his city took action [together with] the elders and nobles who lived in his city, [and did] as Ezevel sent them, as was written in the letters that she had sent to them.

The men of his city took action [together with] the elders and nobles who lived in his city, [and did] as Ezevel sent them, as was written in the letters that she had sent to them.

21:12

קָרְאוּ צוֹם וְהֹשִׁיבוּ אֶת־נָבוֹת בְּרֹאשׁ הָעָֽם׃

They proclaimed a day of fasting and sat Navos at the head of the people.

They proclaimed a day of fasting and sat Navos at the head of the people.

21:13

וַיָּבֹאוּ שְׁנֵי הָאֲנָשִׁים בְּנֵֽי־בְלִיַּעַל וַיֵּשְׁבוּ נֶגְדּוֹ וַיְעִדֻהוּ אַנְשֵׁי הַבְּלִיַּעַל אֶת־נָבוֹת נֶגֶד הָעָם לֵאמֹר בֵּרַךְ נָבוֹת אֱלֹהִים וָמֶלֶךְ וַיֹּצִאֻהוּ מִחוּץ לָעִיר וַיִּסְקְלֻהוּ בָאֲבָנִים וַיָּמֹֽת׃

The two wicked men came and sat opposite him. The wicked men testified against Navos in front of the people saying, “Navos cursed God and the king.” They took him outside the city and stoned him with stones and he died.

The two wicked men came and sat opposite him. The wicked men testified against Navos in front of the people saying, “Navos cursed God and the king.” They took him outside the city and stoned him with stones and he died.

Rashi

ברך נבות. חילוף של קללה, ותרגום: גדיף נבות קדם ה' ומלכא לט:

Navos cursed. A euphemism for curse. And Targum [Yonoson rendered], Navos blasphemed against God and cursed the king.2Thus making him liable to death for either offense. The reason for mentioning both offenses is to arouse the people’s anger against Navos and thereby he would be executed quickly. See Maseches Sanhedrin 48b.—Metzudas Dovid

21:14

וַֽיִּשְׁלְחוּ אֶל־אִיזֶבֶל לֵאמֹר סֻקַּל נָבוֹת וַיָּמֹֽת׃

They sent [a message] to Ezevel saying, “Navos was stoned and he is dead.”

They sent [a message] to Ezevel saying, “Navos was stoned and he is dead.”

21:15

וַֽיְהִי כִּשְׁמֹעַ אִיזֶבֶל כִּי־סֻקַּל נָבוֹת וַיָּמֹת וַתֹּאמֶר אִיזֶבֶל אֶל־אַחְאָב קוּם רֵשׁ אֶת־כֶּרֶם ׀ נָבוֹת הַיִּזְרְעֵאלִי אֲשֶׁר מֵאֵן לָתֶת־לְךָ בְכֶסֶף כִּי אֵין נָבוֹת חַי כִּי־מֵֽת׃

When Ezevel heard that Navos was stoned and that he died, Ezevel said to Achov, “Get up and take possession of the vineyard of Navos, the Yizreili, that he refused to give you for money, for Navos is not alive for he is dead.”

When Ezevel heard that Navos was stoned and that he died, Ezevel said to Achov, “Get up and take possession of the vineyard of Navos, the Yizreili, that he refused to give you for money, for Navos is not alive for he is dead.”

Rashi

קום רש. יש מחכמים אומרים: הרוגי מלכות נכסיהם למלך, ויש מהן אומרים: בן אחי אביו היה, ואותו ואת בניו הרג, וראוי ליורשו (סנהדרין מח ב):

Get up and take possession. Some of our Sages say that the property of those executed by the king [belong] to the king. And some of them say3Some are of the opinion that even those executed by the king do not lose their right of having their property inherited by their closest of kin. Therefore they suggest that Achov was the son of, etc. that he was the son of his father’s brother. He killed him and his children and was therefore the legal heir to inherit his property.4See Maseches Sanhedrin 48b.

21:16

וַיְהִי כִּשְׁמֹעַ אַחְאָב כִּי מֵת נָבוֹת וַיָּקׇם אַחְאָב לָרֶדֶת אֶל־כֶּרֶם נָבוֹת הַיִּזְרְעֵאלִי לְרִשְׁתּֽוֹ׃ {פ}

And when Achov heard that Navos was dead, Achov arose to go down to the vineyard of Navos, the Yizreili, to take possession of it.

And when Achov heard that Navos was dead, Achov arose to go down to the vineyard of Navos, the Yizreili, to take possession of it.

21:17

וַֽיְהִי דְּבַר־יְהֹוָה אֶל־אֵלִיָּהוּ הַתִּשְׁבִּי לֵאמֹֽר׃

There came a word of Adonoy to Eliyahu, the Tishbi, saying.

There came a word of Adonoy to Eliyahu, the Tishbi, saying.

21:18

קוּם רֵד לִקְרַאת אַחְאָב מֶלֶךְ־יִשְׂרָאֵל אֲשֶׁר בְּשֹׁמְרוֹן הִנֵּה בְּכֶרֶם נָבוֹת אֲשֶׁר־יָרַד שָׁם לְרִשְׁתּֽוֹ׃

“Arise and go down and meet Achov, the king of Yisroel who is [now] in Shomron. Behold, he is in the vineyard of Navos where he went down to possess it.

“Arise and go down and meet Achov, the king of Yisroel who is [now] in Shomron. Behold, he is in the vineyard of Navos where he went down to possess it.

21:19

וְדִבַּרְתָּ אֵלָיו לֵאמֹר כֹּה אָמַר יְהֹוָה הֲרָצַחְתָּ וְגַם־יָרָשְׁתָּ וְדִבַּרְתָּ אֵלָיו לֵאמֹר כֹּה אָמַר יְהֹוָה בִּמְקוֹם אֲשֶׁר לָקְקוּ הַכְּלָבִים אֶת־דַּם נָבוֹת יָלֹקּוּ הַכְּלָבִים אֶת־דָּמְךָ גַּם־אָֽתָּה׃

Speak to him saying, ‘So has Adonoy said, “Have you murdered and also inherited?’” And speak to him, saying ‘So has Adonoy said, “In the place where the dogs licked the blood of Navos, so will the dogs lick your blood, even your [blood.]’”

Speak to him saying, ‘So has Adonoy said, “Have you murdered and also inherited?’” And speak to him, saying ‘So has Adonoy said, “In the place where the dogs licked the blood of Navos, so will the dogs lick your blood, even your [blood.]’”

21:20

וַיֹּאמֶר אַחְאָב אֶל־אֵלִיָּהוּ הַֽמְצָאתַנִי אֹֽיְבִי וַיֹּאמֶר מָצָאתִי יַעַן הִתְמַכֶּרְךָ לַעֲשׂוֹת הָרַע בְּעֵינֵי יְהֹוָֽה׃

And Achov said to Eliyahu, “Have you found me, O my enemy?” “And he [Eliyohu] said, “I have found [you], because you have sold yourself to do that which is evil in the eyes of Adonoy.

And Achov said to Eliyahu, “Have you found me, O my enemy?” “And he [Eliyohu] said, “I have found [you], because you have sold yourself to do that which is evil in the eyes of Adonoy.

Rashi

התמכרך. מכרת את עצמך להכעיס את בוראך התמכרך כמו (דברים כח סח): והתמכרתם שם לאויביכם:

You have sold yourself. You sold yourself to anger your Creator,5You made yourself like a stranger. Achov went so far as to erase God’s Name from the Torah and he replaced it with Baal’s name throughout.—Radak התמכרת [=you have sold yourself], as in, “and there you will attempt to sell yourselves [והתמכרתם] to your enemies.”6Devarim 28:68.

21:21

הִנְנִי מֵבִי אֵלֶיךָ רָעָה וּבִעַרְתִּי אַחֲרֶיךָ וְהִכְרַתִּי לְאַחְאָב מַשְׁתִּין בְּקִיר וְעָצוּר וְעָזוּב בְּיִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃

Behold, I will bring evil upon you, and I will obliterate what is left after you. I will excise from Achov every male, and [destroy] things that are stored [inside] and things [livestock] that are left [in the open]; [this will be done] in Yisroel [publically].

Behold, I will bring evil upon you, and I will obliterate what is left after you. I will excise from Achov every male, and [destroy] things that are stored [inside] and things [livestock] that are left [in the open]; [this will be done] in Yisroel [publically].

21:22

וְנָתַתִּי אֶת־בֵּיתְךָ כְּבֵית יָרׇבְעָם בֶּן־נְבָט וּכְבֵית בַּעְשָׁא בֶן־אֲחִיָּה אֶל־הַכַּעַס אֲשֶׁר הִכְעַסְתָּ וַֽתַּחֲטִא אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃

I will give your house [the same fate] as the house of Yerovom ben Nevot, and as the house of Basha ben Achiya; because of the anger you provoked, and caused Yisroel to sin.”

I will give your house [the same fate] as the house of Yerovom ben Nevot, and as the house of Basha ben Achiya; because of the anger you provoked, and caused Yisroel to sin.”

21:23

וְגַם־לְאִיזֶבֶל דִּבֶּר יְהֹוָה לֵאמֹר הַכְּלָבִים יֹאכְלוּ אֶת־אִיזֶבֶל בְּחֵל יִזְרְעֶֽאל׃

And also concerning Ezevel, Adonoy spoke, saying, “The dogs will eat Ezevel in the valley of Yizreil.

And also concerning Ezevel, Adonoy spoke, saying, “The dogs will eat Ezevel in the valley of Yizreil.

Rashi

בחל יזרעאל. בבקעת יזרעאל, בחל, תרגומו של גיא:

In the valley of Yizreil. In the valley of Yizreil. “בחיל” is the Aramaic translation of “valley.”

21:24

הַמֵּת לְאַחְאָב בָּעִיר יֹאכְלוּ הַכְּלָבִים וְהַמֵּת בַּשָּׂדֶה יֹאכְלוּ עוֹף הַשָּׁמָֽיִם׃

Those of Achov who die in the city will be eaten by dogs and those who die in the field will be eaten by the birds of the sky.

Those of Achov who die in the city will be eaten by dogs and those who die in the field will be eaten by the birds of the sky.

21:25

רַק לֹא־הָיָה כְאַחְאָב אֲשֶׁר הִתְמַכֵּר לַעֲשׂוֹת הָרַע בְּעֵינֵי יְהֹוָה אֲשֶׁר־הֵסַתָּה אֹתוֹ אִיזֶבֶל אִשְׁתּֽוֹ׃

But there was none the likes of Achov who sold himself to do evil in the eyes of Adonoy; who was instigated by Ezevel, his wife.

But there was none the likes of Achov who sold himself to do evil in the eyes of Adonoy; who was instigated by Ezevel, his wife.

Rashi

רק לא היה כאחאב. הכתוב מעיד עליו, שלא היה במלכים כמותו, שירבעם וכל אשר אחריו, עבדו את העגלים מיראה, אם יעלה העם ירושלים, תשוב הממלכה לבית דוד, וזה הוסיף הבעל והאשרה להכעיס:

But there was none likes of Achov. Scripture testifies about him that there was none among the kings like him,7Achov surpassed all his predecessors in doing evil. for Yerovom and all those after him worshiped the calves out of fear, that if the people would go up to Yerusholayim, the kingdom would revert to the House of Dovid, but this one added the Baal and the Asheirah to anger [God].

התמכר. נמכר לעבודה זרה ראיתי בירושלמי (סנהדרין י ב) חיאל בית האלי שושבינו היה, ובכל יום שם דמיו ונתן לעבודת גלולים:

Sold himself. He was sold to idolatry. I saw in [Talmud] Yerushalmi that Chieil from the house of Eili was his advisor, and every day he would estimate his value and give it to the pagan deities.8Talmud Yerushalmi Maseches Sanhedrin 10:2.

21:26

וַיַּתְעֵב מְאֹד לָלֶכֶת אַחֲרֵי הַגִּלֻּלִים כְּכֹל אֲשֶׁר עָשׂוּ הָאֱמֹרִי אֲשֶׁר הוֹרִישׁ יְהֹוָה מִפְּנֵי בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ {פ}

He acted most abominably to follow the idols, as practiced by the Amorim that Adonoy expelled from before the Bnei Yisroel.

He acted most abominably to follow the idols, as practiced by the Amorim that Adonoy expelled from before the Bnei Yisroel.

21:27

וַיְהִי כִשְׁמֹעַ אַחְאָב אֶת־הַדְּבָרִים הָאֵלֶּה וַיִּקְרַע בְּגָדָיו וַיָּשֶׂם־שַׂק עַל־בְּשָׂרוֹ וַיָּצוֹם וַיִּשְׁכַּב בַּשָּׂק וַיְהַלֵּךְ אַֽט׃ {פ}

And when Achov heard these words he tore his clothes, and put sackcloth on flesh and he fasted. He lay on sackcloth and walked barefoot.

And when Achov heard these words he tore his clothes, and put sackcloth on flesh and he fasted. He lay on sackcloth and walked barefoot.

Rashi

ויהלך אט. יחף

And walked barefoot. [He walked] barefoot.9Alternatively, Achov walked slowly [לאט], like a mourner or like one who is under a ban.—Ralbag

21:28

וַֽיְהִי דְּבַר־יְהֹוָה אֶל־אֵלִיָּהוּ הַתִּשְׁבִּי לֵאמֹֽר׃

And the word of Adonoy came to Eliyah, the Tishbi saying.

And the word of Adonoy came to Eliyah, the Tishbi saying.

21:29

הֲֽרָאִיתָ כִּֽי־נִכְנַע אַחְאָב מִלְּפָנָי יַעַן כִּֽי־נִכְנַע מִפָּנַי לֹֽא־אָבִי הָרָעָה בְּיָמָיו בִּימֵי בְנוֹ אָבִיא הָרָעָה עַל־בֵּיתֽוֹ׃

“Have you seen that Achov has humbled himself before Me? Since he has humbled himself before Me, I will not bring the evil in his days. In the days of his son, I will bring the evil on his house.

“Have you seen that Achov has humbled himself before Me? Since he has humbled himself before Me, I will not bring the evil in his days. In the days of his son, I will bring the evil on his house.

Rashi

לא אביא הרעה. רעת ביתו לא אביא בימיו, אבל גזירת ילוקו הכלבים את דמו, אי אפשר לבא בימי בנו, אלא עליו:

I will not bring the evil. The disaster of this house I will not bring in his days, but the decree that the dogs will lick his blood is not possible to come in the days of his son, but upon him.

Texts

  • Hebrew: Miqra according to the Masorah · License: CC-BY-SA
  • English: The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J · License: CC-BY
  • Hebrew: On Your Way -- new · License: PD

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