Tanach
Melachim II 8:16-24 מלכים ב ח׳:ט״ז-כ״ד
Part of: Chapter 8
Reading: Hebrew · Simple EnglishHebrew · Faithful translationHebrew onlyHebrew · Simple EnglishHebrew · Faithful translationHebrew onlySimple English onlyFaithful translation onlySide by sideRashi
וּבִשְׁנַת חָמֵשׁ לְיוֹרָם בֶּן־אַחְאָב מֶלֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵל וִיהוֹשָׁפָט מֶלֶךְ יְהוּדָה מָלַךְ יְהוֹרָם בֶּן־יְהוֹשָׁפָט מֶלֶךְ יְהוּדָֽה׃
And in the fifth year of Yoram the son of Aĥ᾽av king of Yisra᾽el, Yehoshafat being then king of Yehuda, Yehoram the son of Yehoshafat king of Yehuda began to reign.
And in the fifth year of Yoram the son of Aĥ᾽av king of Yisra᾽el, Yehoshafat being then king of Yehuda, Yehoram the son of Yehoshafat king of Yehuda began to reign.
Rashi
בֶּן־שְׁלֹשִׁים וּשְׁתַּיִם שָׁנָה הָיָה בְמׇלְכוֹ וּשְׁמֹנֶה (שנה) [שָׁנִים] מָלַךְ בִּירוּשָׁלָֽ͏ִם׃
Thirty two years old was he when he began to reign; and he reigned for eight years in Yerushalayim.
Thirty two years old was he when he began to reign; and he reigned for eight years in Yerushalayim.
וַיֵּלֶךְ בְּדֶרֶךְ ׀ מַלְכֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל כַּאֲשֶׁר עָשׂוּ בֵּית אַחְאָב כִּי בַּת־אַחְאָב הָיְתָה לּוֹ לְאִשָּׁה וַיַּעַשׂ הָרַע בְּעֵינֵי יְהֹוָֽה׃
And he walked in the way of the kings of Yisra᾽el, as did the house of Aĥ᾽av: for the daughter of Aĥ᾽av was his wife: and he did evil in the sight of the Lord.
And he walked in the way of the kings of Yisra᾽el, as did the house of Aĥ᾽av: for the daughter of Aĥ᾽av was his wife: and he did evil in the sight of the Lord.
וְלֹא־אָבָה יְהֹוָה לְהַשְׁחִית אֶת־יְהוּדָה לְמַעַן דָּוִד עַבְדּוֹ כַּאֲשֶׁר אָמַר־לוֹ לָתֵת לוֹ נִיר לְבָנָיו כׇּל־הַיָּמִֽים׃
Yet the Lord would not destroy Yehuda for David his servant’s sake, as he promised him to give him and to his children a lamp for all time.
Yet the Lord would not destroy Yehuda for David his servant’s sake, as he promised him to give him and to his children a lamp for all time.
Rashi
ניר. ממשלה:
A kingdom. Kingdom.17Adonoy king shines like a light [=נֵר].—Metzudas Tzion See Targum in Bamidbar 21:30 who renders ‘וַנִּירָם’ as ‘וּמַלְכוּ’[=its kingdom].
בְּיָמָיו פָּשַׁע אֱדוֹם מִתַּחַת יַד־יְהוּדָה וַיַּמְלִכוּ עֲלֵיהֶם מֶֽלֶךְ׃
In his days Edom revolted from under the hand of Yehuda, and made a king over themselves.
In his days Edom revolted from under the hand of Yehuda, and made a king over themselves.
Rashi
וימליכו עליהם מלך. ומימי דוד לא היה להם מלך, כמו שנאמר (מלכים א כב מח): ומלך אין באדום ; (שמואל ב ח יד): וישם באדום נציבים, שמנה מלכים מלכו באדום לפני מלך מלך לישראל, המנוים בספר בראשית (לו לא-מג), כנגדו מלכו בישראל שמנה מלכים, איש בושת, ודוד, ושלמה, ורחבעם, ואבים, ואסא, ויהושפט, ויהורם, ולא היה מלך לאדום, ומה שכתוב למעלה שהלך מלך אדום עם יהורם בן אחאב ועם יהושפט למלחמה על מלך מואב, לא מלך גמור הוא אלא נציב, שאף הוא היה קרוי מלך וכמו שנאמר (מלכים א כב מח): ומלך אין באדום נצב מלך, הנציב היה להם במקום מלך:
And appointed a king over themselves. From the time of Dovid they did not have a king, as it is stated, “There was no king in Edom,.”18I Melochim 22:48. [and] “And he appointed governors in Edom.”19II Shmuel 8:14. Eight kings reigned in Edom before a king reigned in Yisroel, they are listed in the Book of Bereishis.20See Bereishis 36:31-43, and Rashi there. The eight kings are listed in Bereishis Rabboh 83:2. However, Bereishis Rabboh lists Shaul as one of the eight and omits Yehorom because during Yehorom’s reign, Edom was ruled by a king. Corresponding to them, eight kings reigned in Yisroel: Ish-Boshes, Dovid, Shlomo, Rechovom, Aviyom, Asa, Yehoshophot, and Yehorom, while Edom had no king.21See above 3:9. What is written above that the king of Edom22I Melochim 22:48. went with Yehorom son of Achov, and with Yehoshophot, to war against the king of Mo’av [can be explained that] he was not a real king, but a governor, who is also referred to as a king, as it is stated, “There was no king in Edom, the governor was king.”23I.e., Yorom attacked and struck the Edomites who were near the border. The governor served instead of a king.
וַיַּעֲבֹר יוֹרָם צָעִירָה וְכׇל־הָרֶכֶב עִמּוֹ וַֽיְהִי־הוּא קָם לַיְלָה וַיַּכֶּה אֶת־אֱדוֹם הַסֹּבֵיב אֵלָיו וְאֵת שָׂרֵי הָרֶכֶב וַיָּנׇס הָעָם לְאֹהָלָֽיו׃
So Yoram went over to Ża῾ir, and all the chariots with him: and he rose by night, and smote the men of Edom who surrounded him, and the captains of the chariots: and the people fled into their tents.
So Yoram went over to Ża῾ir, and all the chariots with him: and he rose by night, and smote the men of Edom who surrounded him, and the captains of the chariots: and the people fled into their tents.
Rashi
הסובב אליו. הסמוכים אל הספר:
That were surrounding him. Those near the border.24Alternatively, “הַסֹּבֵיב אֵלָיו” refers to those Edomites who had not rebelled against Yehudah and “וַיַּכֶּה” refers to the King of Edom, i.e., the King of Edom struck and killed the Edomites who had not joined in the rebellion.—Radak
וַיִּפְשַׁע אֱדוֹם מִתַּחַת יַד־יְהוּדָה עַד הַיּוֹם הַזֶּה אָז תִּפְשַׁע לִבְנָה בָּעֵת הַהִֽיא׃
Yet Edom revolted from under the hand of Yehuda to this day. Then Livna revolted at the same time.
Yet Edom revolted from under the hand of Yehuda to this day. Then Livna revolted at the same time.
Rashi
תפשע לבנה. מרדו יושבי לבנה ומרדו במלך, ואיני יודע מאיזה אומה היו, שהרי לבנה מארץ ישראל היא, ואומר אני, שהיו משבט יהודה, ומרדו במלך:
Livnoh rebelled. The inhabitants of Livnoh rebelled, and they rebelled against the king. I do not know from what nation they were, because Livnoh is part of Eretz Yisroel.25Livnoh is listed as one of Yehudah’s cities that were located at the southern extremity of Yehudah’s territory at Edom’s border. See Yehoshua 15:21, 42. But I say that they were of the tribe of Yehudah and they rebelled against the king.26Alternatively, Livnoh was an Edomite town close to the border, but at first did not join in the rebellion with the rest of Edom. However, after the war, Livnoh joined the Edomite rebellion.—Radak
וְיֶתֶר דִּבְרֵי יוֹרָם וְכׇל־אֲשֶׁר עָשָׂה הֲלֹא־הֵם כְּתוּבִים עַל־סֵפֶר דִּבְרֵי הַיָּמִים לְמַלְכֵי יְהוּדָֽה׃
And the rest of the acts of Yoram, and all that he did, are they not written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Yehuda?
And the rest of the acts of Yoram, and all that he did, are they not written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Yehuda?
וַיִּשְׁכַּב יוֹרָם עִם־אֲבֹתָיו וַיִּקָּבֵר עִם־אֲבֹתָיו בְּעִיר דָּוִד וַיִּמְלֹךְ אֲחַזְיָהוּ בְנוֹ תַּחְתָּֽיו׃ {פ}
And Yoram slept with his fathers, and was buried with his fathers in the city of David: and Aĥazyahu his son reigned in his stead.
And Yoram slept with his fathers, and was buried with his fathers in the city of David: and Aĥazyahu his son reigned in his stead.
Rashi
ויקבר עם אבותיו בעיר דוד. ובדברי הימים (ב כא כ) אומר: בעיר דוד ולא בקברות המלכים:
And was buried with his forefathers in the City of Dovid. In Divrei Hayomim it states, “[They buried him] in the City of Dovid, but not in the graves of the kings.”27II Divrei Hayomim 21:20.
ובשנת חמש וגו'. יהושפט המליך את יורם בחייו שתי שנים כשחזרו מן המלחמה שנלחמו במלך מואב, כך שנויה בסדר עולם בשנת חמש ליהורם ויהושפט בשנת חמשים, שנגזרה גזירה על יהושפט ליהרג ברמות גלעד, אלא שתלה לו בשביל שזעק, שבע שנים:
In the fifth year, etc. Yehoshophot crowned Yorom [who reigned] two years during his lifetime, when they returned from the war they had waged with the king of Mo’av;14See Radak’s commentary pertaining to Rashi’s calculation. so it was taught in Seder Olam. In the fifth year of Yehorom[’s reign], which is the fiftieth15Perhaps the text should read “the fifth [חָמֵשׁ] year” as it appears in Rashi’s caption. Rashi explains the verse that Yehorom son of Yehoshophot, began his reign in the fifth year since it was decreed on Yehoshophot to be killed in Ramos-Gilod. The decree was reprieved for seven years, so Yorom thus ruled for two years during Yehoshophot’s lifetime. Alternatively, “the fiftieth year” [as our text reads] may refer to the year in which Yehoshophot finished his dual kingship with his son Yehorom. It was in the year 3050. year of Yehoshophot, it was decreed for Yehoshophot to be killed in Ramos-Gilad, but [the decree] was reprieved for seven years because he cried out.16See above 1:17 and Rashi there.