Tanach
Nechemyah 8 נחמיה ח׳
Part of: Petuchah, Nehemiah 8:5Petuchah, Nehemiah 8:9Petuchah, Nehemiah 8:13Setumah, Nehemiah 7:72Setumah, Nehemiah 8:16Setumah, Nehemiah 8:17
Reading: Hebrew · Simple EnglishHebrew · Faithful translationHebrew onlyHebrew · Simple EnglishHebrew · Faithful translationHebrew onlySimple English onlyFaithful translation onlySide by sideRashi
וַיֵּאָסְפוּ כׇל־הָעָם כְּאִישׁ אֶחָד אֶל־הָרְחוֹב אֲשֶׁר לִפְנֵי שַֽׁעַר־הַמָּיִם וַיֹּֽאמְרוּ לְעֶזְרָא הַסֹּפֵר לְהָבִיא אֶת־סֵפֶר תּוֹרַת מֹשֶׁה אֲשֶׁר־צִוָּה יְהֹוָה אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃
And all the people gathered as one man to the square before the Water Gate, and they asked Ezra the scribe to bring the scroll of the Torah of Moses which the L-rd had commanded to Israel.
And all the people gathered as one man to the square before the Water Gate, and they asked Ezra the scribe to bring the scroll of the Torah of Moses which the L-rd had commanded to Israel.
וַיָּבִיא עֶזְרָא הַכֹּהֵן אֶֽת־הַתּוֹרָה לִפְנֵי הַקָּהָל מֵאִישׁ וְעַד־אִשָּׁה וְכֹל מֵבִין לִשְׁמֹעַ בְּיוֹם אֶחָד לַחֹדֶשׁ הַשְּׁבִיעִֽי׃
And Ezra the priest brought the Torah before the congregation, from man to woman and all who could hear with understanding, on the first day of the seventh month [i.e., Rosh Hashanah].
And Ezra the priest brought the Torah before the congregation, from man to woman and all who could hear with understanding, on the first day of the seventh month [i.e., Rosh Hashanah].
Rashi
וַיִּקְרָא־בוֹ לִפְנֵי הָרְחוֹב אֲשֶׁר ׀ לִפְנֵי שַֽׁעַר־הַמַּיִם מִן־הָאוֹר עַד־מַחֲצִית הַיּוֹם נֶגֶד הָאֲנָשִׁים וְהַנָּשִׁים וְהַמְּבִינִים וְאׇזְנֵי כׇל־הָעָם אֶל־סֵפֶר הַתּוֹרָֽה׃
And he read in it before the square in front of the Water Gate from daylight until midday before the men, the women, and (the others) who understood. And the ears of all the people were to the Torah scroll.
And he read in it before the square in front of the Water Gate from daylight until midday before the men, the women, and (the others) who understood. And the ears of all the people were to the Torah scroll.
Rashi
מן האור. של תחלת היום:
from the light of the beginning of the day.
אל ספר התורה. היו כל העם מטים אזניהם:
to the Scroll of the Law All the people inclined their ears.
וַֽיַּעֲמֹד עֶזְרָא הַסֹּפֵר עַֽל־מִגְדַּל־עֵץ אֲשֶׁר עָשׂוּ לַדָּבָר וַיַּֽעֲמֹד אֶצְלוֹ מַתִּתְיָה וְשֶׁמַע וַעֲנָיָה וְאוּרִיָּה וְחִלְקִיָּה וּמַעֲשֵׂיָה עַל־יְמִינוֹ וּמִשְּׂמֹאלוֹ פְּדָיָה וּמִֽישָׁאֵל וּמַלְכִּיָּה וְחָשֻׁם וְחַשְׁבַּדָּנָה זְכַרְיָה מְשֻׁלָּֽם׃ {פ}
And Ezra stood on a wooden platform that they had made for the thing [(the reading of the Torah scroll)]. And there stood next to him: Matithyah, Shema, Anayah, Uriah, Chilkiyah, and Ma'aseyah, on his right; and, on his left, Pedayah, Mishael, Malkiyah, Chusham, Chashbadnah, Zecharyah, and Meshulam.
And Ezra stood on a wooden platform that they had made for the thing [(the reading of the Torah scroll)]. And there stood next to him: Matithyah, Shema, Anayah, Uriah, Chilkiyah, and Ma'aseyah, on his right; and, on his left, Pedayah, Mishael, Malkiyah, Chusham, Chashbadnah, Zecharyah, and Meshulam.
Rashi
אשר עשו לדבר. אותו מגדל עץ עשו לשם כך לקרות שם עליו ספר התורה:
on a wooden tower That wooden tower was made for the purpose of reading the Scroll of the Law upon it.
וַיִּפְתַּח עֶזְרָא הַסֵּפֶר לְעֵינֵי כׇל־הָעָם כִּֽי־מֵעַל כׇּל־הָעָם הָיָה וּכְפִתְחוֹ עָֽמְדוּ כׇל־הָעָֽם׃
And Ezra opened the scroll in the sight of all of the people (for he was [standing] above all of the people). And when he opened it, all of the people stood silent.
And Ezra opened the scroll in the sight of all of the people (for he was [standing] above all of the people). And when he opened it, all of the people stood silent.
Rashi
כי מעל כל העם היה. ועל כן ראוהו כולם:
for he was above all the people Therefore, they all saw him.
וכפתחו עמדו כל העם. וכאשר פתחו לקרות שתקו כל העם:
and when he opened it, all the people stood And when he opened it to read, all the people stood silent.
עמדו. לשון שתיקה (שתקו) כמו עמדו ולא ענו עוד (איוב ל״ב:ט״ז):
stood Heb. עָמְדוּ, an expression of silence (they stood silent), like (Job 32:16): “...for they remained silent (עָמְדוּ) ; they no longer answered.”
וַיְבָרֶךְ עֶזְרָא אֶת־יְהֹוָה הָאֱלֹהִים הַגָּדוֹל וַיַּֽעֲנוּ כׇל־הָעָם אָמֵן ׀ אָמֵן בְּמֹעַל יְדֵיהֶם וַיִּקְּדוּ וַיִּֽשְׁתַּחֲווּ לַיהֹוָה אַפַּיִם אָֽרְצָה׃
And Ezra blessed the L-rd, the great G d, and all the people answered Amen! Amen! with hands uplifted [in praise of the L-rd]. And they bowed down and prostrated themselves to the L-rd with their faces to the ground.
And Ezra blessed the L-rd, the great G d, and all the people answered Amen! Amen! with hands uplifted [in praise of the L-rd]. And they bowed down and prostrated themselves to the L-rd with their faces to the ground.
Rashi
במועל ידיהם. בנשיאות ידיהם שנשאו כפיהם למעלה להודות להקב"ה כענין שנאמר ויפרוש כפיו השמים (מלכים א ח׳:כ״ב):
with the uplifting of their hands with the raising of their hands, meaning that they lifted their hands on high to thank the Holy One, blessed be He, as it is stated: (I Kings 8:22): “...and spread forth his hands towards heaven.”
וְיֵשׁוּעַ וּבָנִי וְשֵׁרֵבְיָה ׀ יָמִין עַקּוּב שַׁבְּתַי ׀ הֽוֹדִיָּה מַעֲשֵׂיָה קְלִיטָא עֲזַרְיָה יוֹזָבָד חָנָן פְּלָאיָה וְהַלְוִיִּם מְבִינִים אֶת־הָעָם לַתּוֹרָה וְהָעָם עַל־עׇמְדָֽם׃
And Yeshua, Bani, Sherevyah, Yamin, Akuv, Shabthai, Hodiyah, Ma'aseyah, Kelita, Azaryah, Yozavad, Chanan, Pelayah, and the Levites explained the Torah to the people, the people standing.
And Yeshua, Bani, Sherevyah, Yamin, Akuv, Shabthai, Hodiyah, Ma'aseyah, Kelita, Azaryah, Yozavad, Chanan, Pelayah, and the Levites explained the Torah to the people, the people standing.
Rashi
מבינים את העם. שהיו מתרגמין לעם דברי תורה:
explained...to the people meaning that they would translate the words of the Torah to the people.
על עמדם. שהיו עומדים על רגליהם:
in their place meaning that they were standing on their feet.
וַֽיִּקְרְאוּ בַסֵּפֶר בְּתוֹרַת הָאֱלֹהִים מְפֹרָשׁ וְשׂוֹם שֶׂכֶל וַיָּבִינוּ בַּמִּקְרָֽא׃ {פ}
And they read in the explicated scroll of the Torah of G-d with application, and they understood what was written.
And they read in the explicated scroll of the Torah of G-d with application, and they understood what was written.
Rashi
ושום שכל. ושימת חכמה ושום לשון פעול:
and gave sense Heb. וְשּׂם שֶׂכֶל, and giving wisdom; וְשּׂם is an expression of doing.
וַיֹּאמֶר נְחֶמְיָה הוּא הַתִּרְשָׁתָא וְעֶזְרָא הַכֹּהֵן ׀ הַסֹּפֵר וְהַלְוִיִּם הַמְּבִינִים אֶת־הָעָם לְכׇל־הָעָם הַיּוֹם קָדֹֽשׁ־הוּא לַיהֹוָה אֱלֹהֵיכֶם אַל־תִּֽתְאַבְּלוּ וְאַל־תִּבְכּוּ כִּי בוֹכִים כׇּל־הָעָם כְּשׇׁמְעָם אֶת־דִּבְרֵי הַתּוֹרָֽה׃
And Nechemiah (Tirshatha) and Ezra the priest, the scribe, and the Levites, the edifiers of the people, said to all the people: This day is holy to the L-rd your G d; do not mourn and do not weep. For all the people wept [(for their remissness in fulfilling the Torah)] when they heard the words of the Torah.
And Nechemiah (Tirshatha) and Ezra the priest, the scribe, and the Levites, the edifiers of the people, said to all the people: This day is holy to the L-rd your G d; do not mourn and do not weep. For all the people wept [(for their remissness in fulfilling the Torah)] when they heard the words of the Torah.
Rashi
היום קדוש. כי יום ר"ה הוא:
The day is holy because it is the day of Rosh Hashanah.
כי בוכים כל העם. מפני שלא קיימו התורה כראוי:
for all the people were weeping because they did not uphold the Torah appropriately.
וַיֹּאמֶר לָהֶם לְכוּ אִכְלוּ מַשְׁמַנִּים וּשְׁתוּ מַֽמְתַקִּים וְשִׁלְחוּ מָנוֹת לְאֵין נָכוֹן לוֹ כִּֽי־קָדוֹשׁ הַיּוֹם לַאֲדֹנֵינוּ וְאַל־תֵּעָצֵבוּ כִּֽי־חֶדְוַת יְהֹוָה הִיא מָֽעֻזְּכֶֽם׃
And he said to them: Go, eat fat things and drink sweet things and send portions to him [i.e., to the poor one] who has no [food] readied. For this day is holy to our L-rd. And do not be sad, for the L-rd's joy is your stronghold.
And he said to them: Go, eat fat things and drink sweet things and send portions to him [i.e., to the poor one] who has no [food] readied. For this day is holy to our L-rd. And do not be sad, for the L-rd's joy is your stronghold.
Rashi
לאין נכון לו. לעני שאין מזומן לו מאכלו:
to whoever has nothing prepared to a poor man who has no food prepared for himself.
וְהַלְוִיִּם מַחְשִׁים לְכׇל־הָעָם לֵאמֹר הַסּוּ כִּי הַיּוֹם קָדֹשׁ וְאַל־תֵּעָצֵֽבוּ׃
And the Levites hushed all the people, saying: Be still, for this is a holy day; do not be sad.
And the Levites hushed all the people, saying: Be still, for this is a holy day; do not be sad.
Rashi
מחשים. היו מזהירין לכל העם לחשות שלא יבכו עוד:
quieted They admonished all the people to be quiet, that they should weep no longer.
הסו. ל' שתיקה כמו ויהס כלב (מדבר י"ג):
Hush Heb. הַסוּ, an expression of silence, like (Num. 13:30): “And Caleb hushed (וַיַהַס).”
וַיֵּלְכוּ כׇל־הָעָם לֶאֱכֹל וְלִשְׁתּוֹת וּלְשַׁלַּח מָנוֹת וְלַעֲשׂוֹת שִׂמְחָה גְדוֹלָה כִּי הֵבִינוּ בַּדְּבָרִים אֲשֶׁר הוֹדִיעוּ לָהֶֽם׃ {פ}
And all the people went to eat and to drink and to send portions and to make great festivity, for they understood the things whereof they apprised them.
And all the people went to eat and to drink and to send portions and to make great festivity, for they understood the things whereof they apprised them.
וּבַיּוֹם הַשֵּׁנִי נֶאֶסְפוּ רָאשֵׁי הָאָבוֹת לְכׇל־הָעָם הַכֹּֽהֲנִים וְהַלְוִיִּם אֶל־עֶזְרָא הַסֹּפֵר וּלְהַשְׂכִּיל אֶל־דִּבְרֵי הַתּוֹרָֽה׃
And on the second day [(of Rosh Hashanah)] there gathered the heads of the fathers' [houses] of all the people (and) the priests and the Levites to Ezra the scribe to probe the words of the Torah.
And on the second day [(of Rosh Hashanah)] there gathered the heads of the fathers' [houses] of all the people (and) the priests and the Levites to Ezra the scribe to probe the words of the Torah.
Rashi
וביום השני. של ראש השנה:
And on the second day of Rosh Hashanah.
וַֽיִּמְצְאוּ כָּתוּב בַּתּוֹרָה אֲשֶׁר צִוָּה יְהֹוָה בְּיַד־מֹשֶׁה אֲשֶׁר יֵשְׁבוּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל בַּסֻּכּוֹת בֶּחָג בַּחֹדֶשׁ הַשְּׁבִיעִֽי׃
And they found it written in the Torah that the L-rd had commanded through Moses that the children of Israel were to dwell in succoth on the festival in the seventh month.
And they found it written in the Torah that the L-rd had commanded through Moses that the children of Israel were to dwell in succoth on the festival in the seventh month.
וַאֲשֶׁר יַשְׁמִיעוּ וְיַעֲבִירוּ קוֹל בְּכׇל־עָרֵיהֶם וּבִירוּשָׁלַ͏ִם לֵאמֹר צְאוּ הָהָר וְהָבִיאוּ עֲלֵי־זַיִת וַעֲלֵי־עֵץ שֶׁמֶן וַעֲלֵי הֲדַס וַעֲלֵי תְמָרִים וַעֲלֵי עֵץ עָבֹת לַעֲשֹׂת סֻכֹּת כַּכָּתֽוּב׃ {ס}
[And they commanded] that they make heard and proclaim throughout all of their cities and in Jerusalem: "Go out to the mountain and bring olive leaves and olive-tree leaves and myrtle leaves [(for roofing the succah)] and date-palm leaves [(for the lulav)] and leaves of a plaited tree [(hadassim)] to observe Succoth as written."
[And they commanded] that they make heard and proclaim throughout all of their cities and in Jerusalem: "Go out to the mountain and bring olive leaves and olive-tree leaves and myrtle leaves [(for roofing the succah)] and date-palm leaves [(for the lulav)] and leaves of a plaited tree [(hadassim)] to observe Succoth as written."
Rashi
ואשר ישמיעו. וצוו אשר ישמיעו קול לחוג את חג הסוכות וכן נוהג המקרא לדבר כענין הזה כמו אמור לנער ויעבור לפנינו (שמואל א ט׳:כ״ז):
And that they should announce And they commanded that they announce that they celebrate the Festival of Sukkoth, and so it is customary for Scripture to speak in this manner, like (I Sam. 9: 27): “Tell the servant and he will go ahead of us.”
ועלי הדס. מפורש במסכת סוכה זה הדס שוטה שאינו ראוי ללולב כי אם לעשות סוכה:
myrtle leaves It is explained in Tractate Succah (12a) that this is a wild myrtle which is unfit for the lulav and only fit to make a sukkah.
ועלי תמרים. ללולב:
date palm leaves for a lulav.
ועלי עץ עבות. זה הדס הראוי ללולב כמפורש במסכת סוכה:
and leaves of plaited trees This is the myrtle that is fit for the lulav as is explained in Tractate Succah (ad loc.).
וַיֵּצְאוּ הָעָם וַיָּבִיאוּ וַיַּעֲשׂוּ לָהֶם סֻכּוֹת אִישׁ עַל־גַּגּוֹ וּבְחַצְרֹתֵיהֶם וּבְחַצְרוֹת בֵּית הָאֱלֹהִים וּבִרְחוֹב שַׁעַר הַמַּיִם וּבִרְחוֹב שַׁעַר אֶפְרָֽיִם׃ {ס}
And the people went out and brought [(what they had been instructed to bring)], and they made succoth for themselves, each on his roof and in their courtyards and in the courts of the house of G-d and in the square of the Water Gate and in the square of the Gate of Ephraim.
And the people went out and brought [(what they had been instructed to bring)], and they made succoth for themselves, each on his roof and in their courtyards and in the courts of the house of G-d and in the square of the Water Gate and in the square of the Gate of Ephraim.
וַיַּֽעֲשׂוּ כׇֽל־הַקָּהָל הַשָּׁבִים מִן־הַשְּׁבִי ׀ סֻכּוֹת וַיֵּשְׁבוּ בַסֻּכּוֹת כִּי לֹֽא־עָשׂוּ מִימֵי יֵשׁוּעַ בִּן־נוּן כֵּן בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל עַד הַיּוֹם הַהוּא וַתְּהִי שִׂמְחָה גְּדוֹלָה מְאֹֽד׃
And all the congregation that had returned from the captivity made succoth, and they dwelt in the succoth. For the children of Israel had not done so from the days of Yeshua the son of Nun until that day. And the joy was very great.
And all the congregation that had returned from the captivity made succoth, and they dwelt in the succoth. For the children of Israel had not done so from the days of Yeshua the son of Nun until that day. And the joy was very great.
וַיִּקְרָא בְּסֵפֶר תּוֹרַת הָאֱלֹהִים יוֹם ׀ בְּיוֹם מִן־הַיּוֹם הָֽרִאשׁוֹן עַד הַיּוֹם הָאַחֲרוֹן וַיַּֽעֲשׂוּ־חָג שִׁבְעַת יָמִים וּבַיּוֹם הַשְּׁמִינִי עֲצֶרֶת כַּמִּשְׁפָּֽט׃ {פ}
And he read in the scroll of the Torah of G-d every day [of the festival], from the first day until the last day. And they observed the festival for seven days, and on the eighth day, atzereth, as prescribed [viz. Leviticus 23:26].
And he read in the scroll of the Torah of G-d every day [of the festival], from the first day until the last day. And they observed the festival for seven days, and on the eighth day, atzereth, as prescribed [viz. Leviticus 23:26].
Rashi
יום ביום. בכל יום ויום:
day by day every day.
ביום אחד לחדש השביעי. הוא יום של ראש השנה:
on the first day of the seventh month That is the day of Rosh Hashanah.