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4:18

וַיֵּלֶךְ מֹשֶׁה וַיָּשׇׁב ׀ אֶל־יֶתֶר חֹֽתְנוֹ וַיֹּאמֶר לוֹ אֵלְכָה נָּא וְאָשׁוּבָה אֶל־אַחַי אֲשֶׁר־בְּמִצְרַיִם וְאֶרְאֶה הַעוֹדָם חַיִּים וַיֹּאמֶר יִתְרוֹ לְמֹשֶׁה לֵךְ לְשָׁלֽוֹם׃

Moshe went and returned to Yeser, his father-in-law, and said to him, “I would like to leave and return to my brothers in Egypt, to see if they are still alive.” Yisro said to Moshe, “Go in peace.”

Moshe went and returned to Yeser, his father-in-law, and said to him, “I would like to leave and return to my brothers in Egypt, to see if they are still alive.” Yisro said to Moshe, “Go in peace.”

Rashi

וישב אל יתר חתנו. ליטול רשות, שהרי נשבע לו (שלא יזוז ממדין כי אם ברשותו). (מכילתא יתרו) ושבעה שמות היו לו, רעואל, יתר, יתרו, קיני, וכו':

And returned to Yeser, his father-in-law — in order to obtain permission, for he had sworn to him. [His father, in-law] had seven names: Reuel, Yeser, Yisro, Keini, Chovev, Chever, and Putiel.

4:19

וַיֹּאמֶר יְהֹוָה אֶל־מֹשֶׁה בְּמִדְיָן לֵךְ שֻׁב מִצְרָיִם כִּי־מֵתוּ כׇּל־הָאֲנָשִׁים הַֽמְבַקְשִׁים אֶת־נַפְשֶֽׁךָ׃

Adonoy said to Moshe in Midian, “Go, return to Egypt, for they have died—all the men who had sought your life.”

Adonoy said to Moshe in Midian, “Go, return to Egypt, for they have died—all the men who had sought your life.”

Rashi

כי מתו כל האנשים. מי הם, דתן ואבירם, חיים היו, אלא שירדו מנכסיהם, והעני חשוב כמת (נדרים סד:):

For they have died — all the men. Who were they (these men)? Dasan and Aviram. [Actually,] they were still alive, but had become paupers and a poor person is considered as if dead.

4:20

וַיִּקַּח מֹשֶׁה אֶת־אִשְׁתּוֹ וְאֶת־בָּנָיו וַיַּרְכִּבֵם עַֽל־הַחֲמֹר וַיָּשׇׁב אַרְצָה מִצְרָיִם וַיִּקַּח מֹשֶׁה אֶת־מַטֵּה הָאֱלֹהִים בְּיָדֽוֹ׃

Moshe [then] took his wife and his sons, set them to ride on the donkey, and he returned to the land of Egypt. Moshe took the rod of God in his hand.

Moshe [then] took his wife and his sons, set them to ride on the donkey, and he returned to the land of Egypt. Moshe took the rod of God in his hand.

Rashi

על החמור. חמור המיוחד, הוא החמור שחבש אברהם לעקידת יצחק, והוא שעתיד מלך המשיח להגלות עליו, שנאמר עָנִי וְרֹכֵב עַל חֲמֹור (זכריה ט, ט):

The donkey. [Meaning:] the donkey designated for this. This is the same donkey that Avraham saddled at the binding of Yitzchok, and the same one upon which the King Moshiach is destined to reveal himself, as it is said: [“The king will come to you] humble and riding on a donkey.”

וישב ארצה מצרים ויקח משה את מטה. אין מוקדם ומאוחר מדוקדקים במקרא:

And he returned to the land of Egypt. Moshe took the rod “Earlier” or “later” are not exact in Scripture.

4:21

וַיֹּאמֶר יְהֹוָה אֶל־מֹשֶׁה בְּלֶכְתְּךָ לָשׁוּב מִצְרַיְמָה רְאֵה כׇּל־הַמֹּֽפְתִים אֲשֶׁר־שַׂמְתִּי בְיָדֶךָ וַעֲשִׂיתָם לִפְנֵי פַרְעֹה וַאֲנִי אֲחַזֵּק אֶת־לִבּוֹ וְלֹא יְשַׁלַּח אֶת־הָעָֽם׃

Adonoy said to Moshe, “On your way back to Egypt, see [keep in mind] all the wondrous [signs] that I have placed in your hand, and do them before Pharaoh. I will harden his heart, and he will not send the people out.

Adonoy said to Moshe, “On your way back to Egypt, see [keep in mind] all the wondrous [signs] that I have placed in your hand, and do them before Pharaoh. I will harden his heart, and he will not send the people out.

Rashi

בלכתך לשוב מצרימה וגו'. דע, שעל מנת כן תלך, שתהא גבור בשליחותי לעשות כל מופתי לפני פרעה ולא תירא ממנו:

On your way back to Egypt. “Know, that your going is on the condition that you are strong in [carrying out] My mission, by doing all My wonders before Pharaoh without fear of him.”

אשר שמתי בידך. לא על שלשה אותות האמורות למעלה, שהרי לא לפני פרעה צוה לעשותם אלא לפני ישראל שיאמינו לו, ולא מצינו שעשאם לפניו, אלא מופתים שאני עתיד לשום בידך במצרים, כמו כִּי יְדַבֵּר אֲלֵכֶם פַּרְעֹה וגו' (שמות ז, ט), ואל תתמה על אשר כתיב אשר שמתי, שכן משמעו, כשתדבר עמו כבר שַׂמְתִּים בידך:

That I have placed in your hand. This does not refer to the three signs mentioned above, for, those, He did not command him to do before Pharaoh, but rather, before the Israelites so that they may believe him; and we do not find that he did them before him. But [this refers to] “the wonders (i.e., the plagues) which I shall, in the future, place in your hand in Egypt.” As it is said: “When Pharaoh speaks to you, etc.” Do not wonder as to why it is written: אֲשֶׁר שַׂמְתִּי — that I have placed (past tense) because it should be understood thus: “When you speak with him, I will have already placed them in your hand.”

4:22

וְאָמַרְתָּ אֶל־פַּרְעֹה כֹּה אָמַר יְהֹוָה בְּנִי בְכֹרִי יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃

You will say to Pharaoh, This is what Adonoy said, Yisroel is My son, My firstborn.

You will say to Pharaoh, This is what Adonoy said, Yisroel is My son, My firstborn.

Rashi

ואמרת אל פרעה. כשתשמע שלבו חזק וימאן לשלוח, אמור לו כן:

You will say to Pharaoh. “When you hear that his heart is hardened and he refuses to send [the people away], tell him thus:

בני בכרי. לשון גדולה, כמו אַף אָנִי בְּכֹור אֶתְּנֵהוּ (תהלים פט, כח), זו פשוטו. ומדרשו, כאן חתם הקב"ה על מכירת הבכורה שלקח יעקב מעשו:

[Yisrael] is my son, my firstborn. [בְּכוֹרִי, here means:] of greatness as in: “I will also make him great.” This is its plain meaning. But, the midrashic explanation is: Here, God put His seal on the sale of the birthright which Yaakov had bought from Eisov.

4:23

וָאֹמַר אֵלֶיךָ שַׁלַּח אֶת־בְּנִי וְיַֽעַבְדֵנִי וַתְּמָאֵן לְשַׁלְּחוֹ הִנֵּה אָנֹכִי הֹרֵג אֶת־בִּנְךָ בְּכֹרֶֽךָ׃

And I have said to you, send out My son and let him serve Me. If you refuse to send him, behold, I will slay your [own] firstborn son.”

And I have said to you, send out My son and let him serve Me. If you refuse to send him, behold, I will slay your [own] firstborn son.”

Rashi

ואומר אליך. בשליחותו של מקום:

“And I have said to you — as a messenger of God, ‘Send My son out, etc.’”

שלח את בני וגו'. הנה אנכי הרג וגו'. היא מכה אחרונה, ובה התרהו תחלה מפני שהיא קשה, וזה הוא שנאמר באיוב הֶן אֵל יַשְׂגִּיב בְּכֹחֹו, לפיכך, מִי כָמֹהוּ מֹורֶה (איוב לו, כב), בשר ודם המבקש להנקם מחבירו, מעלים את דבריו שלא יבקש הצלה, אבל הקב"ה ישגיב בכחו ואין יכולת להמלט מידו כי אם בשובו אליו, לפיכך הוא מורהו ומתרה בו לשוב:

Behold, I will slay, etc. This will be the last plague [Yet, God] warns him with this first — because it is the most severe. This is what is meant regarding Iyov: “For God is powerful in His might,” therefore, “Who is a teacher like Him,” [the explanation being:] A human being, who seeks to take revenge from his fellow-man, is secretive about it so that the other will not seek to escape. But, God “is powerful in His might” and there is no possible escape from His Hand, unless he returns to Him (repents). Therefore He teaches him and warns him to repent.

4:24

וַיְהִי בַדֶּרֶךְ בַּמָּלוֹן וַיִּפְגְּשֵׁהוּ יְהֹוָה וַיְבַקֵּשׁ הֲמִיתֽוֹ׃

He [Moshe] was along the way, in the inn, Adonoy confronted him, and wanted to kill him.

He [Moshe] was along the way, in the inn, Adonoy confronted him, and wanted to kill him.

Rashi

ויהי בדרך במלון. משה:

When he was along the way, in the inn. Moshe.

ויבקש המיתו. למשה, לפי שלא מל את אליעזר בנו, ועל שנתרשל נענש עונש מיתה. תניא אמר רבי יוסי ח"ו לא נתרשל, אלא אמר, אמול ואצא לדרך, סכנה היא לתינוק עד שלשה ימים, אמול ואשהה שלשה ימים, הקב"ה צוני לך שוב מצרים, ומפני מה נענש מיתה, לפי שנתעסק במלון תחלה (במסכת נדרים לא:), והיה המלאך נעשה כמין נחש, ובולעו מראשו ועד יריכיו, וחוזר ובולעו מרגליו ועד אותו מקום, הבינה צפורה שבשביל המילה הוא:

And wanted to kill him. I.e., the angel [wanted to kill] Moshe because he did not circumcise his son, Eliezer, and because he was negligent he deserved the punishment of death. The Beraisa taught: [however,] Rabbi Yosi said: God forbid! [Actually,] he was not negligent, but, he thought: “If I circumcise him and set out on a journey, the child’s life will be in danger for three days. [However,] I might circumcise him and wait three days, [but,] God has commanded me, “Go! Return to Egypt.” Then, why was he punished? Because his first concern was his lodging. Maseches Nedarim: The angel turned into a kind of snake and swallowed him (Moshe) from his head to his thigh [and spit him out] and then again swallowed him from his feet to that place (the membrum). Zipporah understood that this was on account of [delaying] the circumcision.

4:25

וַתִּקַּח צִפֹּרָה צֹר וַתִּכְרֹת אֶת־עׇרְלַת בְּנָהּ וַתַּגַּע לְרַגְלָיו וַתֹּאמֶר כִּי חֲתַן־דָּמִים אַתָּה לִֽי׃

Tzipporah took a flint-stone and cut off her son’s foreskin, and threw it at his feet, saying, “You are a bridegroom of blood to me.”

Tzipporah took a flint-stone and cut off her son’s foreskin, and threw it at his feet, saying, “You are a bridegroom of blood to me.”

Rashi

ותגע לרגליו. השליכתו לפני רגליו של משה:

And threw it at his feet. I.e., She threw it at Moshe’s feet

ותאמר. על בנה:

saying, regarding her son —

כי חתן דמים אתה לי. אתה היית גורם להיות החתן שלי נרצח עליך. הורג אישי אתה לי:

“You are a bridegroom of blood to me.” I.e., “You were to have caused my bridegroom to be slain on account of you; you would thus have been my husband’s killer.”

4:26

וַיִּרֶף מִמֶּנּוּ אָז אָֽמְרָה חֲתַן דָּמִים לַמּוּלֹֽת׃ {פ}

He then withdrew from him [Moshe. Then she said, “[You are] a bridegroom of blood [to me] because of the circumcision.”

He then withdrew from him [Moshe. Then she said, “[You are] a bridegroom of blood [to me] because of the circumcision.”

Rashi

וירף. המלאך ממנו. אז, בינה שעל המילה בא להורגו:

He withdrew. The angel [withdrew] from him.

אמרה חתן דמים למולת. חתני היה נרצח על דבר המילה. (שינה רש"י בלשונו, לעיל כתב אתה היית גורם, דקשה לרש"י, מה זה אז אמרה חתן דמים, והלא גם לעיל אמרה חתן דמים, אלא מתחלה סברה דזה וזה גורם, חטא המילה וחטא אחר, אח"כ כשראתה וירף לגמרי, אז הבינה דעל דבר המילה לבד בא, ובזה מתורץ גם כן שינוי לשון בתרגום אונקלוס בחתן דמים, ודו"ק כנ"ל):

Then — she understood that on account of [delaying] the circumcision, he had come to kill him, [and] she said, “Bridegroom of blood because of the circumcision.” [Meaning:] My bridegroom would have been killed on account of [delaying] the circumcision.

למולת. על דבר המולות, שם דבר הוא, והלמ"ד משמשת בלשון על, כמו וְאָמַר פַּרְעֹה לִבְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל (שמות יד, ג). ואונקלוס תרגם דמים, על דם המילה:

Because of the circumcision. [לַמּוּלוֹת means:] on account of the circumcision. [מוּלוֹת] is a noun, and the letter lamed serves as a prefix meaning: regarding, as in: “And Pharaoh said (לִבְנֵי) regarding the B’nei Yisrael.” However, Onkelos translates דָּמִים (blood) as referring to the blood of the circumcision.

Texts

  • Hebrew: Miqra according to the Masorah · License: CC-BY-SA
  • English: Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009 · License: CC-BY
  • Hebrew: Rashi Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009 · License: CC-BY
  • English: Rashi Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009 · License: CC-BY

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