Tanach
Shir HaShirim 3 שיר השירים ג׳
Part of: Setumah, Song of Songs 3:1Setumah, Song of Songs 3:6Setumah, Song of Songs 3:9
Reading: Hebrew · Simple EnglishHebrew · Faithful translationHebrew onlyHebrew · Simple EnglishHebrew · Faithful translationHebrew onlySimple English onlyFaithful translation onlySide by sideRashi
עַל־מִשְׁכָּבִי בַּלֵּילוֹת בִּקַּשְׁתִּי אֵת שֶֽׁאָהֲבָה נַפְשִׁי בִּקַּשְׁתִּיו וְלֹא מְצָאתִֽיו׃
On my bed at night, I sought him whom my soul loves; I sought him but did not find him.
On my bed at night, I sought him whom my soul loves; I sought him but did not find him.
Rashi
בקשתיו ולא מצאתיו. (שמות) כי אינני בקרבכם (שם) כי לא אעלה בקרבך:
I sought him but did not find him. “For I will not go up in your midst,”3Shemos 33:3. This was on account of the golden calf. [and] “for I am not in your midst.”4Devarim 1:42. This was on account of the spies.
אָקוּמָה נָּא וַאֲסוֹבְבָה בָעִיר בַּשְּׁוָקִים וּבָרְחֹבוֹת אֲבַקְשָׁה אֵת שֶֽׁאָהֲבָה נַפְשִׁי בִּקַּשְׁתִּיו וְלֹא מְצָאתִֽיו׃
I will rise now and roam through the city, in the market places and in the streets, I will seek him whom my soul loves; I sought him but did not find him.
I will rise now and roam through the city, in the market places and in the streets, I will seek him whom my soul loves; I sought him but did not find him.
Rashi
אקומה נא. ואבקשה (שמות לג) ויחל משה (שם לב) אעלה אל ה':
I will rise now ... I will seek. “And Moshe prayed,”5Shemos 32:11. [and] “I will go up to the Adonoy.”6Ibid. 32:30.
מְצָאוּנִי הַשֹּׁמְרִים הַסֹּבְבִים בָּעִיר אֵת שֶֽׁאָהֲבָה נַפְשִׁי רְאִיתֶֽם׃
The watchmen found me those who circle about the city; him whom my soul loves, have you seen him?
The watchmen found me those who circle about the city; him whom my soul loves, have you seen him?
Rashi
מצאוני השומרים. משה ואהרן:
The watchmen found me. Moshe and Aharon.7They guarded the Bnei Yisroel from sin during the Egyptian exile. Also in reference to Ezra and Nechemyah who watched over the Bnei Yisroel during the exile of Bavel. (Alshich)
את שאהבה נפשי ראיתם. מה מצאתם בפיו:
Him whom my soul loves, have you seen him. What [message] did you find in His mouth?
כִּמְעַט שֶׁעָבַרְתִּי מֵהֶם עַד שֶׁמָּצָאתִי אֵת שֶֽׁאָהֲבָה נַפְשִׁי אֲחַזְתִּיו וְלֹא אַרְפֶּנּוּ עַד־שֶׁהֲבֵיאתִיו אֶל־בֵּית אִמִּי וְאֶל־חֶדֶר הוֹרָתִֽי׃
Scarcely had I departed from them, when I found him whom my soul loves; I grasped him and would not let him go until I brought him to my mother’s house and to the chamber of her who conceived me.
Scarcely had I departed from them, when I found him whom my soul loves; I grasped him and would not let him go until I brought him to my mother’s house and to the chamber of her who conceived me.
Rashi
כמעט שעברתי מהם. קרוב לפרישתם ממני לסוף ארבעים שנה:
Scarcely had I departed from them. Shortly after their parting from me,8I.e., shortly after the deaths of Moshe and Aharon. at the end of the forty years.
עד שמצאתי. שהיה עמי בימי יהושע לכבוש שלשים ואחד מלכים:
When I found. That He was with me in the days of Yehoshua to conquer the thirty-one kings.
אחזתיו ולא ארפנו. לא נתתי לו רפיון עד שהביאותיו אל משכן שילה בשביל כל זאת שעשה לי
I grasped him and would not let him go. I did not loosen my grasp on Him until I brought Him to the Tabernacle at Shiloh because of all this that He had done for me.
הִשְׁבַּעְתִּי אֶתְכֶם בְּנוֹת יְרוּשָׁלַ͏ִם בִּצְבָאוֹת אוֹ בְּאַיְלוֹת הַשָּׂדֶה אִם־תָּעִירוּ ׀ וְֽאִם־תְּעוֹרְרוּ אֶת־הָאַהֲבָה עַד שֶׁתֶּחְפָּֽץ׃ {ס}
I bind you under oath, daughters of Yerusholayim by the gazelles and the does of the field; that you do not cause hatred nor disturb this love while it still pleases.
I bind you under oath, daughters of Yerusholayim by the gazelles and the does of the field; that you do not cause hatred nor disturb this love while it still pleases.
Rashi
השבעתי אתכם. האומות בהיותי גולה ביניכם:
I bind you under oath. The nations, while I was exiled among you.
אם תעירו ואם תעוררו. אהבת דודי ממני על ידי פתוי והסתה לעוזבו לשוב מאחריו:
That you do not cause hatred nor disturb the love of my beloved from me through seduction or enticement, to forsake him and to turn away from following him.
עד שתחפץ. בעוד שאהבתו חפץ עלי
While it still pleases. As long as I still desire his love.
מִי זֹאת עֹלָה מִן־הַמִּדְבָּר כְּתִֽימְרוֹת עָשָׁן מְקֻטֶּרֶת מֹר וּלְבוֹנָה מִכֹּל אַבְקַת רוֹכֵֽל׃
Who is this ascending from the wilderness, with palm-like pillars of smoke; in a cloud of myrrh and frankincense, of all the powders of the perfume seller?
Who is this ascending from the wilderness, with palm-like pillars of smoke; in a cloud of myrrh and frankincense, of all the powders of the perfume seller?
Rashi
מי זאת עלה מן המדבר. כשהייתי מהלכת במדבר והיה עמוד האש והענן הולכים לפני והורגים נחשים ועקרבים ושורפין הקוצים והברקנים לעשות הדרך מישור והיה הענן והעשן עולין ורואין אותן האומות ומתמיהות על גדולתי ואומרות מי זאת כלומר כמה גדול' היא זאת העולה מן המדבר וגומר
Who is this ascending from the wilderness. When I was traveling in the wilderness and the pillar of fire and the cloud were going before me, killing snakes and scorpions and burning the thorns and thistles to make a straight path, and [when] the cloud and the smoke were ascending, the nations saw them, and marveled at my greatness, and they would say, “Who is this?” i.e., “How great is she [Bnei Yisroel] who is ascending from the wilderness, etc.!”
כתימרות עשן. גבוה וזקוף כתמר:
With palm-like pillars of smoke. Tall and erect as a palm tree [=תָּמָר.
מקטרת מר. על שם ענן הקטורת שהיה מתמר מעל מזבח הפנימי:
In a cloud of myrrh. [It is so called] because the cloud of incense which would rise straight up from the inner altar.
רוכל. בשם המוכר כל מיני בשמים:
Perfume seller. A spice merchant who sells all types of spices.
אבקת. על שם שכותשין אותו ושוחקין הדק כאבק:
Powders. [It is so called] because they crush it and pound it [until it becomes] as fine as dust.
הִנֵּה מִטָּתוֹ שֶׁלִּשְׁלֹמֹה שִׁשִּׁים גִּבֹּרִים סָבִיב לָהּ מִגִּבֹּרֵי יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃
Behold the bed of Shlomo, sixty mighty men are around it; of the mighty men of Yisroel.
Behold the bed of Shlomo, sixty mighty men are around it; of the mighty men of Yisroel.
Rashi
הנה מטתו שלשלמה. אהל מועד והארון שהיו נושאין במדבר:
Behold the bed of Shlomo. The Tent of Meeting and the Ark,9This is in accordance with Rashi in 1:1 above that Shlomo refers to God, thus “the bed of Shlomo” refers to the resting place of the Divine Presence. which they carried in the wilderness.
ששים גברים סביב לה. ששים רבוא סביב לה:
Sixty mighty men are around it. Sixty myriads surround it.
מגבורי ישראל. מיוצאי הצבא לבד פחותים מבן עשרים והיתרים על בני ששים:
Of the mighty men of Yisroel. Of those who went into the army, excluding those under twenty and those over sixty.
כֻּלָּם אֲחֻזֵי חֶרֶב מְלֻמְּדֵי מִלְחָמָה אִישׁ חַרְבּוֹ עַל־יְרֵכוֹ מִפַּחַד בַּלֵּילֽוֹת׃ {ס}
All of them holding swords, skilled in battle; each with his sword at his side for fear of the nights.
All of them holding swords, skilled in battle; each with his sword at his side for fear of the nights.
Rashi
מלמדי מלחמה. מלחמתה של תורה וכן הכהנים הסובבים אותה החונים סביבות המשכן מלמדי סדר עבודתם:
Skilled in battle. The battle of Torah, and likewise, the kohanim who surround it, who camp around the Tabernacle, are skilled in the order of their service.
איש חרבו. כלי זיינו הן מסורת וסימנים שמעמידים על ידם את הגירסא והמסרה שלא תשכח:
Each with his sword. His weapons are the Masorah [i.e., tradition] and the mnemonics, by which they preserve the correct version and the traditional rendition, so that it will not be forgotten.
מפחד בלילות. פן ישכחוה ויבואו עליהם צרות וכן הוא אומר (תהלים ב) נשקו בר פן יאנף ותאבדו דרך:
For fear of the nights. For if they forget it, and troubles will befall them. And similarly it states, “Arm yourselves with the grain lest He become angry and you lose the way.”10I.e., study the Torah.
אַפִּרְיוֹן עָשָׂה לוֹ הַמֶּלֶךְ שְׁלֹמֹה מֵעֲצֵי הַלְּבָנֽוֹן׃
A canopy has King Shlomo made of the wood of Levanon.
A canopy has King Shlomo made of the wood of Levanon.
Rashi
אפריון עשה לו. זה אהל מועד שנקבע במשכן שילה עשה לו אפריון חופת כתר לכבוד:
A canopy has [King Shlomo] made. This refers to the Tent of Meeting, which was established in the Tabernacle at Shiloh; He made for Himself a crowning canopy for [His] glory.
עַמּוּדָיו עָשָׂה כֶסֶף רְפִידָתוֹ זָהָב מֶרְכָּבוֹ אַרְגָּמָן תּוֹכוֹ רָצוּף אַהֲבָה מִבְּנוֹת יְרוּשָׁלָֽ͏ִם׃
Its pillars he made of silver, its covering of gold, its curtain of purple wool; its interior bedecked with love from the daughters of Yerusholayim.
Its pillars he made of silver, its covering of gold, its curtain of purple wool; its interior bedecked with love from the daughters of Yerusholayim.
Rashi
רפידתו. משכבו ומשכנו על הכפרת שהוא זהב:
Its covering. His resting place and His dwelling were on the Ark cover, which is gold.11See Shemos 25:17, 22.
מרכבו ארגמן. זה הפרכת שהיה תלוי ורוכב על כלונסות מעמוד לעמוד:
Its curtain of purple wool. This is the dividing curtain,12Separating the “Holy Place” from the “Holy of Holies,” See Shemos 26:31,33. which hangs and “rides” on poles from pillar to pillar.
תוכו רצוף. סדור ברצפת אהבה ארון וכפרת וכרובים ולוחות:
Its interior bedecked. It was arranged with a floor [displaying] love;13Alternatively, “its interior filled with burning love.” In Yeshayahu 6:6, “רצפה” means “burning coal.” (Tzror Hamor) the Ark and its cover, cherubim and Tablets.
מבנות ירושלם. אלו ישראל יריאים ושלמים להקב"ה:
From the daughters of Yerusholayim. These are the [Bnei] Yisroel, who fear and are wholehearted toward the Holy One, Blessed Is He.
צְאֶנָה ׀ וּֽרְאֶינָה בְּנוֹת צִיּוֹן בַּמֶּלֶךְ שְׁלֹמֹה בָּעֲטָרָה שֶׁעִטְּרָה־לּוֹ אִמּוֹ בְּיוֹם חֲתֻנָּתוֹ וּבְיוֹם שִׂמְחַת לִבּֽוֹ׃ {ס}
Go forth and gaze, daughters of Tzion, upon King Shlomo; upon the crown with which his mother adorned him on the day of his wedding, and on the day his heart rejoiced.
Go forth and gaze, daughters of Tzion, upon King Shlomo; upon the crown with which his mother adorned him on the day of his wedding, and on the day his heart rejoiced.
Rashi
בנות ציון. בנים שמצויינין לו במילה ובתפילין ובציצית:
Daughters of Tzion. Children who are distinguished מְצוּיָנִים=צֻיָּן as His, through circumcision, phylacteries, and ritual fringes. Upon the crown
בעטרה שעטרה לו אמו. אהל מועד שהוא מעוטר בגוונין תכלת וארגמן ותולעת שני אמר רבי נחוניא שאל רבי שמעון בן יוחאי את רבו אלעזר ברבי יוסי אי איפשר ששמעת מאביך מהו שעטרה לו אמו אמר לו משל למלך שהיתה לו בת יחידה והיה אוהבה ביותר לא זז מחבבה עד שקראה בתי שנאמר (תהלים מה) שמעי בת וראי לא זז מחבבה עד שקראה אחותי שנאמר פתחי לי אחותי רעיתי לא זז מחבבה עד שקראה אמי שנאמר (ישעיה נא) שמעו אלי עמי ולאומי אלי האזינו ולאמי כתיב עמד רבי שמעון בן יוחאי ונשקו על ראשו וכו':
with which his mother adorned him. The Tent of Meeting, which was adorned with hues of blue, purple, and scarlet. Rabbi Nechunya said, “Rabbi Shimon son of Yochai asked Rabbi Elazar the son of Rabbi Yose, ‘Perhaps you heard from your father what is meaning of “upon the crown with which his mother adorned him”?’ He replied, “This is a parable of a king who had an only daughter of whom he was very fond. He could not stop loving her until he called her “my daughter,” as it is stated, “listen daughter and see.”14Tehillim 45:11. He could not stop loving her until he called her “my sister,” as it is stated, “Open for me, my sister, my love.”15Below 5:2. He could not stop loving her until he called her “my mother,” as it is stated, “Listen to Me, My people, and My nation וּלְאֻמִּי give ear to Me.”16Yeshayahu 51:4. “וּלְאֻמִּי” is written [without a vav and can be read as “וּלְאִמִּי” “and to my mother”]. Thereupon Rabbi Shimon son Yochai stood up and kissed him on his head, etc.
ביום חתונתו. יום מתן תורה שעטרוהו להם למלך וקבלו עולו:
On the day of his wedding. The day of the giving of the Torah,17See Mishnayos Ta’anis 4:8. when they crowned Him as their King and accepted His yoke.
וביום שמחת לבו. זה שמיני למילואים שנתחנך בו המשכן במדבר:
And on the day his heart rejoiced. This is the eighth day of the installation,18See Vayikra 9:1. on which the Tabernacle was dedicated in the wilderness.
על משכבי בלילות. בצר לי שישבתי אפילה כל שלשים ושמנה שנה שהיו ישראל נזופים:
On my bed at night. In my distress, when I lived in the darkness1The Bnei Yisroel were left in darkness after the Clouds of Glory had withdrawn from them and the holy crown that had been given to them at Mt. Sinai was taken away. (Targum) for the entire thirty-eight years2After the sin of the spies it was declared that the Bnei Yisroel would wander in the wilderness for forty years. Since two years had already past, they had to wander for another thirty-eight years and during this time the Divine Presence was hidden from them. that the [Bnei] Yisroel were under reproach.