Tanach
Shmuel II 10 שמואל ב י׳
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וַֽיְהִי אַחֲרֵי־כֵן וַיָּמׇת מֶלֶךְ בְּנֵי עַמּוֹן וַיִּמְלֹךְ חָנוּן בְּנוֹ תַּחְתָּֽיו׃
And it was, afterwords [that] the king of the people of Amon died and Chonun, his son reigned in his stead.
And it was, afterwords [that] the king of the people of Amon died and Chonun, his son reigned in his stead.
וַיֹּאמֶר דָּוִד אֶעֱשֶׂה־חֶסֶד ׀ עִם־חָנוּן בֶּן־נָחָשׁ כַּאֲשֶׁר עָשָׂה אָבִיו עִמָּדִי חֶסֶד וַיִּשְׁלַח דָּוִד לְנַחֲמוֹ בְּיַד־עֲבָדָיו אֶל־אָבִיו וַיָּבֹאוּ עַבְדֵי דָוִד אֶרֶץ בְּנֵי עַמּֽוֹן׃
Dovid said, "I will act with kindness towards Chonun, the son of Nochosh as his father acted with kindness towards me." Dovid sent to console him by the hand of his servants about his father. The servants of Dovid came to the land of the people of Amon.
Dovid said, "I will act with kindness towards Chonun, the son of Nochosh as his father acted with kindness towards me." Dovid sent to console him by the hand of his servants about his father. The servants of Dovid came to the land of the people of Amon.
Rashi
וַיֹּאמְרוּ שָׂרֵי בְנֵי־עַמּוֹן אֶל־חָנוּן אֲדֹנֵיהֶם הַֽמְכַבֵּד דָּוִד אֶת־אָבִיךָ בְּעֵינֶיךָ כִּֽי־שָׁלַח לְךָ מְנַחֲמִים הֲלוֹא בַּעֲבוּר חֲקֹר אֶת־הָעִיר וּלְרַגְּלָהּ וּלְהׇפְכָהּ שָׁלַח דָּוִד אֶת־עֲבָדָיו אֵלֶֽיךָ׃
The officers of the people of Amon said to Chonun, their master, "Do you think Dovid honors your father because he has sent [representatives] to console you? It is to investigate the city and to spy on it and to overthrow it [that] Dovid has sent his servants to you."
The officers of the people of Amon said to Chonun, their master, "Do you think Dovid honors your father because he has sent [representatives] to console you? It is to investigate the city and to spy on it and to overthrow it [that] Dovid has sent his servants to you."
Rashi
המכבד דוד את אביך בעיניך. הנראה בעיניך שדוד מכבד את אביך, הם מוזהרים לא תדרוש שלומם, והוא ידרוש שלומך:
Do you think Dovid honors your father. Does it appear in your eyes that Dovid is honoring your father? They are warned, "Do not seek peace with them",2Devorim 23:7. This verse is referring to Amon and Moav mentioned earlier in verse 4. and he is seeking peace with you?
וַיִּקַּח חָנוּן אֶת־עַבְדֵי דָוִד וַיְגַלַּח אֶת־חֲצִי זְקָנָם וַיִּכְרֹת אֶת־מַדְוֵיהֶם בַּחֵצִי עַד שְׁתוֹתֵיהֶם וַֽיְשַׁלְּחֵֽם׃
Chonun took Dovid's servants and shaved off half their beards and tore their clothes halfway, [down] to their buttocks and sent them [away].
Chonun took Dovid's servants and shaved off half their beards and tore their clothes halfway, [down] to their buttocks and sent them [away].
Rashi
מדויהם. חלוקיהם:
Their clothes. Their robes.
שתותיהם. העגבות:
Their buttocks. The buttocks.
וַיַּגִּדוּ לְדָוִד וַיִּשְׁלַח לִקְרָאתָם כִּי־הָיוּ הָאֲנָשִׁים נִכְלָמִים מְאֹד וַיֹּאמֶר הַמֶּלֶךְ שְׁבוּ בִירֵחוֹ עַד־יְצַמַּח זְקַנְכֶם וְשַׁבְתֶּֽם׃
It was told to Dovid and he sent to meet them because the men were very ashamed. The king said, "stay in Yeraicho until your beards grow [back] and [then] return."
It was told to Dovid and he sent to meet them because the men were very ashamed. The king said, "stay in Yeraicho until your beards grow [back] and [then] return."
וַיִּרְאוּ בְּנֵי עַמּוֹן כִּי נִבְאֲשׁוּ בְּדָוִד וַיִּשְׁלְחוּ בְנֵי־עַמּוֹן וַיִּשְׂכְּרוּ אֶת־אֲרַם בֵּית־רְחוֹב וְאֶת־אֲרַם צוֹבָא עֶשְׂרִים אֶלֶף רַגְלִי וְאֶת־מֶלֶךְ מַֽעֲכָה אֶלֶף אִישׁ וְאִישׁ טוֹב שְׁנֵים־עָשָׂר אֶלֶף אִֽישׁ׃
The people of Amon saw that they were disgusting to Dovid. The people of Amon sent and hired Aram, of the house of Rechov and Aram Tsovoh, twenty thousand foot soldiers and king Machoh, a thousand men and Ish Tov, twelve thousand men.
The people of Amon saw that they were disgusting to Dovid. The people of Amon sent and hired Aram, of the house of Rechov and Aram Tsovoh, twenty thousand foot soldiers and king Machoh, a thousand men and Ish Tov, twelve thousand men.
וַיִּשְׁמַע דָּוִד וַיִּשְׁלַח אֶת־יוֹאָב וְאֵת כׇּל־הַצָּבָא הַגִּבֹּרִֽים׃
Dovid heard [this] and sent Yoav and the whole army of mighty men.
Dovid heard [this] and sent Yoav and the whole army of mighty men.
וַיֵּֽצְאוּ בְּנֵי עַמּוֹן וַיַּעַרְכוּ מִלְחָמָה פֶּתַח הַשָּׁעַר וַאֲרַם צוֹבָא וּרְחוֹב וְאִֽישׁ־טוֹב וּמַעֲכָה לְבַדָּם בַּשָּׂדֶֽה׃
The people of Amon went out and arranged war at the opening of the gate. And Aram Tsovoh, Rechov, Ish Tov and Machoh were by themselves [as a second flank] in the field.
The people of Amon went out and arranged war at the opening of the gate. And Aram Tsovoh, Rechov, Ish Tov and Machoh were by themselves [as a second flank] in the field.
וַיַּרְא יוֹאָב כִּֽי־הָיְתָה אֵלָיו פְּנֵי הַמִּלְחָמָה מִפָּנִים וּמֵאָחוֹר וַיִּבְחַר מִכֹּל בְּחוּרֵי (בישראל) [יִשְׂרָאֵל] וַֽיַּעֲרֹךְ לִקְרַאת אֲרָֽם׃
Yoav saw that the fronts of the battle were [against] him from the front and from the rear. He chose from all the young men of Yisroel and set up to meet the men of Arom.
Yoav saw that the fronts of the battle were [against] him from the front and from the rear. He chose from all the young men of Yisroel and set up to meet the men of Arom.
וְאֵת יֶתֶר הָעָם נָתַן בְּיַד אַבְשַׁי אָחִיו וַיַּעֲרֹךְ לִקְרַאת בְּנֵי עַמּֽוֹן׃
The rest of the people he gave to his brother Avshai and set up to meet the people of Amon.
The rest of the people he gave to his brother Avshai and set up to meet the people of Amon.
וַיֹּאמֶר אִם־תֶּחֱזַק אֲרָם מִמֶּנִּי וְהָיִתָה לִּי לִישׁוּעָה וְאִם־בְּנֵי עַמּוֹן יֶחֶזְקוּ מִמְּךָ וְהָלַכְתִּי לְהוֹשִׁיעַֽ לָֽךְ׃
[Yoav] said, "If Arom overpowers me you [come] to save me and if the people of Amon overpower you I will go to save you.
[Yoav] said, "If Arom overpowers me you [come] to save me and if the people of Amon overpower you I will go to save you.
חֲזַק וְנִתְחַזַּק בְּעַד־עַמֵּנוּ וּבְעַד עָרֵי אֱלֹהֵינוּ וַֽיהֹוָה יַעֲשֶׂה הַטּוֹב בְּעֵינָֽיו׃
You be strong and we should be strong for the sake of our people and for the cities of our God and Adonoy will do what's good in His Eyes."
You be strong and we should be strong for the sake of our people and for the cities of our God and Adonoy will do what's good in His Eyes."
וַיִּגַּשׁ יוֹאָב וְהָעָם אֲשֶׁר עִמּוֹ לַמִּלְחָמָה בַּאֲרָם וַיָּנֻסוּ מִפָּנָֽיו׃
Yoav and the people with him approached to [engage in] battle with the men of Arom and they fled from before him.
Yoav and the people with him approached to [engage in] battle with the men of Arom and they fled from before him.
וּבְנֵי עַמּוֹן רָאוּ כִּֽי־נָס אֲרָם וַיָּנֻסוּ מִפְּנֵי אֲבִישַׁי וַיָּבֹאוּ הָעִיר וַיָּשׇׁב יוֹאָב מֵעַל בְּנֵי עַמּוֹן וַיָּבֹא יְרוּשָׁלָֽ͏ִם׃
The people of Amon saw that the men of Arom had fled and they fled from before Avishai and went [back into] the city. Yoav returned from [fighting] against the people of Amon and he came to Yerusholoyim.
The people of Amon saw that the men of Arom had fled and they fled from before Avishai and went [back into] the city. Yoav returned from [fighting] against the people of Amon and he came to Yerusholoyim.
וַיַּרְא אֲרָם כִּי נִגַּף לִפְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל וַיֵּאָסְפוּ יָֽחַד׃
The men of Arom saw that they were stricken before Yisroel and they gathered together.
The men of Arom saw that they were stricken before Yisroel and they gathered together.
וַיִּשְׁלַח הֲדַדְעֶזֶר וַיֹּצֵא אֶת־אֲרָם אֲשֶׁר מֵעֵבֶר הַנָּהָר וַיָּבֹאוּ חֵילָם וְשׁוֹבַךְ שַׂר־צְבָא הֲדַדְעֶזֶר לִפְנֵיהֶֽם׃ {ס}
Hadadezer sent and brought out the men of Arom that were across the river. They came to Chailom and Shovach, the commander of Hadadezer's army was in front of them.
Hadadezer sent and brought out the men of Arom that were across the river. They came to Chailom and Shovach, the commander of Hadadezer's army was in front of them.
Rashi
ושובך שר צבא הדדעזר. על שם שהיה גבור ועריץ מאוד הזכירו בשמו:
Shovach the commander of Hadarezer's aray. Because he was very mighty and powerful, he is mentioned by name.
וַיֻּגַּד לְדָוִד וַיֶּאֱסֹף אֶת־כׇּל־יִשְׂרָאֵל וַיַּעֲבֹר אֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּן וַיָּבֹא חֵלָאמָה וַיַּעַרְכוּ אֲרָם לִקְרַאת דָּוִד וַיִּֽלָּחֲמוּ עִמּֽוֹ׃
It was told to Dovid and he gathered all of Yisroel. He crossed over the Yardein and came to Chailomoh. The men of Arom set up to meet Dovid and fought with him.
It was told to Dovid and he gathered all of Yisroel. He crossed over the Yardein and came to Chailomoh. The men of Arom set up to meet Dovid and fought with him.
וַיָּנׇס אֲרָם מִפְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל וַיַּהֲרֹג דָּוִד מֵאֲרָם שְׁבַע מֵאוֹת רֶכֶב וְאַרְבָּעִים אֶלֶף פָּרָשִׁים וְאֵת שׁוֹבַךְ שַׂר־צְבָאוֹ הִכָּה וַיָּמׇת שָֽׁם׃
The men of Arom fled from before Yisroel. Dovid killed from Arom the men of seven hundred chariots and forty thousand horseman. He struck Shovach, the commander of their army and he died there.
The men of Arom fled from before Yisroel. Dovid killed from Arom the men of seven hundred chariots and forty thousand horseman. He struck Shovach, the commander of their army and he died there.
וַיִּרְאוּ כׇֽל־הַמְּלָכִים עַבְדֵי הֲדַדְעֶזֶר כִּי נִגְּפוּ לִפְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל וַיַּשְׁלִמוּ אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵל וַיַּעַבְדוּם וַיִּֽרְאוּ אֲרָם לְהוֹשִׁיעַ עוֹד אֶת־בְּנֵי עַמּֽוֹן׃ {פ}
All the kings, the servants of Hadadezer saw that they were stricken before Yisroel. They made peace with Yisroel and served them. The men of Arom were afraid to help the people of Amon any more.
All the kings, the servants of Hadadezer saw that they were stricken before Yisroel. They made peace with Yisroel and served them. The men of Arom were afraid to help the people of Amon any more.
כאשר עשה אביו עמדי חסד. ומהו החסד, כשהיה דוד בורח מפני שאול, באו אליו אביו ואמו ואחיו (שמואל-א כב ד): וינחם את פני מלך מואב, ויאמר לו ישב נא אבי ואמי עמך, והרגם, חוץ מאחד מהם שברח ונמלט לארץ בני עמון אצל נחש, (במדרש רבי תנחומא בוירא אליו):
As his father acted with kindness towards me. And what was the kindness? When Dovid was fleeing because of Shaul, his father, mother and brothers came to [join] him. "Dovid led them before the king of Moav"1Shmuel I, 22:4. [Dovid] said to him, "Please, [let] my father and mother dwell with you." [The king of Moav] killed them [all] except for one of them [i.e., the brothers] who fled and escaped to the land of the people of Amon, to Nochosh. This is a Midrash Rebbe Tanchuma in [Parshas] Vayeiroh ailov.