Tanach
Shmuel II 11 שמואל ב י״א
Part of: Petuchah, II Samuel 11:1Setumah, II Samuel 11:2Setumah, II Samuel 11:16Setumah, II Samuel 11:25
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וַיְהִי לִתְשׁוּבַת הַשָּׁנָה לְעֵת ׀ צֵאת הַמְּלָאכִים וַיִּשְׁלַח דָּוִד אֶת־יוֹאָב וְאֶת־עֲבָדָיו עִמּוֹ וְאֶת־כׇּל־יִשְׂרָאֵל וַיַּשְׁחִתוּ אֶת־בְּנֵי עַמּוֹן וַיָּצֻרוּ עַל־רַבָּה וְדָוִד יוֹשֵׁב בִּירוּשָׁלָֽ͏ִם׃ {ס}
And it was at the turn of the year at the time [of year] when kings go forth. Dovid sent Yoav, and his servants with him and all of Yisroel. They destroyed the people of Amon and they beseiged Rabboh [while] Dovid dwelled in Yerushalayim.
And it was at the turn of the year at the time [of year] when kings go forth. Dovid sent Yoav, and his servants with him and all of Yisroel. They destroyed the people of Amon and they beseiged Rabboh [while] Dovid dwelled in Yerushalayim.
Rashi
וַיְהִי ׀ לְעֵת הָעֶרֶב וַיָּקׇם דָּוִד מֵעַל מִשְׁכָּבוֹ וַיִּתְהַלֵּךְ עַל־גַּג בֵּית־הַמֶּלֶךְ וַיַּרְא אִשָּׁה רֹחֶצֶת מֵעַל הַגָּג וְהָאִשָּׁה טוֹבַת מַרְאֶה מְאֹֽד׃
And it was at evening time, and Dovid got up from his bed and was walking on the palace roof. He saw a woman bathing from [his vantage point] on the rooftop and the woman was very beautiful.
And it was at evening time, and Dovid got up from his bed and was walking on the palace roof. He saw a woman bathing from [his vantage point] on the rooftop and the woman was very beautiful.
וַיִּשְׁלַח דָּוִד וַיִּדְרֹשׁ לָאִשָּׁה וַיֹּאמֶר הֲלוֹא־זֹאת בַּת־שֶׁבַע בַּת־אֱלִיעָם אֵשֶׁת אוּרִיָּה הַֽחִתִּֽי׃
Dovid sent and inquired about the woman and he said, "Is this not Bas Shevah, the daughter of Eliom the wife of Urioh, the Hitite."
Dovid sent and inquired about the woman and he said, "Is this not Bas Shevah, the daughter of Eliom the wife of Urioh, the Hitite."
וַיִּשְׁלַח דָּוִד מַלְאָכִים וַיִּקָּחֶהָ וַתָּבוֹא אֵלָיו וַיִּשְׁכַּב עִמָּהּ וְהִיא מִתְקַדֶּשֶׁת מִטֻּמְאָתָהּ וַתָּשׇׁב אֶל־בֵּיתָֽהּ׃
Dovid sent messengers and took her. She came to him and he laid with her, for she had purified herself from her uncleanliness and she returned to her house.
Dovid sent messengers and took her. She came to him and he laid with her, for she had purified herself from her uncleanliness and she returned to her house.
Rashi
מטומאתה. מנדתה:
From her uncleanliness. From her menstrual impurity.
וַתַּהַר הָאִשָּׁה וַתִּשְׁלַח וַתַּגֵּד לְדָוִד וַתֹּאמֶר הָרָה אָנֹֽכִי׃
And the woman conceived and sent and told Dovid and said, "I have conceived."
And the woman conceived and sent and told Dovid and said, "I have conceived."
וַיִּשְׁלַח דָּוִד אֶל־יוֹאָב שְׁלַח אֵלַי אֶת־אוּרִיָּה הַחִתִּי וַיִּשְׁלַח יוֹאָב אֶת־אוּרִיָּה אֶל־דָּוִֽד׃
Dovid sent to Yoav, "Send me Urioh, the Hitite." Yoav sent Urioh to Dovid.
Dovid sent to Yoav, "Send me Urioh, the Hitite." Yoav sent Urioh to Dovid.
Rashi
שלח אלי את אוריה. שהיה מתכוין שישכב עם אשתו, ויהא סבור שממנו היא מעוברת:
Send me Urioh. [Dovid] intended that he [Urioh] lie with his wife in order that it be thought that from him [Urioh] she was pregnant.
וַיָּבֹא אוּרִיָּה אֵלָיו וַיִּשְׁאַל דָּוִד לִשְׁלוֹם יוֹאָב וְלִשְׁלוֹם הָעָם וְלִשְׁלוֹם הַמִּלְחָמָֽה׃
Urioh came to him Dovid asked about Yoav's welfare, the welfare of the people and the welfare of the [soldiers at] war.
Urioh came to him Dovid asked about Yoav's welfare, the welfare of the people and the welfare of the [soldiers at] war.
וַיֹּאמֶר דָּוִד לְאוּרִיָּה רֵד לְבֵיתְךָ וּרְחַץ רַגְלֶיךָ וַיֵּצֵא אֽוּרִיָּה מִבֵּית הַמֶּלֶךְ וַתֵּצֵא אַחֲרָיו מַשְׂאַת הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃
Dovid said to Urioh, "Go down to your house and wash your legs." Urioh left the king's palace the king's meal followed him.
Dovid said to Urioh, "Go down to your house and wash your legs." Urioh left the king's palace the king's meal followed him.
Rashi
משאת המלך. (תרגום:) סעודתא דמלכא:
The king's meal. [Yonasan translates:] the king's meal.1Dovid sent men with provisions for Urioh to be eaten at his home.
וַיִּשְׁכַּב אוּרִיָּה פֶּתַח בֵּית הַמֶּלֶךְ אֵת כׇּל־עַבְדֵי אֲדֹנָיו וְלֹא יָרַד אֶל־בֵּיתֽוֹ׃
Urioh slept at the door of the king's palace with all his master's servants and he did not go down to his house.
Urioh slept at the door of the king's palace with all his master's servants and he did not go down to his house.
וַיַּגִּדוּ לְדָוִד לֵאמֹר לֹא־יָרַד אוּרִיָּה אֶל־בֵּיתוֹ וַיֹּאמֶר דָּוִד אֶל־אוּרִיָּה הֲלוֹא מִדֶּרֶךְ אַתָּה בָא מַדּוּעַ לֹא־יָרַדְתָּ אֶל־בֵּיתֶֽךָ׃
They told to Dovid saying, "Urioh did not go down to his house." Dovid said to Urioh, "You are coming [back] from travelling, why did you not go down to your house."
They told to Dovid saying, "Urioh did not go down to his house." Dovid said to Urioh, "You are coming [back] from travelling, why did you not go down to your house."
וַיֹּאמֶר אוּרִיָּה אֶל־דָּוִד הָאָרוֹן וְיִשְׂרָאֵל וִיהוּדָה יֹשְׁבִים בַּסֻּכּוֹת וַאדֹנִי יוֹאָב וְעַבְדֵי אֲדֹנִי עַל־פְּנֵי הַשָּׂדֶה חֹנִים וַאֲנִי אָבוֹא אֶל־בֵּיתִי לֶאֱכֹל וְלִשְׁתּוֹת וְלִשְׁכַּב עִם־אִשְׁתִּי חַיֶּךָ וְחֵי נַפְשֶׁךָ אִֽם־אֶעֱשֶׂה אֶת־הַדָּבָר הַזֶּֽה׃
Urioh said to Dovid, "The Ark, Yisroel and Yehudah are living in temporary dwellings, and my master Yoav [along with] my master's servants are camping out in the field, and I am going to go to my house to eat and to drink and to sleep with my wife? [Upon] your life and the life of your soul if I should do such a thing."
Urioh said to Dovid, "The Ark, Yisroel and Yehudah are living in temporary dwellings, and my master Yoav [along with] my master's servants are camping out in the field, and I am going to go to my house to eat and to drink and to sleep with my wife? [Upon] your life and the life of your soul if I should do such a thing."
וַיֹּאמֶר דָּוִד אֶל־אוּרִיָּה שֵׁב בָּזֶה גַּם־הַיּוֹם וּמָחָר אֲשַׁלְּחֶךָּ וַיֵּשֶׁב אוּרִיָּה בִירוּשָׁלַ͏ִם בַּיּוֹם הַהוּא וּמִֽמׇּחֳרָֽת׃
Dovid said to Urioh, "Stay here today and tommorrow I shall send you [back]." Urioh stayed in Yerosholoyim on that day and [into] the next.
Dovid said to Urioh, "Stay here today and tommorrow I shall send you [back]." Urioh stayed in Yerosholoyim on that day and [into] the next.
וַיִּקְרָא־לוֹ דָוִד וַיֹּאכַל לְפָנָיו וַיֵּשְׁתְּ וַֽיְשַׁכְּרֵהוּ וַיֵּצֵא בָעֶרֶב לִשְׁכַּב בְּמִשְׁכָּבוֹ עִם־עַבְדֵי אֲדֹנָיו וְאֶל־בֵּיתוֹ לֹא יָרָֽד׃
Dovid summoned him and ate before him and drank and inebriated him. At evening he went out to sleep in his bed together with the servants of his master. He did not go down to his house.
Dovid summoned him and ate before him and drank and inebriated him. At evening he went out to sleep in his bed together with the servants of his master. He did not go down to his house.
וַיְהִי בַבֹּקֶר וַיִּכְתֹּב דָּוִד סֵפֶר אֶל־יוֹאָב וַיִּשְׁלַח בְּיַד אוּרִיָּֽה׃
And it was in the morning Dovid wrote a letter to Yoav and sent it in the hand of Urioh.
And it was in the morning Dovid wrote a letter to Yoav and sent it in the hand of Urioh.
וַיִּכְתֹּב בַּסֵּפֶר לֵאמֹר הָבוּ אֶת־אוּרִיָּה אֶל־מוּל פְּנֵי הַמִּלְחָמָה הַחֲזָקָה וְשַׁבְתֶּם מֵאַחֲרָיו וְנִכָּה וָמֵֽת׃ {ס}
He wrote in the letter saying, "Put Urioh up against the front of the strong [intense] battle and retreat behind him and he will be struck and killed."
He wrote in the letter saying, "Put Urioh up against the front of the strong [intense] battle and retreat behind him and he will be struck and killed."
Rashi
ונכה ומת. כדי שתהא מגורשת למפרע, ונמצא שלא בא על אשת איש, שכל היוצא למלחמה, כותב גט לאשתו על תנאי, אם ימות במלחמה (שבת נו א):
And he will be struck and killed. In order for [Batsheva] to be divorced [from Urioh] retroactively. the result would be that [Dovid] did not cohabit with a married woman. Because all [soldiers] who went out to war wrote a conditional divorce document for their wife should they die in battle.2Rashi in Kesubos 9b gives this same explanation. Tosafos there explains that Rashi means that the condition was not necessarily that the soldier dies, but even if he does not return at the end of the war, the divorce would be valid.
וַיְהִי בִּשְׁמוֹר יוֹאָב אֶל־הָעִיר וַיִּתֵּן אֶת־אוּרִיָּה אֶל־הַמָּקוֹם אֲשֶׁר יָדַע כִּי אַנְשֵׁי־חַיִל שָֽׁם׃
During Yoav's watching of the city, he put Urioh into a place where he knew mighty soldiers were.
During Yoav's watching of the city, he put Urioh into a place where he knew mighty soldiers were.
וַיֵּצְאוּ אַנְשֵׁי הָעִיר וַיִּלָּחֲמוּ אֶת־יוֹאָב וַיִּפֹּל מִן־הָעָם מֵעַבְדֵי דָוִד וַיָּמׇת גַּם אוּרִיָּה הַחִתִּֽי׃
The men of the city went out and fought with Yoav. And there fell some of the people, of Dovid's servants, and Urioh the Chitite also died [there].
The men of the city went out and fought with Yoav. And there fell some of the people, of Dovid's servants, and Urioh the Chitite also died [there].
וַיִּשְׁלַח יוֹאָב וַיַּגֵּד לְדָוִד אֶת־כׇּל־דִּבְרֵי הַמִּלְחָמָֽה׃
Yoav sent [a message], and told Dovid [about] all the battle's events.
Yoav sent [a message], and told Dovid [about] all the battle's events.
וַיְצַו אֶת־הַמַּלְאָךְ לֵאמֹר כְּכַלּוֹתְךָ אֵת כׇּל־דִּבְרֵי הַמִּלְחָמָה לְדַבֵּר אֶל־הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃
He commanded the messenger, saying, "When you finish relating all the events of the war to the king.
He commanded the messenger, saying, "When you finish relating all the events of the war to the king.
וְהָיָה אִֽם־תַּעֲלֶה חֲמַת הַמֶּלֶךְ וְאָמַר לְךָ מַדּוּעַ נִגַּשְׁתֶּם אֶל־הָעִיר לְהִלָּחֵם הֲלוֹא יְדַעְתֶּם אֵת אֲשֶׁר־יֹרוּ מֵעַל הַחוֹמָֽה׃
Should the king [then] get angry and say to you, 'Why did you go [so] close to the city to fight, you knew they would throw [projectiles on you] from [the edge of] the wall?
Should the king [then] get angry and say to you, 'Why did you go [so] close to the city to fight, you knew they would throw [projectiles on you] from [the edge of] the wall?
מִֽי־הִכָּה אֶת־אֲבִימֶלֶךְ בֶּן־יְרֻבֶּשֶׁת הֲלֽוֹא־אִשָּׁה הִשְׁלִיכָה עָלָיו פֶּלַח רֶכֶב מֵעַל הַחוֹמָה וַיָּמׇת בְּתֵבֵץ לָמָּה נִגַּשְׁתֶּם אֶל־הַחוֹמָה וְאָמַרְתָּ גַּם עַבְדְּךָ אוּרִיָּה הַחִתִּי מֵֽת׃
Who struck Avimelech, the son of Yerubeshes? A woman threw [down] on him a millstone from [the edge of] the wall and he died in Tavaitz. Why did you go [so] close to the wall [of the city]?' You should say [in reply] 'Your servant Urioh the Chitite also died.' "
Who struck Avimelech, the son of Yerubeshes? A woman threw [down] on him a millstone from [the edge of] the wall and he died in Tavaitz. Why did you go [so] close to the wall [of the city]?' You should say [in reply] 'Your servant Urioh the Chitite also died.' "
Rashi
בן ירובשת. הוא גדעון, שעשה מריבה עם הבושת, הוא הבעל:
The son of Yerubeshes. This is Gidon who fought with Boshes, which is the Baal.3See Shoftim 6:32. The name יְרֻבֶּשֶׁת is a contraction of the two words, יָרֶב and בָשֶת, fighting with Boshes. Avimelech’s death, referred to here, is related in Shoftim 9:53.
וַיֵּלֶךְ הַמַּלְאָךְ וַיָּבֹא וַיַּגֵּד לְדָוִד אֵת כׇּל־אֲשֶׁר שְׁלָחוֹ יוֹאָֽב׃
The messenger went and came and told Dovid everything that Yoav sent him [to relate].
The messenger went and came and told Dovid everything that Yoav sent him [to relate].
וַיֹּאמֶר הַמַּלְאָךְ אֶל־דָּוִד כִּֽי־גָבְרוּ עָלֵינוּ הָאֲנָשִׁים וַיֵּצְאוּ אֵלֵינוּ הַשָּׂדֶה וַנִּהְיֶה עֲלֵיהֶם עַד־פֶּתַח הַשָּֽׁעַר׃
The messenger said to Dovid, "When the [enemy] men overpowered us, they came out to [engage us in] the field. We [then] were upon them until the entrance of the gate.
The messenger said to Dovid, "When the [enemy] men overpowered us, they came out to [engage us in] the field. We [then] were upon them until the entrance of the gate.
וַיֹּראוּ הַמּוֹרִאים אֶל־עֲבָדֶיךָ מֵעַל הַחוֹמָה וַיָּמוּתוּ מֵעַבְדֵי הַמֶּלֶךְ וְגַם עַבְדְּךָ אוּרִיָּה הַחִתִּי מֵֽת׃ {ס}
The throwers threw down [objects] on your servants from atop the wall. Some of the king's servants were killed and your servant Urioh, the Chitite also died."
The throwers threw down [objects] on your servants from atop the wall. Some of the king's servants were killed and your servant Urioh, the Chitite also died."
וַיֹּאמֶר דָּוִד אֶל־הַמַּלְאָךְ כֹּֽה־תֹאמַר אֶל־יוֹאָב אַל־יֵרַע בְּעֵינֶיךָ אֶת־הַדָּבָר הַזֶּה כִּֽי־כָזֹה וְכָזֶה תֹּאכַל הֶחָרֶב הַחֲזֵק מִלְחַמְתְּךָ אֶל־הָעִיר וְהׇרְסָהּ וְחַזְּקֵֽהוּ׃
Dovid said to the messenger, "Say this to Yoav, 'This thing should not be evil in your eyes for the sword consumes one as well as others. Intensity your war [against] the city and destroy it' and encourage him [Yoav]."
Dovid said to the messenger, "Say this to Yoav, 'This thing should not be evil in your eyes for the sword consumes one as well as others. Intensity your war [against] the city and destroy it' and encourage him [Yoav]."
Rashi
החזק מלחמתך אל העיר והרסה. עד כאן דברי השליחות:
Intensify your war [against] the city and destroy it. The words of the message4From Dovid to Yoav. [end] at this point.
וחזקהו. דוד אמר למלאך, וחזקהו ליואב בדברי תנחומין, שלא ירך לבו:
You should encourage him [Yoav]. Dovid [then] said to the messenger, "Encourage Yoav with consoling words so that his heart should not weaken.
וַתִּשְׁמַע אֵשֶׁת אוּרִיָּה כִּי־מֵת אוּרִיָּה אִישָׁהּ וַתִּסְפֹּד עַל־בַּעְלָֽהּ׃
Urioh's wife heard that her husband Urioh had died and she lamented her husband.
Urioh's wife heard that her husband Urioh had died and she lamented her husband.
וַיַּעֲבֹר הָאֵבֶל וַיִּשְׁלַח דָּוִד וַיַּאַסְפָהּ אֶל־בֵּיתוֹ וַתְּהִי־לוֹ לְאִשָּׁה וַתֵּלֶד לוֹ בֵּן וַיֵּרַע הַדָּבָר אֲשֶׁר־עָשָׂה דָוִד בְּעֵינֵי יְהֹוָֽה׃ {פ}
When the mourning period passed, Dovid sent [for her] and gathered her into his house, and she became a wife to him, and she gave birth to a son by him What Dovid did was bad in the eyes of God.
When the mourning period passed, Dovid sent [for her] and gathered her into his house, and she became a wife to him, and she gave birth to a son by him What Dovid did was bad in the eyes of God.
לעת צאת המלאכים. יש עת בשנה שדרך החיילות לצאת, כשהארץ מלאה קמות, והסוסים מוצאים תבואה בשדה לאכול:
At the time [of year] when kings go forth. There is a time of year when it is the practice that troops go forth, when the land is full of growth and the horses find produce in the field to eat.