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24:3

וַיֹּאמֶר יוֹאָב אֶל־הַמֶּלֶךְ וְיוֹסֵף יְהֹוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ אֶל־הָעָם כָּהֵם ׀ וְכָהֵם מֵאָה פְעָמִים וְעֵינֵי אֲדֹנִֽי־הַמֶּלֶךְ רֹאוֹת וַאדֹנִי הַמֶּלֶךְ לָמָּה חָפֵץ בַּדָּבָר הַזֶּֽה׃

Yoav said to the king, "Adonoy your God should add to the people one hundred times their [current] number, and may my master the king's eyes see it. [But] my master the king, why do you want such a thing?"

Yoav said to the king, "Adonoy your God should add to the people one hundred times their [current] number, and may my master the king's eyes see it. [But] my master the king, why do you want such a thing?"

Rashi

כהם וכהם. כהם כפלים, וכהם שני כפלים, הרי ארבעה כפלים, וכן חוזר וכופל את הכפילה, עד מאה פעמים, נמצאת ברכתו של יואב יתירה על של משה שאמר (דברים א יא): ככם אלף פעמים, ועוד, שברכתו של משה לזמן מרובה, ושל יואב מיד, שנאמר בה: ועיני אדני המלך רואות:

Their [current] number. [Yoav meant with] the word כׇּהֵם to convey that their amount should double and the second word וְכָהֵם, to convey a second doubling to have now a total of four times [the original population] and then to again double the [new] total for one hundred times.1For a total of two hundred times the current population. It follows that Yoav's blessing was more then Moshe's who said, "One thousand times you [current] number".2Devorim 1:11. Furthermore, Moshe's blessing was only [to take effect] a long time [into the future] but Yoav's was intended [to take effect] immediately as it says [here], "[With] my master, the king's eyes [being able to] see it."

24:4

וַיֶּחֱזַק דְּבַר־הַמֶּלֶךְ אֶל־יוֹאָב וְעַל שָׂרֵי הֶחָיִל וַיֵּצֵא יוֹאָב וְשָׂרֵי הַחַיִל לִפְנֵי הַמֶּלֶךְ לִפְקֹד אֶת־הָעָם אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃

The king's word overrode Yoav and the army officers. Yoav and army officers left the king's presence to count the people of Yisroel.

The king's word overrode Yoav and the army officers. Yoav and army officers left the king's presence to count the people of Yisroel.

24:5

וַיַּעַבְרוּ אֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּן וַיַּחֲנוּ בַעֲרוֹעֵר יְמִין הָעִיר אֲשֶׁר בְּתוֹךְ־הַנַּחַל הַגָּד וְאֶל־יַעְזֵֽר׃

They crossed the Yardein and they camped in Aroeir, to the right of the city which was in the valley of to Gad. [From there they went] unto Yazer.

They crossed the Yardein and they camped in Aroeir, to the right of the city which was in the valley of to Gad. [From there they went] unto Yazer.

Rashi

הגד ואל יעזר. התחיל בבני גד, לפי שהם גבורים וקשים, אמר: הלואי וילחמו בי, ויעכבו על ידי:

[The valley of] Gad unto Yazer. He [Yoav] started with the people of Gad because they were hardened warriors. He reasoned, "If only they fight me and stop me".3From taking this census.

24:6

וַיָּבֹאוּ הַגִּלְעָדָה וְאֶל־אֶרֶץ תַּחְתִּים חׇדְשִׁי וַיָּבֹאוּ דָּנָה יַּעַן וְסָבִיב אֶל־צִידֽוֹן׃

They came to Gilod and to a land of a new [settlement]. They came to Don's portion, to Ya'an and [then] around Tsidon.

They came to Gilod and to a land of a new [settlement]. They came to Don's portion, to Ya'an and [then] around Tsidon.

Rashi

ואל ארץ תחתים חדשי. מקום ישוב חדש, שאוכלוסיהן מועטין, אולי בתוך כך יתחרט דוד, וישלח אליו שליח שיחזור בו:

And to a land of a new [settlement]. A place where there was a new settlement whose population was small; perhaps in the interim Dovid would reconsider and sent him a messenger to stop.

דנה. בבני דן:

To Don's portion. To the people of Don.

יען. שם המקום:

Ya'an. The name of the place.

24:7

וַיָּבֹאוּ מִבְצַר־צֹר וְכׇל־עָרֵי הַחִוִּי וְהַֽכְּנַעֲנִי וַיֵּצְאוּ אֶל־נֶגֶב יְהוּדָה בְּאֵר שָֽׁבַע׃

They came to a mountain fortress and all the Chivite and Canaanite cities, they [then] went out to southern Yehudah to Be'er Shovah.

They came to a mountain fortress and all the Chivite and Canaanite cities, they [then] went out to southern Yehudah to Be'er Shovah.

24:8

וַיָּשֻׁטוּ בְּכׇל־הָאָרֶץ וַיָּבֹאוּ מִקְצֵה תִשְׁעָה חֳדָשִׁים וְעֶשְׂרִים יוֹם יְרוּשָׁלָֽ͏ִם׃

They went all over the land and they came at the end of nine months and twenty days to Yerusholoyim.

They went all over the land and they came at the end of nine months and twenty days to Yerusholoyim.

24:9

וַיִּתֵּן יוֹאָב אֶת־מִסְפַּר מִפְקַד־הָעָם אֶל־הַמֶּלֶךְ וַתְּהִי יִשְׂרָאֵל שְֽׁמֹנֶה מֵאוֹת אֶלֶף אִֽישׁ־חַיִל שֹׁלֵֽף חֶרֶב וְאִישׁ יְהוּדָה חֲמֵשׁ־מֵאוֹת אֶלֶף אִֽישׁ׃

Yoav gave the sum of the people's census, to the king, and there were in Yisroel eight hundred thousand valiant men armed with swords and the men of Yehudah were five hundred thousand men.

Yoav gave the sum of the people's census, to the king, and there were in Yisroel eight hundred thousand valiant men armed with swords and the men of Yehudah were five hundred thousand men.

Rashi

מספר מפקד. אם מספר למה מפקד, שני אנפיראות עשה, גדולה וקטנה, אמר אראנו את הקטנה, ואם יקצוף אראנו את הגדולה, לכך נאמר מפקד, לשון חסרון, כך נדרש בפסיקתא:

The sum of the people's census. If there was a counting, why was a [second] counting [needed]?4The verse uses two different words but they both mean “counting.” He [Yoav] made two countings, one major one and one smaller one. He reasoned, "I will show him [Dovid] the smaller one and if he gets angry, I will show him the larger one." That is why the verse uses the word מִפְקָד which conveys [that something is] missing. This is how [the verse] is interpreted in the Pesikta.

ותהי ישראל. תשש כחן כנקבה:

Yisroel's [total] was. They became enfeebled like a woman.5וַתִּהִי is the feminine conjugation.

שמונה מאות אלף. ובדברי הימים (א כא ה) הוא אומר: אלף אלפים ומאה אלף, באגדת אמוראים (ילקוט שמעוני על נ"ך קס״ה:טז) מצינו: אמר רבי יהושע בן לוי, הכתובים מוסיפין כאן מה שחסרו כאן, אלו שני שבטים שלא נמנו, שכך כתיב בדברי הימים (שם פסוק ו): ולוי ובנימן לא פקד בתוכם כי נתעב דבר המלך את יואב. אמר יואב: באלו אני יכול להשמט ולומר, שבט לוי אינו נמנה במנין שאר שבטים כי אם מבן חודש ומעלה, ובנימן, דיו שנחסר וכלה בפלגש בגבעה ובשלשים ושתים מדות דרבי אליעזר בנו של רבי יוסי הגלילי שנינו: כתוב אחד אומר ויהי כל ישראל אלף אלפים ומאה אלף ויהודה ארבע מאות ושבעים אלף, וכתוב אחד אומר ותהי ישראל שמונה מאות אלף ואיש יהודה חמש מאות אלף, נמצא ביניהם שלש מאות אלף, אלו שלש מאות אלף מה טיבן, בא הכתוב השלישי והכריע (שם כז א): ובני ישראל למספרם ראשי האבות ושרי האלפים והמאות ושוטריהם המשרתים את המלך לכל דבר המחלוקת הבאה והיוצאת חדש בחדש לכל חדשי השנה המחלקה האחת עשרים וארבעה אלף, מלמד שאלו שלש מאות אלף היו הכתובים בנימוסו של מלך, ולא היו צריכין לימנות, כיצד, עשרים וארבעה אלף לשנים עשר, הרי כאן מאתים ושמונים אלף ושמונת אלפים, נשתיירו שנים עשר אלף, הן הן נשיאי ישראל:

Eight hundred thousand. But in Divrei Hayomim6Divrei Hayomim I, 21:5. it says, "One million and one hundred thousand"? In the Aggadah of the Amoroyim7Pesikta Raba 11. we find, Rabbi Yehoshua, the son of Levi said The verses fill in in one place what is missing in another place; there are two tribes which were not counted8And they account for the difference. because this is what is written in Divrei Hayomim,9Ibid 21:6. "Levi and Binyomin were not counted among them because the king's command was abhorrent to Yoav." Yoav said, With these [tribes] I can escape [from my commitment] and say [as an excuse] The tribe of Levi is not counted together with the rest of the tribes but [instead] is counted from one month old and up10Bamidbar 2:15. [and as far as] Binyomin [is concerned] it is enough that [their ranks] were depleted by the incident of the concubine in the valley.11The story is related in Shoftim beginning in chapter 19. In the tract about the thirty-two rules [by which the Torah is elucidated] [authored] by Rabbi Eliezer, the son of Rabbi Yosse the Galilite we learned [as follows], one verse says,12Divrei Hayomim I, 21:5. "The [total of] all Yisroel was one million and one hundred thousand… and Yehudah [totaled] four hundred and seventy thousand." Another verse says,13Our verse here. "Yisroel's [total] was eight hundred thousand… and the men of Yehudah were five hundred thousand." The difference between the two [accounts] is three hundred thousand." What happenned to them? A third verse redresses the imbalance, "The people of Yisroel by their number, of the heads of families and the officers in charge of thousands and of hundreds and their marshals serving the king in all matters pertaining to the division those entering [the service] and those leaving, for every month of the year, each division had twenty-four thousand men." This teaches us that the [missing] three hundred thousand were [already] accounted for in the royal record and did not need to be counted [again].14The amount of Yisroel soldiers numbered in Divrei Hayomim is 1,100,000. Subtracting the 800,000 Yisroel soldiers numbered in our verse, we get 300,000. How does this work?15How do we account for 300,000 using this verse that only mentions 24,000. Twenty four thousand for [each of the] twelve [months] gives us two hundred and eighty-eight thousand this leaves us with twelve thousand [still unaccounted for] these are the leaders of Yisroel16The leaders were not included in the 24,000 officers and marshals mentioned in Divrei Hayomim I, 27:1. themselves.17Our verse of 800,000 is the figure of those who needed to be counted. the verse in Divrei Hayomim I, 21:5 includes our 800,000 in addition to the 300,000 already accounted for.

24:10

וַיַּךְ לֵב־דָּוִד אֹתוֹ אַחֲרֵי־כֵן סָפַר אֶת־הָעָם {פ}
וַיֹּאמֶר דָּוִד אֶל־יְהֹוָה חָטָאתִֽי מְאֹד אֲשֶׁר עָשִׂיתִי וְעַתָּה יְהֹוָה הַֽעֲבֶר־נָא אֶת־עֲוֺן עַבְדְּךָ כִּי נִסְכַּלְתִּי מְאֹֽד׃

Dovid's heart pained him that he had counted the people. Dovid said to Adonoy, "I have gravely sinned by what I have done. Now Adonoy, let the sin of your servant pass for I have been very foolish."

Dovid's heart pained him that he had counted the people. Dovid said to Adonoy, "I have gravely sinned by what I have done. Now Adonoy, let the sin of your servant pass for I have been very foolish."

Texts

  • Hebrew: Miqra according to the Masorah · License: CC-BY-SA
  • English: The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J · License: CC-BY
  • Hebrew: On Your Way · License: PD

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