Tanach
Shmuel II 8:9-18 שמואל ב ח׳:ט׳-י״ח
Part of: Chapter 8
Reading: Hebrew · Simple EnglishHebrew · Faithful translationHebrew onlyHebrew · Simple EnglishHebrew · Faithful translationHebrew onlySimple English onlyFaithful translation onlySide by sideRashi
וַיִּשְׁמַע תֹּעִי מֶלֶךְ חֲמָת כִּי הִכָּה דָוִד אֵת כׇּל־חֵיל הֲדַדְעָֽזֶר׃
Toiy the king of Chamos heard that Dovid struck [down] the entire army of Haddadezer.
Toiy the king of Chamos heard that Dovid struck [down] the entire army of Haddadezer.
וַיִּשְׁלַח תֹּעִי אֶת־יֽוֹרָם־בְּנוֹ אֶל־הַמֶּֽלֶךְ־דָּוִד לִשְׁאׇל־לוֹ לְשָׁלוֹם וּֽלְבָרְכוֹ עַל אֲשֶׁר נִלְחַם בַּהֲדַדְעֶזֶר וַיַּכֵּהוּ כִּי־אִישׁ מִלְחֲמוֹת תֹּעִי הָיָה הֲדַדְעָזֶר וּבְיָדוֹ הָיוּ כְּלֵי־כֶסֶף וּכְלֵי־זָהָב וּכְלֵי נְחֹֽשֶׁת׃
Toiy sent his son Yorom to king Dovid to ask of his peace and to bless him because he had fought against Haddadezer and had struck him [down], for Toiy was enemies with Haddadezer. In his [Yoram's] hand were silver utensils, gold utensils and bronze utensils.
Toiy sent his son Yorom to king Dovid to ask of his peace and to bless him because he had fought against Haddadezer and had struck him [down], for Toiy was enemies with Haddadezer. In his [Yoram's] hand were silver utensils, gold utensils and bronze utensils.
גַּם־אֹתָם הִקְדִּישׁ הַמֶּלֶךְ דָּוִד לַיהֹוָה עִם־הַכֶּסֶף וְהַזָּהָב אֲשֶׁר הִקְדִּישׁ מִכׇּל־הַגּוֹיִם אֲשֶׁר כִּבֵּֽשׁ׃
Those [utensils] also king Dovid sanctified for [the service of] Adonoy in addition to the silver and gold that he had sanctified [from what was captured] from all the nations that he had conquered.
Those [utensils] also king Dovid sanctified for [the service of] Adonoy in addition to the silver and gold that he had sanctified [from what was captured] from all the nations that he had conquered.
מֵאֲרָם וּמִמּוֹאָב וּמִבְּנֵי עַמּוֹן וּמִפְּלִשְׁתִּים וּמֵעֲמָלֵק וּמִשְּׁלַל הֲדַדְעֶזֶר בֶּן־רְחֹב מֶלֶךְ צוֹבָֽה׃
From Arom, from Moav, from the children of Amon from the Pleshtim and from Amoleik, and from the booty [captured from] Haddadezer, the son of Rechov, the king of Tsovoh.
From Arom, from Moav, from the children of Amon from the Pleshtim and from Amoleik, and from the booty [captured from] Haddadezer, the son of Rechov, the king of Tsovoh.
וַיַּעַשׂ דָּוִד שֵׁם בְּשֻׁבוֹ מֵהַכּוֹתוֹ אֶת־אֲרָם בְּגֵיא־מֶלַח שְׁמוֹנָה עָשָׂר אָֽלֶף׃
Dovid made a name [for himself] during his return from striking Arom in Gay Melach [and killing] eighteen thousand men.
Dovid made a name [for himself] during his return from striking Arom in Gay Melach [and killing] eighteen thousand men.
Rashi
שמונה עשר אלף. ובספר תהלים (ס ב) הוא אומר: שנים עשר אלף, אמור מעתה, שתי מלחמות היו:
Eighteen thousand. [However] in the Book of Tehilim (60:2) it says, "twelve thousand" Hence we must say [in response] that there were two battles.9With Edom. Tanchuma Devorim.
וַיָּשֶׂם בֶּאֱדוֹם נְצִבִים בְּכׇל־אֱדוֹם שָׂם נְצִבִים וַיְהִי כׇל־אֱדוֹם עֲבָדִים לְדָוִד וַיּוֹשַׁע יְהֹוָה אֶת־דָּוִד בְּכֹל אֲשֶׁר הָלָֽךְ׃
He placed officers in Edom. In all of Edom, he placed officers, and all of Edom were slaves to Dovid. Adonoy protected Dovid wherever he went.
He placed officers in Edom. In all of Edom, he placed officers, and all of Edom were slaves to Dovid. Adonoy protected Dovid wherever he went.
Rashi
נציבים. פקידים לגבות מס:
Officers. Officers to collect the tax.
וַיִּמְלֹךְ דָּוִד עַל־כׇּל־יִשְׂרָאֵל וַיְהִי דָוִד עֹשֶׂה מִשְׁפָּט וּצְדָקָה לְכׇל־עַמּֽוֹ׃
Dovid ruled over all of Yisroel and Dovid rendered judgment and righteousness unto all of his people.
Dovid ruled over all of Yisroel and Dovid rendered judgment and righteousness unto all of his people.
Rashi
ויהי דוד עושה משפט וגו' ויואב על הצבא. דוד גרם ליואב להיות מצליח על הצבא, לפי שעשה משפט וצדקה, ויואב גרם לדוד לעשות משפט וצדקה, לפי שהוא דן, ויואב שוטר ורודה על ידו, ועוד, מתוך שיואב עסק במלחמות, לא היה דוד טרוד בהן, ולבו פתוח לשפוט צדק:
Dovid rendered judgement… Yoav…was [commander] over the army. Dovid caused Yoav to be successful [with his command] over the army because he rendered judgment and righteousness and Yoav caused Dovid to render judgment and righteousness because he [Dovid] judged and Yoav policed and enforced on the basis [of the judgment].10Rashi is learning that the proximity of the verse discussing Dovid’s judgment of the people to the next verse discussing Yoav’s commanding of the army shows that these two phenomena were related. Other prominent leaders are being discussed in the subsequent verses but Yoav is mentioned first immediately after king Dovid. Another [reason is that] because Yoav busied himself with the battles, Dovid was not preoccupied by them and his heart was [able to be] open to judge righteously.
וְיוֹאָב בֶּן־צְרוּיָה עַל־הַצָּבָא וִיהוֹשָׁפָט בֶּן־אֲחִילוּד מַזְכִּֽיר׃
Yoav, the son of Tsruyoh was [commander] over the army and Yehoshophot, the son of Achilud was the announcer [of halachic cases].
Yoav, the son of Tsruyoh was [commander] over the army and Yehoshophot, the son of Achilud was the announcer [of halachic cases].
Rashi
מזכיר. מזכיר איזה דין בא לפניו ראשון, לפוסקו ראשון:
Recorder [of halachic cases]. [He] announced which [case] was to come before him [Dovid] first for it to be ruled on first.
וְצָדוֹק בֶּן־אֲחִיטוּב וַאֲחִימֶלֶךְ בֶּן־אֶבְיָתָר כֹּהֲנִים וּשְׂרָיָה סוֹפֵֽר׃
Tsodok, the son of Achituv and Achimelech, the son of Evyosor were [leaders of] the Kohanim and Seroyoh was the scribe
Tsodok, the son of Achituv and Achimelech, the son of Evyosor were [leaders of] the Kohanim and Seroyoh was the scribe
וּבְנָיָהוּ בֶּן־יְהוֹיָדָע וְהַכְּרֵתִי וְהַפְּלֵתִי וּבְנֵי דָוִד כֹּהֲנִים הָיֽוּ׃ {ס}
Venoyohu, the son of Yehoyodoh [was in charge of] the archers and the sling shooters. The sons of Dovid were [prominent] leaders.
Venoyohu, the son of Yehoyodoh [was in charge of] the archers and the sling shooters. The sons of Dovid were [prominent] leaders.
Rashi
ובניהו בן יהוידע והכרתי והפלתי. תרגם יונתן: ובניהו בר יהוידע ממנא על קשתיא ועל קלעיא. ורבותינו אמרו (ברכות ד א) כרתי ופלתי, אורים ותומים:
Venoyohaa, the son of Yehoyodoh [was in charge of] the archers and the sling shooters. Yonasan translated, "Venoyoha, the son of Yehoydoh was appointed [in charge] over the archers and over the sling shooters." [Alternatively] our Rabbis said [that the words] keraisi and plaisi refer to the Urim and Tumim.11Rashi explains in Shemos 28:30 that this is a reference to the inscription of the Explicit Name which was placed into the folds of the breastplate. Through the breastplate, they would communicate the answers of Hashem to questions the Kohein asked of Him, hence they would (מֵאִיר), light up and explain their words and וּמְתַּמֵּם) complete their words, i.e. make words come true. (Yoma 73b). This explanation of our Rabbis concerning the translation of keraisi and plaisi can be found in Berachos 4a.
כהנים היו. תרגם יונתן: רברבין הוו:
Were prominent [leaders]. [Yonasan translates] "They were prominent."
ויעש דוד שם. שקבר את ההרוגים שהרג באדום, והוא שם טוב לישראל, שקוברין את אויביהם ; וכן הוא אומר במלחמת גוג ומגוג (יחזקאל לט יג): וקברו כל עם הארץ והיה להם לשם. ומנין שקברן דוד, שנאמר בספר מלכים (א יא טו): ויהי בהיות דוד את אדום בעלות יואב שר הצבא לקבר את החללים:
Dovid made a name [for himself]. He buried those of Edom whom he had killed and that is a good name for Yisroel that they bury their enemies. As it says in reference to the war of Gog and Mogog, "All the people of the land will bury and this will acquire for them a name." (Yechezkel 39:13) And how do we know that Dovid buried them? Because it says in the Book of kings (I, 11:15), "And it happened when Dovid was in Edom when Yoav, his army general went up to bury the corpses."