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11:12

וַיִּשְׁלַח יִפְתָּח מַלְאָכִים אֶל־מֶלֶךְ בְּנֵֽי־עַמּוֹן לֵאמֹר מַה־לִּי וָלָךְ כִּֽי־בָאתָ אֵלַי לְהִלָּחֵם בְּאַרְצִֽי׃

Yiftoch dispatched emissaries to the king of the Bnei Ammon, saying, "What is there between us that you have encroached upon me by engaging in warfare in my country?"

Yiftoch dispatched emissaries to the king of the Bnei Ammon, saying, "What is there between us that you have encroached upon me by engaging in warfare in my country?"

11:13

וַיֹּאמֶר מֶלֶךְ בְּנֵֽי־עַמּוֹן אֶל־מַלְאֲכֵי יִפְתָּח כִּֽי־לָקַח יִשְׂרָאֵל אֶת־אַרְצִי בַּעֲלוֹתוֹ מִמִּצְרַיִם מֵאַרְנוֹן וְעַד־הַיַּבֹּק וְעַד־הַיַּרְדֵּן וְעַתָּה הָשִׁיבָה אֶתְהֶן בְּשָׁלֽוֹם׃

The king of the Bnei Ammon replied to Yiftoch's emissaries, "Because Yisroel annexed my country when ascending from Mitzrayim; from Arnon to the Yabok to the Yardein. Restore them now in peace."

The king of the Bnei Ammon replied to Yiftoch's emissaries, "Because Yisroel annexed my country when ascending from Mitzrayim; from Arnon to the Yabok to the Yardein. Restore them now in peace."

11:14

וַיּוֹסֶף עוֹד יִפְתָּח וַיִּשְׁלַח מַלְאָכִים אֶל־מֶלֶךְ בְּנֵי עַמּֽוֹן׃

Yiftoch continued further, and dispatched emissaries to the king of the Bnei Ammon.

Yiftoch continued further, and dispatched emissaries to the king of the Bnei Ammon.

11:15

וַיֹּאמֶר לוֹ כֹּה אָמַר יִפְתָּח לֹֽא־לָקַח יִשְׂרָאֵל אֶת־אֶרֶץ מוֹאָב וְאֶת־אֶרֶץ בְּנֵי עַמּֽוֹן׃

He said to him, "Yiftoch declares the following: Yisroel never annexed the country of Moav and the country of the Bnei Ammon.

He said to him, "Yiftoch declares the following: Yisroel never annexed the country of Moav and the country of the Bnei Ammon.

11:16

כִּי בַּעֲלוֹתָם מִמִּצְרָיִם וַיֵּלֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵל בַּמִּדְבָּר עַד־יַם־סוּף וַיָּבֹא קָדֵֽשָׁה׃

For, when ascending from Mitzrayim, Yisroel travelled in the wilderness until the Reed sea, until they reached Kodeish.

For, when ascending from Mitzrayim, Yisroel travelled in the wilderness until the Reed sea, until they reached Kodeish.

Rashi

עד ים סוף. בדרומה של ארץ אדום, וארץ אדום בדרומה של ארץ כנען:

Until the Reed Sea. South of the land of Edom, while the land of Edom is south of the land of Canaan.

11:17

וַיִּשְׁלַח יִשְׂרָאֵל מַלְאָכִים ׀ אֶל־מֶלֶךְ אֱדוֹם ׀ לֵאמֹר אֶעְבְּרָה־נָּא בְאַרְצֶךָ וְלֹא שָׁמַע מֶלֶךְ אֱדוֹם וְגַם אֶל־מֶלֶךְ מוֹאָב שָׁלַח וְלֹא אָבָה וַיֵּשֶׁב יִשְׂרָאֵל בְּקָדֵֽשׁ׃

Yisroel dispatched emissaries to the king of Edom, saying, 'Please allow me to traverse your country,' but the king of Edom paid no heed. They dispatched to the king of Moav, as well, and he refused. Yisroel remained at Kodeish.

Yisroel dispatched emissaries to the king of Edom, saying, 'Please allow me to traverse your country,' but the king of Edom paid no heed. They dispatched to the king of Moav, as well, and he refused. Yisroel remained at Kodeish.

Rashi

אעברה נא בארצך. מדרום לצפון, ליכנס לארץ כנען:

Please allow me to traverse your country. From south to north, in order to enter the land of Canaan.

וגם אל מלך מואב. שהיתה ארצו בסוף ארץ אדום, במזרחה של אדום ובדרומה של ארץ ישראל:

To the king of Moav as well. Whose country bordered the extremity of the land of Edom, east of Edom, and south of Eretz Yisroel.

ולא אבה. משה רמזה בתורה (דברים ב כט): כאשר עשו לי בני עשו היושבים בשעיר והמואבים היושבים בער, כשם שאדום לא נתנום לעבור, כך מואב לא נתנום לעבור:

And he refused. Moshe alludes to this in the Torah, "As perpetrated against me by the Bnei Eisov residing at Sair, and the Moavites residing at Ar."2Devarim, 2:29. Just as Edom refused them permission to pass, so did Moav refuse them permission to pass.

11:18

וַיֵּלֶךְ בַּמִּדְבָּר וַיָּסׇב אֶת־אֶרֶץ אֱדוֹם וְאֶת־אֶרֶץ מוֹאָב וַיָּבֹא מִמִּזְרַח־שֶׁמֶשׁ לְאֶרֶץ מוֹאָב וַֽיַּחֲנוּן בְּעֵבֶר אַרְנוֹן וְלֹֽא־בָאוּ בִּגְבוּל מוֹאָב כִּי אַרְנוֹן גְּבוּל מוֹאָֽב׃

They then continued through the wilderness, circumvented the land of Edom and the land of Moav, [they] arrived at the east of the land of Moav, and camped opposite Arnon. They never encroached upon the Moabite border, for Arnon is the Moabite border.

They then continued through the wilderness, circumvented the land of Edom and the land of Moav, [they] arrived at the east of the land of Moav, and camped opposite Arnon. They never encroached upon the Moabite border, for Arnon is the Moabite border.

Rashi

וילך במדבר. מן המערב למזרח, במיצר דרומי של אדום ומואב:

They then continued through the wilderness from west to east, along the southern borders of Edom and Moav.

ויסב את ארץ אדום. כל דרומה:

Circumvented the land of Edom. All of its southern border.

ואת ארץ מואב. כל דרומה, וכשהגיע למקצוע דרומית מזרחית, פנה אל הצפון לסבוב את מיצר המזרחי:

And the land of Moav. All of its southern border. When they reached the southeastern corner, they angled northward along the periphery of the eastern border.

ויבא ממזרח שמש לארץ מואב ויחנון בעבר ארנון. לסוף מזרחה של ארץ מואב, ושם התחילה ארץ סיחון ועוג, וכבשו עבר הירדן במזרח ארץ כנען ועברו הירדן, ונכנסו לה לארץ כנען דרך המזרח:

Arrived at the east of the land of Moav, and camped opposite Arnon. At the end of the eastern border of the land of Moav. This was the starting point of the lands of Sichon and Og. They conquered the trans-Yardeinian territory east of the land of Canaan, crossed the Yardein, and invaded the land of Canaan by the eastern route.

11:19

וַיִּשְׁלַח יִשְׂרָאֵל מַלְאָכִים אֶל־סִיחוֹן מֶלֶךְ־הָאֱמֹרִי מֶלֶךְ חֶשְׁבּוֹן וַיֹּאמֶר לוֹ יִשְׂרָאֵל נַעְבְּרָה־נָּא בְאַרְצְךָ עַד־מְקוֹמִֽי׃

Yisroel then dispatched emissaries to Sichon, king of the Emorites, king of Cheshbon. Yisroel said to him, 'Please, let us traverse your country until our destination.'

Yisroel then dispatched emissaries to Sichon, king of the Emorites, king of Cheshbon. Yisroel said to him, 'Please, let us traverse your country until our destination.'

11:20

וְלֹא־הֶאֱמִין סִיחוֹן אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵל עֲבֹר בִּגְבֻלוֹ וַיֶּאֱסֹף סִיחוֹן אֶת־כׇּל־עַמּוֹ וַֽיַּחֲנוּ בְּיָהְצָה וַיִּלָּחֶם עִם־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃

Sichon would not place his faith in Yisroel by permitting them to cross his border. Sichon assembled all his people, camped at Yahetzah, and waged war with Yisroel.

Sichon would not place his faith in Yisroel by permitting them to cross his border. Sichon assembled all his people, camped at Yahetzah, and waged war with Yisroel.

11:21

וַיִּתֵּן יְהֹוָה אֱלֹהֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל אֶת־סִיחוֹן וְאֶת־כׇּל־עַמּוֹ בְּיַד יִשְׂרָאֵל וַיַּכּוּם וַיִּירַשׁ יִשְׂרָאֵל אֵת כׇּל־אֶרֶץ הָאֱמֹרִי יוֹשֵׁב הָאָרֶץ הַהִֽיא׃

Adonoy, God of Yisroel, delivered Sichon and his entire people into Yisroel's hand; and they struck them down. Yisroel took possession of all the land of the Emorites, who inhabited that land.

Adonoy, God of Yisroel, delivered Sichon and his entire people into Yisroel's hand; and they struck them down. Yisroel took possession of all the land of the Emorites, who inhabited that land.

11:22

וַיִּירְשׁוּ אֵת כׇּל־גְּבוּל הָאֱמֹרִי מֵֽאַרְנוֹן וְעַד־הַיַּבֹּק וּמִן־הַמִּדְבָּר וְעַד־הַיַּרְדֵּֽן׃

They took possession of everything within the Emorite borders, from Arnon to the Yabok, from the wilderness to the Yardein.

They took possession of everything within the Emorite borders, from Arnon to the Yabok, from the wilderness to the Yardein.

Rashi

ויירשו וגו' מארנון ועד היבק. שאתה אומר שהוא שלך (פסוק יג), הם מסיחון לקחו:

They took possession, etc., from Arnon to the Yabok. Which you claim as yours, they annexed from Sichon.

ומן המדבר ועד הירדן. מדברות היו שם לפני הירדן:

From the wilderness to the Yardein. There was a wilderness area adjoining the Yardein.

11:23

וְעַתָּה יְהֹוָה ׀ אֱלֹהֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל הוֹרִישׁ אֶת־הָאֱמֹרִי מִפְּנֵי עַמּוֹ יִשְׂרָאֵל וְאַתָּה תִּירָשֶֽׁנּוּ׃

Now Adonoy, God of Yisroel, ejected the Emorites from before His people Yisroel, and you think to take possession of it?

Now Adonoy, God of Yisroel, ejected the Emorites from before His people Yisroel, and you think to take possession of it?

11:24

הֲלֹא אֵת אֲשֶׁר יוֹרִֽישְׁךָ כְּמוֹשׁ אֱלֹהֶיךָ אוֹתוֹ תִירָשׁ וְאֵת כׇּל־אֲשֶׁר הוֹרִישׁ יְהֹוָה אֱלֹהֵינוּ מִפָּנֵינוּ אוֹתוֹ נִירָֽשׁ׃

Will you not take possession of everything that your god, K'mosh bestows upon you? So, whomever Adonoy our God ejects before us, [that land] we shall take into our possession.

Will you not take possession of everything that your god, K'mosh bestows upon you? So, whomever Adonoy our God ejects before us, [that land] we shall take into our possession.

11:25

וְעַתָּה הֲטוֹב טוֹב אַתָּה מִבָּלָק בֶּן־צִפּוֹר מֶלֶךְ מוֹאָב הֲרוֹב רָב עִם־יִשְׂרָאֵל אִם־נִלְחֹם נִלְחַם בָּֽם׃

Now, are you superior to Balak ben Tzipor, king of Moav? Did he clash with Yisroel? Did he wage war against them?

Now, are you superior to Balak ben Tzipor, king of Moav? Did he clash with Yisroel? Did he wage war against them?

11:26

בְּשֶׁבֶת יִשְׂרָאֵל בְּחֶשְׁבּוֹן וּבִבְנוֹתֶיהָ וּבְעַרְעוֹר וּבִבְנוֹתֶיהָ וּבְכׇל־הֶֽעָרִים אֲשֶׁר עַל־יְדֵי אַרְנוֹן שְׁלֹשׁ מֵאוֹת שָׁנָה וּמַדּוּעַ לֹֽא־הִצַּלְתֶּם בָּעֵת הַהִֽיא׃

When Yisroel occupied Cheshbon and its villages, Areor and its villages, and all the cities adjoining Arnon, for three hundred years; why did you not recoup them at that time?

When Yisroel occupied Cheshbon and its villages, Areor and its villages, and all the cities adjoining Arnon, for three hundred years; why did you not recoup them at that time?

Rashi

על ידי ארנון. אצל ארנון, שהיו ממואב, וידעו שלא היה להם לעבור עליהם, שהרי מסיחון כבשום (במדבר כא כד), שלקחם ממלך מואב (שם שם כו):

Adjoining [lit. by the hands of] Arnon. Near Arnon. These cities had belonged to Moav, but they recognized that they could not lay claim to them, since they were confiscated from Sichon, who had annexed them from the king of Moav.

שלש מאות שנה. משכבשו את הארץ בימי יהושע עד יפתח מכאן יש ללמוד שנות השופטים הנזכרים עד הנה, אם שני השעבוד של כל אומה נמנים בתוך ימי השופט אם לאו. שנינו בסדר עולם (פרק יב): יהושע פרנס את ישראל עשרים ושמונה שנה, ואין לו מקרא ממי ללמוד. עתניאל (לעיל ג יא), ארבעים שנה, ושני שעבוד של כושן רשעתים (שם שם ח), בכללם אחריו אהוד (שם שם ל), שמונים שנה, שמונה עשרה שנים, שעבוד של עגלון (שם שם יד) בתוכם, הרי מאה ארבעים ושמונה שנה. דבורה (שם ה לא) ארבעים שנה, ושני שעבוד יבין (שם ד ג) בתוכם, הרי מאה שמונים ושמונה. אחריו, שבע שנים של שעבוד מדין (שם ו א), וארבעים של גדעון (שם ח כח), ושלש של אבימלך (שם ט כב), הרי מאתים שלשים ושמונה שנים. אחריו, עשרים ושלש של תולע (שם י ב), ועשרים ושתים של יאיר (שם י ג), אלא שעלתה שנה אחת לשניהם, ושמונה עשרה של בני עמון (שם שם ח) עד שלא בא יפתח, הרי שלש מאות:

Three centuries from the conquest of the land in the days of Yehoshua, until Yiftoch. This teaches us concerning the years of the Judges mentioned until now—whether the years of subjugation by the nations are included in the reckoning of the days of the Judge, or not.3The three hundred year total is only accurate if certain of the years of subjugation are included in the years of the judge, and certain years are not, as Rashi explains below. We learn in Seder Olam:4Ch. 12. Yehoshua directed Yisroel for twenty eight years—I am not aware of any Scriptural derivation for this. Asniel for forty years,5 the years of subjugation by Cushan Rishasaim are included.6Eight years. (3:8). Afterward, Ehud for eighty years,7 with the eighteen years of subjugation by Eglon8 included. This totals one hundred forty eight years. Devorah for forty years,9 with the years of subjugation by Yavin10Twenty years. (4:3.) included, totaling one hundred eighty eight years. Afterward, seven years of subjugation by Midyon,11 forty years of Gidon,12 and13 three of Avimelech, totaling two hundred thirty eight years. Afterward, twenty three years of Tola14 and twenty two of Yair,15 with one year overlapping both, and eighteen years of the Bnei Ammon16 until Yiftoch's appearance. This totals three hundred.

11:27

וְאָֽנֹכִי לֹא־חָטָאתִי לָךְ וְאַתָּה עֹשֶׂה אִתִּי רָעָה לְהִלָּחֶם בִּי יִשְׁפֹּט יְהֹוָה הַשֹּׁפֵט הַיּוֹם בֵּין בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל וּבֵין בְּנֵי עַמּֽוֹן׃

I have not wronged you, yet you act badly towards me by waging war against me. May Adonoy who sits in judgement decide today between the Bnei Yisroel and the Bnei Amman."

I have not wronged you, yet you act badly towards me by waging war against me. May Adonoy who sits in judgement decide today between the Bnei Yisroel and the Bnei Amman."

11:28

וְלֹא שָׁמַע מֶלֶךְ בְּנֵי עַמּוֹן אֶל־דִּבְרֵי יִפְתָּח אֲשֶׁר שָׁלַח אֵלָֽיו׃ {פ}

The king of the Bnei Ammon paid no heed to the message Yiftoch sent him.

The king of the Bnei Ammon paid no heed to the message Yiftoch sent him.

Texts

  • Hebrew: Miqra according to the Masorah · License: CC-BY-SA
  • English: The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J · License: CC-BY
  • Hebrew: On Your Way · License: PD

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