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11:1

וְיִפְתָּח הַגִּלְעָדִי הָיָה גִּבּוֹר חַיִל וְהוּא בֶּן־אִשָּׁה זוֹנָה וַיּוֹלֶד גִּלְעָד אֶת־יִפְתָּֽח׃

Yiftoch the Gilodi was supremely powerful. He was the son of a woman innkeeper. Gilod fathered Yiftoch.

Yiftoch the Gilodi was supremely powerful. He was the son of a woman innkeeper. Gilod fathered Yiftoch.

11:2

וַתֵּלֶד אֵֽשֶׁת־גִּלְעָד לוֹ בָּנִים וַיִּגְדְּלוּ בְֽנֵי־הָאִשָּׁה וַיְגָרְשׁוּ אֶת־יִפְתָּח וַיֹּאמְרוּ לוֹ לֹא־תִנְחַל בְּבֵית־אָבִינוּ כִּי בֶּן־אִשָּׁה אַחֶרֶת אָֽתָּה׃

Gilod's wife bore him sons. When the woman's sons matured, they ejected Yiftoch, telling him, "You have no birthright in our father's house, as you are the child of a different wife."

Gilod's wife bore him sons. When the woman's sons matured, they ejected Yiftoch, telling him, "You have no birthright in our father's house, as you are the child of a different wife."

11:3

וַיִּבְרַח יִפְתָּח מִפְּנֵי אֶחָיו וַיֵּשֶׁב בְּאֶרֶץ טוֹב וַיִּֽתְלַקְּטוּ אֶל־יִפְתָּח אֲנָשִׁים רֵיקִים וַיֵּצְאוּ עִמּֽוֹ׃ {פ}

Yiftoch fled from his brothers' presence, and settled in the land of Tov. Idlers collected around Yiftoch, and travelled with him.

Yiftoch fled from his brothers' presence, and settled in the land of Tov. Idlers collected around Yiftoch, and travelled with him.

11:4

וַיְהִי מִיָּמִים וַיִּלָּחֲמוּ בְנֵֽי־עַמּוֹן עִם־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃

Years passed, and the Bnei Ammon waged war against Yisroel.

Years passed, and the Bnei Ammon waged war against Yisroel.

Rashi

וילחמו בני עמון. היא האמורה למעלה (י ט):

The Bnei Ammon waged war. As mentioned above.1

11:5

וַיְהִי כַּאֲשֶׁר־נִלְחֲמוּ בְנֵֽי־עַמּוֹן עִם־יִשְׂרָאֵל וַיֵּֽלְכוּ זִקְנֵי גִלְעָד לָקַחַת אֶת־יִפְתָּח מֵאֶרֶץ טֽוֹב׃

It happened that, when the Bnei Ammon waged war against Yisroel, the elders of Gilod went to bring Yiftoch from the land of Tov.

It happened that, when the Bnei Ammon waged war against Yisroel, the elders of Gilod went to bring Yiftoch from the land of Tov.

11:6

וַיֹּאמְרוּ לְיִפְתָּח לְכָה וְהָיִיתָה לָּנוּ לְקָצִין וְנִֽלָּחֲמָה בִּבְנֵי עַמּֽוֹן׃

They said to Yiftoch, "Come, be our commander! Let us fight the Bnei Ammon!"

They said to Yiftoch, "Come, be our commander! Let us fight the Bnei Ammon!"

11:7

וַיֹּאמֶר יִפְתָּח לְזִקְנֵי גִלְעָד הֲלֹא אַתֶּם שְׂנֵאתֶם אוֹתִי וַתְּגָרְשׁוּנִי מִבֵּית אָבִי וּמַדּוּעַ בָּאתֶם אֵלַי עַתָּה כַּאֲשֶׁר צַר לָכֶֽם׃

Yiftoch retorted to the elders of Gilod, "Did you not hate me, and eject me from my father's house? Why have you approached me now, when you are in trouble?"

Yiftoch retorted to the elders of Gilod, "Did you not hate me, and eject me from my father's house? Why have you approached me now, when you are in trouble?"

11:8

וַיֹּאמְרוּ זִקְנֵי גִלְעָד אֶל־יִפְתָּח לָכֵן עַתָּה שַׁבְנוּ אֵלֶיךָ וְהָלַכְתָּ עִמָּנוּ וְנִלְחַמְתָּ בִּבְנֵי עַמּוֹן וְהָיִיתָ לָּנוּ לְרֹאשׁ לְכֹל יֹשְׁבֵי גִלְעָֽד׃

The elders of Gilod replied to Yiftoch, "For this very reason we have returned to you now. Come along with us and fight the Bnei Ammon, and you will be, for us, head of all those who inhabit Gilod."

The elders of Gilod replied to Yiftoch, "For this very reason we have returned to you now. Come along with us and fight the Bnei Ammon, and you will be, for us, head of all those who inhabit Gilod."

11:9

וַיֹּאמֶר יִפְתָּח אֶל־זִקְנֵי גִלְעָד אִם־מְשִׁיבִים אַתֶּם אוֹתִי לְהִלָּחֵם בִּבְנֵי עַמּוֹן וְנָתַן יְהֹוָה אוֹתָם לְפָנָי אָנֹכִי אֶהְיֶה לָכֶם לְרֹֽאשׁ׃

Yiftoch said to the elders of Gilod, "If you repatriate me to fight the Bnei Ammon, and Adonoy delivers them over to me, I will be your head."

Yiftoch said to the elders of Gilod, "If you repatriate me to fight the Bnei Ammon, and Adonoy delivers them over to me, I will be your head."

11:10

וַיֹּאמְרוּ זִקְנֵֽי־גִלְעָד אֶל־יִפְתָּח יְהֹוָה יִֽהְיֶה שֹׁמֵעַ בֵּינוֹתֵינוּ אִם־לֹא כִדְבָרְךָ כֵּן נַעֲשֶֽׂה׃

The elders of Gilod declared to Yiftoch, "May Adonoy take heed of what has passed between us, if we do not fulfill your stipulations."

The elders of Gilod declared to Yiftoch, "May Adonoy take heed of what has passed between us, if we do not fulfill your stipulations."

11:11

וַיֵּלֶךְ יִפְתָּח עִם־זִקְנֵי גִלְעָד וַיָּשִׂימוּ הָעָם אוֹתוֹ עֲלֵיהֶם לְרֹאשׁ וּלְקָצִין וַיְדַבֵּר יִפְתָּח אֶת־כׇּל־דְּבָרָיו לִפְנֵי יְהֹוָה בַּמִּצְפָּֽה׃ {פ}

Yiftoch accompanied the elders of Gilod, and the people designated him as their head and commander. Yiftoch articulated all his stipulations before Adonoy, at Mitzpah.

Yiftoch accompanied the elders of Gilod, and the people designated him as their head and commander. Yiftoch articulated all his stipulations before Adonoy, at Mitzpah.

Rashi

את כל דבריו. התנאי שביניהם:

All his stipulations. The conditions between them.

לפני ה' במצפה. למקום שנאספו כולם, שהשכינה שורה על רוב צבור:

Before Adonoy, at Mitzpah. Where everyone was assembled, as the Divine Presence rests upon multitudes.

11:12

וַיִּשְׁלַח יִפְתָּח מַלְאָכִים אֶל־מֶלֶךְ בְּנֵֽי־עַמּוֹן לֵאמֹר מַה־לִּי וָלָךְ כִּֽי־בָאתָ אֵלַי לְהִלָּחֵם בְּאַרְצִֽי׃

Yiftoch dispatched emissaries to the king of the Bnei Ammon, saying, "What is there between us that you have encroached upon me by engaging in warfare in my country?"

Yiftoch dispatched emissaries to the king of the Bnei Ammon, saying, "What is there between us that you have encroached upon me by engaging in warfare in my country?"

11:13

וַיֹּאמֶר מֶלֶךְ בְּנֵֽי־עַמּוֹן אֶל־מַלְאֲכֵי יִפְתָּח כִּֽי־לָקַח יִשְׂרָאֵל אֶת־אַרְצִי בַּעֲלוֹתוֹ מִמִּצְרַיִם מֵאַרְנוֹן וְעַד־הַיַּבֹּק וְעַד־הַיַּרְדֵּן וְעַתָּה הָשִׁיבָה אֶתְהֶן בְּשָׁלֽוֹם׃

The king of the Bnei Ammon replied to Yiftoch's emissaries, "Because Yisroel annexed my country when ascending from Mitzrayim; from Arnon to the Yabok to the Yardein. Restore them now in peace."

The king of the Bnei Ammon replied to Yiftoch's emissaries, "Because Yisroel annexed my country when ascending from Mitzrayim; from Arnon to the Yabok to the Yardein. Restore them now in peace."

11:14

וַיּוֹסֶף עוֹד יִפְתָּח וַיִּשְׁלַח מַלְאָכִים אֶל־מֶלֶךְ בְּנֵי עַמּֽוֹן׃

Yiftoch continued further, and dispatched emissaries to the king of the Bnei Ammon.

Yiftoch continued further, and dispatched emissaries to the king of the Bnei Ammon.

11:15

וַיֹּאמֶר לוֹ כֹּה אָמַר יִפְתָּח לֹֽא־לָקַח יִשְׂרָאֵל אֶת־אֶרֶץ מוֹאָב וְאֶת־אֶרֶץ בְּנֵי עַמּֽוֹן׃

He said to him, "Yiftoch declares the following: Yisroel never annexed the country of Moav and the country of the Bnei Ammon.

He said to him, "Yiftoch declares the following: Yisroel never annexed the country of Moav and the country of the Bnei Ammon.

11:16

כִּי בַּעֲלוֹתָם מִמִּצְרָיִם וַיֵּלֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵל בַּמִּדְבָּר עַד־יַם־סוּף וַיָּבֹא קָדֵֽשָׁה׃

For, when ascending from Mitzrayim, Yisroel travelled in the wilderness until the Reed sea, until they reached Kodeish.

For, when ascending from Mitzrayim, Yisroel travelled in the wilderness until the Reed sea, until they reached Kodeish.

Rashi

עד ים סוף. בדרומה של ארץ אדום, וארץ אדום בדרומה של ארץ כנען:

Until the Reed Sea. South of the land of Edom, while the land of Edom is south of the land of Canaan.

11:17

וַיִּשְׁלַח יִשְׂרָאֵל מַלְאָכִים ׀ אֶל־מֶלֶךְ אֱדוֹם ׀ לֵאמֹר אֶעְבְּרָה־נָּא בְאַרְצֶךָ וְלֹא שָׁמַע מֶלֶךְ אֱדוֹם וְגַם אֶל־מֶלֶךְ מוֹאָב שָׁלַח וְלֹא אָבָה וַיֵּשֶׁב יִשְׂרָאֵל בְּקָדֵֽשׁ׃

Yisroel dispatched emissaries to the king of Edom, saying, 'Please allow me to traverse your country,' but the king of Edom paid no heed. They dispatched to the king of Moav, as well, and he refused. Yisroel remained at Kodeish.

Yisroel dispatched emissaries to the king of Edom, saying, 'Please allow me to traverse your country,' but the king of Edom paid no heed. They dispatched to the king of Moav, as well, and he refused. Yisroel remained at Kodeish.

Rashi

אעברה נא בארצך. מדרום לצפון, ליכנס לארץ כנען:

Please allow me to traverse your country. From south to north, in order to enter the land of Canaan.

וגם אל מלך מואב. שהיתה ארצו בסוף ארץ אדום, במזרחה של אדום ובדרומה של ארץ ישראל:

To the king of Moav as well. Whose country bordered the extremity of the land of Edom, east of Edom, and south of Eretz Yisroel.

ולא אבה. משה רמזה בתורה (דברים ב כט): כאשר עשו לי בני עשו היושבים בשעיר והמואבים היושבים בער, כשם שאדום לא נתנום לעבור, כך מואב לא נתנום לעבור:

And he refused. Moshe alludes to this in the Torah, "As perpetrated against me by the Bnei Eisov residing at Sair, and the Moavites residing at Ar."2Devarim, 2:29. Just as Edom refused them permission to pass, so did Moav refuse them permission to pass.

11:18

וַיֵּלֶךְ בַּמִּדְבָּר וַיָּסׇב אֶת־אֶרֶץ אֱדוֹם וְאֶת־אֶרֶץ מוֹאָב וַיָּבֹא מִמִּזְרַח־שֶׁמֶשׁ לְאֶרֶץ מוֹאָב וַֽיַּחֲנוּן בְּעֵבֶר אַרְנוֹן וְלֹֽא־בָאוּ בִּגְבוּל מוֹאָב כִּי אַרְנוֹן גְּבוּל מוֹאָֽב׃

They then continued through the wilderness, circumvented the land of Edom and the land of Moav, [they] arrived at the east of the land of Moav, and camped opposite Arnon. They never encroached upon the Moabite border, for Arnon is the Moabite border.

They then continued through the wilderness, circumvented the land of Edom and the land of Moav, [they] arrived at the east of the land of Moav, and camped opposite Arnon. They never encroached upon the Moabite border, for Arnon is the Moabite border.

Rashi

וילך במדבר. מן המערב למזרח, במיצר דרומי של אדום ומואב:

They then continued through the wilderness from west to east, along the southern borders of Edom and Moav.

ויסב את ארץ אדום. כל דרומה:

Circumvented the land of Edom. All of its southern border.

ואת ארץ מואב. כל דרומה, וכשהגיע למקצוע דרומית מזרחית, פנה אל הצפון לסבוב את מיצר המזרחי:

And the land of Moav. All of its southern border. When they reached the southeastern corner, they angled northward along the periphery of the eastern border.

ויבא ממזרח שמש לארץ מואב ויחנון בעבר ארנון. לסוף מזרחה של ארץ מואב, ושם התחילה ארץ סיחון ועוג, וכבשו עבר הירדן במזרח ארץ כנען ועברו הירדן, ונכנסו לה לארץ כנען דרך המזרח:

Arrived at the east of the land of Moav, and camped opposite Arnon. At the end of the eastern border of the land of Moav. This was the starting point of the lands of Sichon and Og. They conquered the trans-Yardeinian territory east of the land of Canaan, crossed the Yardein, and invaded the land of Canaan by the eastern route.

11:19

וַיִּשְׁלַח יִשְׂרָאֵל מַלְאָכִים אֶל־סִיחוֹן מֶלֶךְ־הָאֱמֹרִי מֶלֶךְ חֶשְׁבּוֹן וַיֹּאמֶר לוֹ יִשְׂרָאֵל נַעְבְּרָה־נָּא בְאַרְצְךָ עַד־מְקוֹמִֽי׃

Yisroel then dispatched emissaries to Sichon, king of the Emorites, king of Cheshbon. Yisroel said to him, 'Please, let us traverse your country until our destination.'

Yisroel then dispatched emissaries to Sichon, king of the Emorites, king of Cheshbon. Yisroel said to him, 'Please, let us traverse your country until our destination.'

11:20

וְלֹא־הֶאֱמִין סִיחוֹן אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵל עֲבֹר בִּגְבֻלוֹ וַיֶּאֱסֹף סִיחוֹן אֶת־כׇּל־עַמּוֹ וַֽיַּחֲנוּ בְּיָהְצָה וַיִּלָּחֶם עִם־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃

Sichon would not place his faith in Yisroel by permitting them to cross his border. Sichon assembled all his people, camped at Yahetzah, and waged war with Yisroel.

Sichon would not place his faith in Yisroel by permitting them to cross his border. Sichon assembled all his people, camped at Yahetzah, and waged war with Yisroel.

11:21

וַיִּתֵּן יְהֹוָה אֱלֹהֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל אֶת־סִיחוֹן וְאֶת־כׇּל־עַמּוֹ בְּיַד יִשְׂרָאֵל וַיַּכּוּם וַיִּירַשׁ יִשְׂרָאֵל אֵת כׇּל־אֶרֶץ הָאֱמֹרִי יוֹשֵׁב הָאָרֶץ הַהִֽיא׃

Adonoy, God of Yisroel, delivered Sichon and his entire people into Yisroel's hand; and they struck them down. Yisroel took possession of all the land of the Emorites, who inhabited that land.

Adonoy, God of Yisroel, delivered Sichon and his entire people into Yisroel's hand; and they struck them down. Yisroel took possession of all the land of the Emorites, who inhabited that land.

11:22

וַיִּירְשׁוּ אֵת כׇּל־גְּבוּל הָאֱמֹרִי מֵֽאַרְנוֹן וְעַד־הַיַּבֹּק וּמִן־הַמִּדְבָּר וְעַד־הַיַּרְדֵּֽן׃

They took possession of everything within the Emorite borders, from Arnon to the Yabok, from the wilderness to the Yardein.

They took possession of everything within the Emorite borders, from Arnon to the Yabok, from the wilderness to the Yardein.

Rashi

ויירשו וגו' מארנון ועד היבק. שאתה אומר שהוא שלך (פסוק יג), הם מסיחון לקחו:

They took possession, etc., from Arnon to the Yabok. Which you claim as yours, they annexed from Sichon.

ומן המדבר ועד הירדן. מדברות היו שם לפני הירדן:

From the wilderness to the Yardein. There was a wilderness area adjoining the Yardein.

11:23

וְעַתָּה יְהֹוָה ׀ אֱלֹהֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל הוֹרִישׁ אֶת־הָאֱמֹרִי מִפְּנֵי עַמּוֹ יִשְׂרָאֵל וְאַתָּה תִּירָשֶֽׁנּוּ׃

Now Adonoy, God of Yisroel, ejected the Emorites from before His people Yisroel, and you think to take possession of it?

Now Adonoy, God of Yisroel, ejected the Emorites from before His people Yisroel, and you think to take possession of it?

11:24

הֲלֹא אֵת אֲשֶׁר יוֹרִֽישְׁךָ כְּמוֹשׁ אֱלֹהֶיךָ אוֹתוֹ תִירָשׁ וְאֵת כׇּל־אֲשֶׁר הוֹרִישׁ יְהֹוָה אֱלֹהֵינוּ מִפָּנֵינוּ אוֹתוֹ נִירָֽשׁ׃

Will you not take possession of everything that your god, K'mosh bestows upon you? So, whomever Adonoy our God ejects before us, [that land] we shall take into our possession.

Will you not take possession of everything that your god, K'mosh bestows upon you? So, whomever Adonoy our God ejects before us, [that land] we shall take into our possession.

11:25

וְעַתָּה הֲטוֹב טוֹב אַתָּה מִבָּלָק בֶּן־צִפּוֹר מֶלֶךְ מוֹאָב הֲרוֹב רָב עִם־יִשְׂרָאֵל אִם־נִלְחֹם נִלְחַם בָּֽם׃

Now, are you superior to Balak ben Tzipor, king of Moav? Did he clash with Yisroel? Did he wage war against them?

Now, are you superior to Balak ben Tzipor, king of Moav? Did he clash with Yisroel? Did he wage war against them?

11:26

בְּשֶׁבֶת יִשְׂרָאֵל בְּחֶשְׁבּוֹן וּבִבְנוֹתֶיהָ וּבְעַרְעוֹר וּבִבְנוֹתֶיהָ וּבְכׇל־הֶֽעָרִים אֲשֶׁר עַל־יְדֵי אַרְנוֹן שְׁלֹשׁ מֵאוֹת שָׁנָה וּמַדּוּעַ לֹֽא־הִצַּלְתֶּם בָּעֵת הַהִֽיא׃

When Yisroel occupied Cheshbon and its villages, Areor and its villages, and all the cities adjoining Arnon, for three hundred years; why did you not recoup them at that time?

When Yisroel occupied Cheshbon and its villages, Areor and its villages, and all the cities adjoining Arnon, for three hundred years; why did you not recoup them at that time?

Rashi

על ידי ארנון. אצל ארנון, שהיו ממואב, וידעו שלא היה להם לעבור עליהם, שהרי מסיחון כבשום (במדבר כא כד), שלקחם ממלך מואב (שם שם כו):

Adjoining [lit. by the hands of] Arnon. Near Arnon. These cities had belonged to Moav, but they recognized that they could not lay claim to them, since they were confiscated from Sichon, who had annexed them from the king of Moav.

שלש מאות שנה. משכבשו את הארץ בימי יהושע עד יפתח מכאן יש ללמוד שנות השופטים הנזכרים עד הנה, אם שני השעבוד של כל אומה נמנים בתוך ימי השופט אם לאו. שנינו בסדר עולם (פרק יב): יהושע פרנס את ישראל עשרים ושמונה שנה, ואין לו מקרא ממי ללמוד. עתניאל (לעיל ג יא), ארבעים שנה, ושני שעבוד של כושן רשעתים (שם שם ח), בכללם אחריו אהוד (שם שם ל), שמונים שנה, שמונה עשרה שנים, שעבוד של עגלון (שם שם יד) בתוכם, הרי מאה ארבעים ושמונה שנה. דבורה (שם ה לא) ארבעים שנה, ושני שעבוד יבין (שם ד ג) בתוכם, הרי מאה שמונים ושמונה. אחריו, שבע שנים של שעבוד מדין (שם ו א), וארבעים של גדעון (שם ח כח), ושלש של אבימלך (שם ט כב), הרי מאתים שלשים ושמונה שנים. אחריו, עשרים ושלש של תולע (שם י ב), ועשרים ושתים של יאיר (שם י ג), אלא שעלתה שנה אחת לשניהם, ושמונה עשרה של בני עמון (שם שם ח) עד שלא בא יפתח, הרי שלש מאות:

Three centuries from the conquest of the land in the days of Yehoshua, until Yiftoch. This teaches us concerning the years of the Judges mentioned until now—whether the years of subjugation by the nations are included in the reckoning of the days of the Judge, or not.3The three hundred year total is only accurate if certain of the years of subjugation are included in the years of the judge, and certain years are not, as Rashi explains below. We learn in Seder Olam:4Ch. 12. Yehoshua directed Yisroel for twenty eight years—I am not aware of any Scriptural derivation for this. Asniel for forty years,5 the years of subjugation by Cushan Rishasaim are included.6Eight years. (3:8). Afterward, Ehud for eighty years,7 with the eighteen years of subjugation by Eglon8 included. This totals one hundred forty eight years. Devorah for forty years,9 with the years of subjugation by Yavin10Twenty years. (4:3.) included, totaling one hundred eighty eight years. Afterward, seven years of subjugation by Midyon,11 forty years of Gidon,12 and13 three of Avimelech, totaling two hundred thirty eight years. Afterward, twenty three years of Tola14 and twenty two of Yair,15 with one year overlapping both, and eighteen years of the Bnei Ammon16 until Yiftoch's appearance. This totals three hundred.

11:27

וְאָֽנֹכִי לֹא־חָטָאתִי לָךְ וְאַתָּה עֹשֶׂה אִתִּי רָעָה לְהִלָּחֶם בִּי יִשְׁפֹּט יְהֹוָה הַשֹּׁפֵט הַיּוֹם בֵּין בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל וּבֵין בְּנֵי עַמּֽוֹן׃

I have not wronged you, yet you act badly towards me by waging war against me. May Adonoy who sits in judgement decide today between the Bnei Yisroel and the Bnei Amman."

I have not wronged you, yet you act badly towards me by waging war against me. May Adonoy who sits in judgement decide today between the Bnei Yisroel and the Bnei Amman."

11:28

וְלֹא שָׁמַע מֶלֶךְ בְּנֵי עַמּוֹן אֶל־דִּבְרֵי יִפְתָּח אֲשֶׁר שָׁלַח אֵלָֽיו׃ {פ}

The king of the Bnei Ammon paid no heed to the message Yiftoch sent him.

The king of the Bnei Ammon paid no heed to the message Yiftoch sent him.

11:29

וַתְּהִי עַל־יִפְתָּח רוּחַ יְהֹוָה וַיַּעֲבֹר אֶת־הַגִּלְעָד וְאֶת־מְנַשֶּׁה וַֽיַּעֲבֹר אֶת־מִצְפֵּה גִלְעָד וּמִמִּצְפֵּה גִלְעָד עָבַר בְּנֵי עַמּֽוֹן׃

The spirit of Adonoy then visited Yiftoch. He travelled through Gilod and Menasheh, and crossed Mitzpeh Gilod. From Mitzpeh Gilod, he crossed to the Bnei Ammon.

The spirit of Adonoy then visited Yiftoch. He travelled through Gilod and Menasheh, and crossed Mitzpeh Gilod. From Mitzpeh Gilod, he crossed to the Bnei Ammon.

Rashi

עבר בני עמון. אל בני עמון:

He crossed to the Bnei Ammon. "To" the Bnei Ammon.

11:30

וַיִּדַּר יִפְתָּח נֶדֶר לַיהֹוָה וַיֹּאמַר אִם־נָתוֹן תִּתֵּן אֶת־בְּנֵי עַמּוֹן בְּיָדִֽי׃

Yiftoch articulated a vow to Adonoy, and declared, "If you actually deliver the Bnei Ammon into my hand.

Yiftoch articulated a vow to Adonoy, and declared, "If you actually deliver the Bnei Ammon into my hand.

11:31

וְהָיָה הַיּוֹצֵא אֲשֶׁר יֵצֵא מִדַּלְתֵי בֵיתִי לִקְרָאתִי בְּשׁוּבִי בְשָׁלוֹם מִבְּנֵי עַמּוֹן וְהָיָה לַיהֹוָה וְהַעֲלִיתִיהוּ עֹלָֽה׃ {פ}

This shall be: Whatsoever steps from the door of my home toward me at my peaceful return from the Bnei Ammon—will belong to Adonoy. and I shall bring it as an olah offering."

This shall be: Whatsoever steps from the door of my home toward me at my peaceful return from the Bnei Ammon—will belong to Adonoy. and I shall bring it as an olah offering."

11:32

וַיַּעֲבֹר יִפְתָּח אֶל־בְּנֵי עַמּוֹן לְהִלָּחֶם בָּם וַיִּתְּנֵם יְהֹוָה בְּיָדֽוֹ׃

Yiftoch crossed to the Bnei Ammon to wage war against them. Adonoy delivered them into his hand.

Yiftoch crossed to the Bnei Ammon to wage war against them. Adonoy delivered them into his hand.

11:33

וַיַּכֵּם מֵעֲרוֹעֵר וְעַד־בֹּאֲךָ מִנִּית עֶשְׂרִים עִיר וְעַד אָבֵל כְּרָמִים מַכָּה גְּדוֹלָה מְאֹד וַיִּכָּֽנְעוּ בְּנֵי עַמּוֹן מִפְּנֵי בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ {פ}

He struck them down from Aroer until you reach Minnis—twenty cities—until the plain of the vineyards, an exceedingly damaging blow. The Bnei Ammon were then subjugated to the Bnei Yisroel.

He struck them down from Aroer until you reach Minnis—twenty cities—until the plain of the vineyards, an exceedingly damaging blow. The Bnei Ammon were then subjugated to the Bnei Yisroel.

Rashi

אבל כרמים. (תרגום:) מישר כרמיא:

The Vineyard plains. The plain of the vineyards.17This is Targum Yonasan’s translation.

11:34

וַיָּבֹא יִפְתָּח הַמִּצְפָּה אֶל־בֵּיתוֹ וְהִנֵּה בִתּוֹ יֹצֵאת לִקְרָאתוֹ בְּתֻפִּים וּבִמְחֹלוֹת וְרַק הִיא יְחִידָה אֵֽין־לוֹ מִמֶּנּוּ בֵּן אוֹ־בַֽת׃

Yiftoch arrived at Mitzpah, at his home. Now his daughter went out towards him with drums and dancing. There was only her, she alone; he did not have, from her, a son or daughter.

Yiftoch arrived at Mitzpah, at his home. Now his daughter went out towards him with drums and dancing. There was only her, she alone; he did not have, from her, a son or daughter.

11:35

וַיְהִי כִרְאוֹתוֹ אוֹתָהּ וַיִּקְרַע אֶת־בְּגָדָיו וַיֹּאמֶר אֲהָהּ בִּתִּי הַכְרֵעַ הִכְרַעְתִּנִי וְאַתְּ הָיִית בְּעֹֽכְרָי וְאָנֹכִי פָּצִיתִי פִי אֶל־יְהֹוָה וְלֹא אוּכַל לָשֽׁוּב׃

When he saw her, he ripped his garments, and exclaimed, "Aahha, my daughter! You have surely brought me to my knees! And you are among those who ruined me! For I have mouthed an oath before Adonoy, and I can never recant!."

When he saw her, he ripped his garments, and exclaimed, "Aahha, my daughter! You have surely brought me to my knees! And you are among those who ruined me! For I have mouthed an oath before Adonoy, and I can never recant!."

Rashi

הכרע הכרעתני. לשון נקבה, ודומה לו (שיר השירים ד ט): לבבתני אחותי כלה:

You are among those who ruined me. This is the feminine usage.18הִכְרַעְתִּנִי, with the “cherik” vocalization under the ת, is generally translated as referring to the first person neuter, “I brought to the knees.” Here, however, the translation is the feminine “you brought to the knees.” Similarly, "You captured my heart, my sister bride."19Shir Hashirim, 4:9. Here, too, לִבַּבֽתִּנִי, with the “cherik” vocalization under the the ת, is translated as the feminine “you captured my heart.”

היית בעוכרי. כל דמי נעכר, קפחת את רגלי:

You have surely brought me to my knees All my blood is in turmoil, You have taken away my feet.

11:36

וַתֹּאמֶר אֵלָיו אָבִי פָּצִיתָה אֶת־פִּיךָ אֶל־יְהֹוָה עֲשֵׂה לִי כַּאֲשֶׁר יָצָא מִפִּיךָ אַחֲרֵי אֲשֶׁר עָשָׂה לְךָ יְהֹוָה נְקָמוֹת מֵאֹיְבֶיךָ מִבְּנֵי עַמּֽוֹן׃

She said to him, "My father, you have mouthed an oath before Adonoy. Do with me exactly as you said, considering that Adonoy has wreaked vengeance for you against your enemies, the Bnei Ammon."

She said to him, "My father, you have mouthed an oath before Adonoy. Do with me exactly as you said, considering that Adonoy has wreaked vengeance for you against your enemies, the Bnei Ammon."

11:37

וַתֹּאמֶר אֶל־אָבִיהָ יֵעָשֶׂה לִּי הַדָּבָר הַזֶּה הַרְפֵּה מִמֶּנִּי שְׁנַיִם חֳדָשִׁים וְאֵֽלְכָה וְיָרַדְתִּי עַל־הֶהָרִים וְאֶבְכֶּה עַל־בְּתוּלַי אָנֹכִי (ורעיתי) [וְרֵֽעוֹתָֽי]׃

She told her father, "Let this be done for my sake—release me for two months, so that I may proceed to grieve on the hills. I shall weep over my maidenhood, I and my companions."

She told her father, "Let this be done for my sake—release me for two months, so that I may proceed to grieve on the hills. I shall weep over my maidenhood, I and my companions."

Rashi

וירדתי על ההרים. לשון יללה הוא, ודוגמתו (ישעיהו טו ג): על גגותיה וברחובותיה כולה ייליל ירד בבכי, המתעצב בבכי עד שגופו משתבר. ובמדרש אגדה דורש רבי תנחומא (בחוקותי ה): על ההרים. לפני סנהדרין, שמא ימצאו פתח לנדרך:

To grieve on the hills. This word refers to bewailing. 20Not, as translated elsewhere, “To descend,” but “To grieve.” Similarly, "On its roofs and thoroughfares, total wailing, weeping grief."21Yeshaya, 15:3. Weeping so intense that it causes a physical breakdown.22רד may also be translated as “crushing.” See Yeshaya, 45:1. Midrash Agada: R' Tanchuma expounded, On the hills; before the Sanhedrin—perhaps they may find a loophole in your vow.23Yalkut, 67.

11:38

וַיֹּאמֶר לֵכִי וַיִּשְׁלַח אוֹתָהּ שְׁנֵי חֳדָשִׁים וַתֵּלֶךְ הִיא וְרֵעוֹתֶיהָ וַתֵּבְךְּ עַל־בְּתוּלֶיהָ עַל־הֶהָרִֽים׃

He replied, "You may go." He released her for two months. She went with her companions, and wept over her maidenhood on the hills.

He replied, "You may go." He released her for two months. She went with her companions, and wept over her maidenhood on the hills.

Rashi

ותבך על בתוליה. מדלא כתיב על בתולותיה, משמע בתולים ממש:

Wept over her maidenhood. Since it is not written "over her maidens," the inference is, over her actual maidenhood.

11:39

וַיְהִי מִקֵּץ ׀ שְׁנַיִם חֳדָשִׁים וַתָּשׇׁב אֶל־אָבִיהָ וַיַּעַשׂ לָהּ אֶת־נִדְרוֹ אֲשֶׁר נָדָר וְהִיא לֹא־יָדְעָה אִישׁ וַתְּהִי־חֹק בְּיִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃

It happened that, at the end of two months, she returned to her father, and he carried into effect, with her, the vow which he had pronounced. She had never been intimate with anyone. She became the subject of a law in Yisroel.

It happened that, at the end of two months, she returned to her father, and he carried into effect, with her, the vow which he had pronounced. She had never been intimate with anyone. She became the subject of a law in Yisroel.

Rashi

ותהי חק. גזרו שלא יעשה אדם עוד כן, שאלו הלך אצל פנחס, או הוא בא אצלו, היה מתיר לו נדרו, עמדו בגדולתן, ומבין שניהם אבדה, ונפרע מהם, פנחס נסתלקה שכינה הימנו, שנאמר בדברי הימים (א ט כ): לפנים ה' עמו, למדנו שבסופו אינו עמו, ויפתח הוכה בשחין וניפול אברים, שנאמר (לקמן יב ז): ויקבר בערי גלעד. ויש עוד לפתור: ותהי חק בישראל. מחובר למקרא שלאחריו:

She became the subject of a law. Legislation was enacted prohibiting any repetition of this, for, had he approached Pinchos, or had Pinchos approached him, he would have released him from his vow.24By informing him that a human being cannot be designated as an offering. But they refused to humble themselves,25Pinchas, because it was Yiftoch who required his services; Yiftoch, because he was the supreme commander. (Yalkut, 68) and were, thus, both responsible for her ruin. They were punished. The Divine Presence departed from Pinchos, as it is said in Divrei Hayamim,26Divrei Hayamim 1, 9:20. "Adonoy was with him previously." We learn that he was not with him later. And Yiftoch was afflicted with ulcerations and the loss of his limbs, as it is said,27Below, 12:7. "He was buried in the cities of Gilod."28Individual limbs, like the entire body, require burial. The plural usage, “cities”, teaches that his burial took place in a number of cities—wherever his limbs fell. (Yalkut, ibid.) Another interpretation: "She became the subject of a law in Yisroel" relates to the following passage.29She was the subject of a law requiring the daughters of Yisroel to visit her yearly.

11:40

מִיָּמִים ׀ יָמִימָה תֵּלַכְנָה בְּנוֹת יִשְׂרָאֵל לְתַנּוֹת לְבַת־יִפְתָּח הַגִּלְעָדִי אַרְבַּעַת יָמִים בַּשָּׁנָֽה׃ {פ}

The daughters of Yisroel journeyed annually to grieve for the daughter of Yiftoch, the Gilodite, four days a year.

The daughters of Yisroel journeyed annually to grieve for the daughter of Yiftoch, the Gilodite, four days a year.

Rashi

מימים ימימה תלכנה וגו'. הדבר הזה קבעו עליהם לחוק:

Journeyed annually. This was established as a law.30This follows Rashi’s second interpretation of v. 39. See fn.29.

לתנות. לקונן:

To grieve. To weep.

Texts

  • Hebrew: Miqra according to the Masorah · License: CC-BY-SA
  • English: The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J · License: CC-BY
  • Hebrew: On Your Way · License: PD

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