Tanach
Shoftim 9 שופטים ט׳
Part of: Petuchah, Judges 9:1Petuchah, Judges 9:22Petuchah, Judges 9:26Petuchah, Judges 9:46Petuchah, Judges 9:50Setumah, Judges 9:6Setumah, Judges 9:42
Reading: Hebrew · Simple EnglishHebrew · Faithful translationHebrew onlyHebrew · Simple EnglishHebrew · Faithful translationHebrew onlySimple English onlyFaithful translation onlySide by sideRashi
וַיֵּלֶךְ אֲבִימֶלֶךְ בֶּן־יְרֻבַּעַל שְׁכֶמָה אֶל־אֲחֵי אִמּוֹ וַיְדַבֵּר אֲלֵיהֶם וְאֶל־כׇּל־מִשְׁפַּחַת בֵּית־אֲבִי אִמּוֹ לֵאמֹֽר׃
Avimelech ben Yerubaal went to Shechem, to his mother's brothers. He spoke to them and to the entire family of his maternal grandfather's house, saying.
Avimelech ben Yerubaal went to Shechem, to his mother's brothers. He spoke to them and to the entire family of his maternal grandfather's house, saying.
דַּבְּרוּ־נָא בְּאׇזְנֵי כׇל־בַּעֲלֵי שְׁכֶם מַה־טּוֹב לָכֶם הַמְשֹׁל בָּכֶם שִׁבְעִים אִישׁ כֹּל בְּנֵי יְרֻבַּעַל אִם־מְשֹׁל בָּכֶם אִישׁ אֶחָד וּזְכַרְתֶּם כִּֽי־עַצְמְכֶם וּבְשַׂרְכֶם אָֽנִי׃
"Please say discreetly to all the men of Shechem: 'Which is more advantageous to you, to be ruled by seventy men—all the sons of Yerubaal—or a rule by one man? And keep in mind that I am of a single bone and flesh with you.'"
"Please say discreetly to all the men of Shechem: 'Which is more advantageous to you, to be ruled by seventy men—all the sons of Yerubaal—or a rule by one man? And keep in mind that I am of a single bone and flesh with you.'"
וַיְדַבְּרוּ אֲחֵי־אִמּוֹ עָלָיו בְּאׇזְנֵי כׇּל־בַּעֲלֵי שְׁכֶם אֵת כׇּל־הַדְּבָרִים הָאֵלֶּה וַיֵּט לִבָּם אַחֲרֵי אֲבִימֶלֶךְ כִּי אָמְרוּ אָחִינוּ הֽוּא׃
His mother's brothers spoke of him, discreetly to all the men of Shechem, all of these things. They were disposed to follow Avimelech, as they declared, "He is our kinsman!'
His mother's brothers spoke of him, discreetly to all the men of Shechem, all of these things. They were disposed to follow Avimelech, as they declared, "He is our kinsman!'
וַיִּתְּנוּ־לוֹ שִׁבְעִים כֶּסֶף מִבֵּית בַּעַל בְּרִית וַיִּשְׂכֹּר בָּהֶם אֲבִימֶלֶךְ אֲנָשִׁים רֵיקִים וּפֹחֲזִים וַיֵּלְכוּ אַחֲרָֽיו׃
They presented him with seventy silver coins from the temple of Baal Beris. Avimelech hired, with this, headstrong louts, and they followed him.
They presented him with seventy silver coins from the temple of Baal Beris. Avimelech hired, with this, headstrong louts, and they followed him.
Rashi
וַיָּבֹא בֵית־אָבִיו עׇפְרָתָה וַֽיַּהֲרֹג אֶת־אֶחָיו בְּנֵי־יְרֻבַּעַל שִׁבְעִים אִישׁ עַל־אֶבֶן אֶחָת וַיִּוָּתֵר יוֹתָם בֶּן־יְרֻבַּעַל הַקָּטֹן כִּי נֶחְבָּֽא׃ {ס}
He arrived at his father's house at Ophrah, and murdered his brothers, the sons of Yerubaal—seventy men on a single rock. The youngest, Yosam ben Yerubaal, survived by concealing himself.
He arrived at his father's house at Ophrah, and murdered his brothers, the sons of Yerubaal—seventy men on a single rock. The youngest, Yosam ben Yerubaal, survived by concealing himself.
וַיֵּאָסְפוּ כׇּל־בַּעֲלֵי שְׁכֶם וְכׇל־בֵּית מִלּוֹא וַיֵּלְכוּ וַיַּמְלִיכוּ אֶת־אֲבִימֶלֶךְ לְמֶלֶךְ עִם־אֵלוֹן מֻצָּב אֲשֶׁר בִּשְׁכֶֽם׃
All the citizens of Shechem assembled, and all of Beis Melo, and they proceeded to coronate Avimelech, king near the plain of the pillar at Shechem.
All the citizens of Shechem assembled, and all of Beis Melo, and they proceeded to coronate Avimelech, king near the plain of the pillar at Shechem.
Rashi
עם אלון מצב. (תרגום:) מישר קמתא - מישור שהיו בו מצבות:
Near the plain of the pillar. "The plain of monuments"—1This is Targum Yonasan’s translation. A plain in which monuments stood.
וַיַּגִּדוּ לְיוֹתָם וַיֵּלֶךְ וַֽיַּעֲמֹד בְּרֹאשׁ הַר־גְּרִזִים וַיִּשָּׂא קוֹלוֹ וַיִּקְרָא וַיֹּאמֶר לָהֶם שִׁמְעוּ אֵלַי בַּעֲלֵי שְׁכֶם וְיִשְׁמַע אֲלֵיכֶם אֱלֹהִֽים׃
This was related to Yosam, who proceeded to station himself at the summit of Mount Gerizim. He raised his voice, and cried out: "Hear me, citizens of Shechem, and God will hear you.
This was related to Yosam, who proceeded to station himself at the summit of Mount Gerizim. He raised his voice, and cried out: "Hear me, citizens of Shechem, and God will hear you.
הָלוֹךְ הָֽלְכוּ הָעֵצִים לִמְשֹׁחַ עֲלֵיהֶם מֶלֶךְ וַיֹּאמְרוּ לַזַּיִת (מלוכה) [מׇלְכָה] עָלֵֽינוּ׃
The trees went about resolutely to anoint themselves a king. They told the olive tree, 'Be our sovereign!'.
The trees went about resolutely to anoint themselves a king. They told the olive tree, 'Be our sovereign!'.
Rashi
הלוך הלכו העצים. משל הוא:
The trees went about resolutely. This is a parable.2Yalkut, 65.
לזית. עתניאל בן קנז (שופטים א יג), הבא משבט יהודה שנקרא זית, שנאמר (ירמיהו יא טז): זית רענן יפה פרי תואר וגו':
The olive tree. Asniel ben Kenaz,3Above, 3; 9–11. (Yalkut, ibid) a tribesman of Judah, who are entitled "olive", as it is said, "Refreshed olive tree, with fruit beautiful in appearance, etc."4Yirmiyahu, 11:16. The chapter is addressed to “the men of Yehudah” (v.1).
וַיֹּאמֶר לָהֶם הַזַּיִת הֶחֳדַלְתִּי אֶת־דִּשְׁנִי אֲשֶׁר־בִּי יְכַבְּדוּ אֱלֹהִים וַאֲנָשִׁים וְהָלַכְתִּי לָנוּעַ עַל־הָעֵצִֽים׃
The Olive tree replied to them, 'Shall I discontinue the richness of my oil by which God and man are glorified, and move on to hold sway over the trees?'
The Olive tree replied to them, 'Shall I discontinue the richness of my oil by which God and man are glorified, and move on to hold sway over the trees?'
Rashi
דשני. לשון שומן:
The richness of my oil. The connotation here is fattiness.
וַיֹּאמְרוּ הָעֵצִים לַתְּאֵנָה לְכִי־אַתְּ מׇלְכִי עָלֵֽינוּ׃
The trees then said to the fig tree, 'You come and be our sovereign'.
The trees then said to the fig tree, 'You come and be our sovereign'.
Rashi
לתאנה. דבורה:
To the fig tree. This refers to Devorah.5 Above, 4:4. (Yalkut, ibid.)
וַתֹּאמֶר לָהֶם הַתְּאֵנָה הֶחֳדַלְתִּי אֶת־מׇתְקִי וְאֶת־תְּנוּבָתִי הַטּוֹבָה וְהָלַכְתִּי לָנוּעַ עַל־הָעֵצִֽים׃
The fig tree replied to them, 'Shall I discontinue my sweetness and my excellent fruit and move on to hold sway over the trees?'
The fig tree replied to them, 'Shall I discontinue my sweetness and my excellent fruit and move on to hold sway over the trees?'
Rashi
את מתקי. דבש דבורים:
My sweetness. the honey of dates.
וַיֹּאמְרוּ הָעֵצִים לַגָּפֶן לְכִי־אַתְּ (מלוכי) [מׇלְכִי] עָלֵֽינוּ׃
The trees then said to the grapevine, 'You come and be our sovereign.'
The trees then said to the grapevine, 'You come and be our sovereign.'
Rashi
לגפן. גדעון, שהוא מזרע יוסף (שופטים ו יא), שנאמר בו (בראשית מט כב) בן פורת, (ותרגם שם אונקלוס:) כגופן דנציב וכו':
To the grapevine. This refers to Gidon,6Yalkut, ibid. a descendant of Yoseif, of whom it is said, "A flourishing son"—"like a grapevine positioned, etc."7“A flourishing son over a wellspring”. (Bereishis, 49:22). Targum Onkelos there interprets, “like a grapevine positioned over a wellspring.”
וַתֹּאמֶר לָהֶם הַגֶּפֶן הֶחֳדַלְתִּי אֶת־תִּירוֹשִׁי הַֽמְשַׂמֵּחַ אֱלֹהִים וַאֲנָשִׁים וְהָלַכְתִּי לָנוּעַ עַל־הָעֵצִֽים׃
The grapevine replied to them, 'Shall I discontinue my wine, which brings joy to God and man, and move on to hold sway over the trees?'
The grapevine replied to them, 'Shall I discontinue my wine, which brings joy to God and man, and move on to hold sway over the trees?'
Rashi
המשמח אלהים. שאין אומרים הלוים שיר של הקרבן אלא על הנסכים:
Which brings joy to God. As the Levi'im chant the hymns of glory only during the wine libation ceremony.8Berachos, 35:b.
וַיֹּאמְרוּ כׇל־הָעֵצִים אֶל־הָאָטָד לֵךְ אַתָּה מְלׇךְ־עָלֵֽינוּ׃
All the trees then said to the thornbush, 'You come and be our sovereign.'
All the trees then said to the thornbush, 'You come and be our sovereign.'
Rashi
אל האטד. ספינ"ה בלע"ז:
The thornbush. "epine" in old French.
וַיֹּאמֶר הָאָטָד אֶל־הָעֵצִים אִם בֶּאֱמֶת אַתֶּם מֹשְׁחִים אֹתִי לְמֶלֶךְ עֲלֵיכֶם בֹּאוּ חֲסוּ בְצִלִּי וְאִם־אַיִן תֵּצֵא אֵשׁ מִן־הָאָטָד וְתֹאכַל אֶת־אַרְזֵי הַלְּבָנֽוֹן׃
The thornbush replied to the trees, 'If you genuinely wish to anoint me as your sovereign, you may come and shelter yourselves in my shade. But if not, then flame shall burst forth from the thornbush, and engulf the cedars of Lebanon.'
The thornbush replied to the trees, 'If you genuinely wish to anoint me as your sovereign, you may come and shelter yourselves in my shade. But if not, then flame shall burst forth from the thornbush, and engulf the cedars of Lebanon.'
Rashi
אם באמת. שאני הגון למלכות:
If you genuinely. Because I qualify as a sovereign.
וְעַתָּה אִם־בֶּאֱמֶת וּבְתָמִים עֲשִׂיתֶם וַתַּמְלִיכוּ אֶת־אֲבִימֶלֶךְ וְאִם־טוֹבָה עֲשִׂיתֶם עִם־יְרֻבַּעַל וְעִם־בֵּיתוֹ וְאִם־כִּגְמוּל יָדָיו עֲשִׂיתֶם לֽוֹ׃
Now, if you have acted with integrity and sincerely in coronating Avimelech, if you have dealt benevolently with Yerubaal and his house, if you have rewarded him as befits his actions.
Now, if you have acted with integrity and sincerely in coronating Avimelech, if you have dealt benevolently with Yerubaal and his house, if you have rewarded him as befits his actions.
אֲשֶׁר־נִלְחַם אָבִי עֲלֵיכֶם וַיַּשְׁלֵךְ אֶת־נַפְשׁוֹ מִנֶּגֶד וַיַּצֵּל אֶתְכֶם מִיַּד מִדְיָֽן׃
After my father went to war for you, risked his life, and rescued you from the hand of Midyon.
After my father went to war for you, risked his life, and rescued you from the hand of Midyon.
וְאַתֶּם קַמְתֶּם עַל־בֵּית אָבִי הַיּוֹם וַתַּהַרְגוּ אֶת־בָּנָיו שִׁבְעִים אִישׁ עַל־אֶבֶן אֶחָת וַתַּמְלִיכוּ אֶת־אֲבִימֶלֶךְ בֶּן־אֲמָתוֹ עַל־בַּעֲלֵי שְׁכֶם כִּי אֲחִיכֶם הֽוּא׃
You then rose against my father's house, murdered his sons—seventy men on a single stone—and coronated his maid servant's son, Avimelech, over the men of Shechem because he is your kinsman.
You then rose against my father's house, murdered his sons—seventy men on a single stone—and coronated his maid servant's son, Avimelech, over the men of Shechem because he is your kinsman.
וְאִם־בֶּאֱמֶת וּבְתָמִים עֲשִׂיתֶם עִם־יְרֻבַּעַל וְעִם־בֵּיתוֹ הַיּוֹם הַזֶּה שִׂמְחוּ בַּאֲבִימֶלֶךְ וְיִשְׂמַח גַּם־הוּא בָּכֶֽם׃
If you have acted with integrity and sincerely towards Yerubaal and his house on this day; then you may rejoice with Avimelech, and let him rejoice with you as well.
If you have acted with integrity and sincerely towards Yerubaal and his house on this day; then you may rejoice with Avimelech, and let him rejoice with you as well.
וְאִם־אַיִן תֵּצֵא אֵשׁ מֵאֲבִימֶלֶךְ וְתֹאכַל אֶת־בַּעֲלֵי שְׁכֶם וְאֶת־בֵּית מִלּוֹא וְתֵצֵא אֵשׁ מִבַּעֲלֵי שְׁכֶם וּמִבֵּית מִלּוֹא וְתֹאכַל אֶת־אֲבִימֶֽלֶךְ׃
But if not, let a flame burst forth from Avimelech and engulf the men of Shechem and Beis Milo, and let a flame burst forth from the men of Shechem and Beis Milo and engulf Avimelech.'
But if not, let a flame burst forth from Avimelech and engulf the men of Shechem and Beis Milo, and let a flame burst forth from the men of Shechem and Beis Milo and engulf Avimelech.'
וַיָּנׇס יוֹתָם וַיִּבְרַח וַיֵּלֶךְ בְּאֵרָה וַיֵּשֶׁב שָׁם מִפְּנֵי אֲבִימֶלֶךְ אָחִֽיו׃ {פ}
Yosam escaped and fled. He went to B'er, and remained there because of his brother Avimelech.
Yosam escaped and fled. He went to B'er, and remained there because of his brother Avimelech.
וַיָּשַׂר אֲבִימֶלֶךְ עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵל שָׁלֹשׁ שָׁנִֽים׃
Avimelech ruled over Yisroel three years.
Avimelech ruled over Yisroel three years.
Rashi
וישר. על כרחם נהג רבנות ובגאוה:
Ruled. He wielded his authority through repression, and conducted himself arrogantly.
וַיִּשְׁלַח אֱלֹהִים רוּחַ רָעָה בֵּין אֲבִימֶלֶךְ וּבֵין בַּעֲלֵי שְׁכֶם וַיִּבְגְּדוּ בַעֲלֵֽי־שְׁכֶם בַּאֲבִימֶֽלֶךְ׃
God interposed a malicious sentiment between Avimelech and the men of Shechem, so that the men of Shechem betrayed Avimelech.
God interposed a malicious sentiment between Avimelech and the men of Shechem, so that the men of Shechem betrayed Avimelech.
Rashi
רוח רעה. שנאה, שלנ"ש מלטלינ"ט בלע"ז:
A malicious sentiment. Hatred. "Talent" in old French.
לָבוֹא חֲמַס שִׁבְעִים בְּנֵֽי־יְרֻבָּעַל וְדָמָם לָשׂוּם עַל־אֲבִימֶלֶךְ אֲחִיהֶם אֲשֶׁר הָרַג אוֹתָם וְעַל בַּעֲלֵי שְׁכֶם אֲשֶׁר־חִזְּקוּ אֶת־יָדָיו לַהֲרֹג אֶת־אֶחָֽיו׃
In retribution for the crime against the seventy sons of Yerubaal, placing the responsibility for their blood on their brother Avimelech who murdered them, and on the men of Shechem who supported him in murdering his brothers.
In retribution for the crime against the seventy sons of Yerubaal, placing the responsibility for their blood on their brother Avimelech who murdered them, and on the men of Shechem who supported him in murdering his brothers.
וַיָּשִׂימוּ לוֹ בַעֲלֵי שְׁכֶם מְאָֽרְבִים עַל רָאשֵׁי הֶהָרִים וַֽיִּגְזְלוּ אֵת כׇּל־אֲשֶׁר־יַעֲבֹר עֲלֵיהֶם בַּדָּרֶךְ וַיֻּגַּד לַאֲבִימֶֽלֶךְ׃ {פ}
The men of Shechem stationed guerrillas against him on the mountain tops, and they plundered everyone who passed their way. This was reported to Avimelech.
The men of Shechem stationed guerrillas against him on the mountain tops, and they plundered everyone who passed their way. This was reported to Avimelech.
וַיָּבֹא גַּעַל בֶּן־עֶבֶד וְאֶחָיו וַיַּעַבְרוּ בִּשְׁכֶם וַיִּבְטְחוּ־בוֹ בַּעֲלֵי שְׁכֶֽם׃
Ga'al ben Eved arrived with his cohorts, and came through Shechem. The men of Shechem had confidence in him.
Ga'al ben Eved arrived with his cohorts, and came through Shechem. The men of Shechem had confidence in him.
Rashi
געל בן עבד. מאומה אחרת היה:
Ga'al ben Eved. He was from another nation.
וַיֵּצְאוּ הַשָּׂדֶה וַֽיִּבְצְרוּ אֶת־כַּרְמֵיהֶם וַֽיִּדְרְכוּ וַֽיַּעֲשׂוּ הִלּוּלִים וַיָּבֹאוּ בֵּית אֱֽלֹהֵיהֶם וַיֹּֽאכְלוּ וַיִּשְׁתּוּ וַֽיְקַלְלוּ אֶת־אֲבִימֶֽלֶךְ׃
They went out to the fields, harvested their vineyards, pressed the grapes, and indulged in carousals. They entered their temple, ate and drank, and cursed Avimelech.
They went out to the fields, harvested their vineyards, pressed the grapes, and indulged in carousals. They entered their temple, ate and drank, and cursed Avimelech.
Rashi
ויעשו הלולים. (תרגום:) ועבדו חנגין:
Indulged in carousals. Performed dances.9This is Targum Yonasan’s translation.
וַיֹּאמֶר ׀ גַּעַל בֶּן־עֶבֶד מִֽי־אֲבִימֶלֶךְ וּמִֽי־שְׁכֶם כִּי נַעַבְדֶנּוּ הֲלֹא בֶן־יְרֻבַּעַל וּזְבֻל פְּקִידוֹ עִבְדוּ אֶת־אַנְשֵׁי חֲמוֹר אֲבִי שְׁכֶם וּמַדּוּעַ נַעַבְדֶנּוּ אֲנָֽחְנוּ׃
Ga'al ben Eved declared, "Who is Avimelech, and who is Shechem, that we must serve him? Is he not Yerubaal's son? And his henchman Zevul? Serve the people of Chamor, the father of Shechem, but why must we serve him?
Ga'al ben Eved declared, "Who is Avimelech, and who is Shechem, that we must serve him? Is he not Yerubaal's son? And his henchman Zevul? Serve the people of Chamor, the father of Shechem, but why must we serve him?
Rashi
מי אבימלך ומי שכם. מי אבימלך להיות שר על שכם ומי שכם להיות עבדים לאבימלך, הלא בן ירובעל היה אבימלך מן עפרת אבי העזרי (לעיל ו יא):
Who is Avimelech, and who is Shechem. Who is Avimelech to control Shechem, and who is Shechem to be subjugated to Avimelech? Is not Avimelech Yerubaal's son, from Ofros, of the Aviezrites?10
וזבל פקידו. וזה פקיד העיר ששמו 'זבול', פקידו של אבימלך הוא, ואדוניו אין לו משפט מלוכה בעיר ואף פקידו אינו כלום:
And his henchman Zevul? The city superintendent, named Zevul, is Avimelech's henchman. His master cannot justify his authority over the city; thus his appointee, as well, is a non-entity.
עבדו את אנשי חמור. אם באתם לקנות לכם אדונים, באו ועבדו את אנשי חמור, שהיה נשיא הארץ מקדם (בראשית לד ב):
Serve the people of Chamor. If you want to get yourselves leaders, come serve the men of Chamor, who ruled the land in early times.11Bereishis, 34:2.
ומדוע נעבדנו. לאבימלך:
But why must we serve him? Avimelech.
וּמִי יִתֵּן אֶת־הָעָם הַזֶּה בְּיָדִי וְאָסִירָה אֶת־אֲבִימֶלֶךְ וַיֹּאמֶר לַאֲבִימֶלֶךְ רַבֶּה צְבָאֲךָ וָצֵֽאָה׃
Would that someone place this people in my hands, and I would remove Avimelech." He said to Avimelech, "Beef up your army, and come on out!"
Would that someone place this people in my hands, and I would remove Avimelech." He said to Avimelech, "Beef up your army, and come on out!"
Rashi
ויאמר לאבימלך. ויאמר געל בפני זבול, הודיע לאבימלך:
He said: For Avimelech. Ga'al declared in the presence of Zevul, "Tell Avimelech."
רבה צבאך וצאה. מן המקום שאתה שם, ונראה את גדולתך:
Beef up your army and come on out from your place, and let us see how grand you are!
וַיִּשְׁמַע זְבֻל שַׂר־הָעִיר אֶת־דִּבְרֵי גַּעַל בֶּן־עָבֶד וַיִּחַר אַפּֽוֹ׃
Zevul, the city superintendent, heard the speech by Ga'al ben Eved, and he was infuriated.
Zevul, the city superintendent, heard the speech by Ga'al ben Eved, and he was infuriated.
וַיִּשְׁלַח מַלְאָכִים אֶל־אֲבִימֶלֶךְ בְּתׇרְמָה לֵאמֹר הִנֵּה גַעַל בֶּן־עֶבֶד וְאֶחָיו בָּאִים שְׁכֶמָה וְהִנָּם צָרִים אֶת־הָעִיר עָלֶֽיךָ׃
He dispatched emissaries to Avimelech clandestinely, saying: "Look, Ga'al ben Eved and his cohorts have arrived in Shechem, and are blockading the city against you.
He dispatched emissaries to Avimelech clandestinely, saying: "Look, Ga'al ben Eved and his cohorts have arrived in Shechem, and are blockading the city against you.
Rashi
בתרמה. כמו במרמה, בתרמית, כלומר: בלט ובסתר:
Clandestinely. As in "cunningly,"12Bereishis, 27:35. "in deceit,"13Yirmiyahu, 8:5. meaning secretively, stealthily.
וְעַתָּה קוּם לַיְלָה אַתָּה וְהָעָם אֲשֶׁר־אִתָּךְ וֶאֱרֹב בַּשָּׂדֶֽה׃
Now, get up during the night—you, and the people accompanying you—and lie in ambush in the field.
Now, get up during the night—you, and the people accompanying you—and lie in ambush in the field.
וְהָיָה בַבֹּקֶר כִּזְרֹחַ הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ תַּשְׁכִּים וּפָשַׁטְתָּ עַל־הָעִיר וְהִנֵּה־הוּא וְהָעָם אֲשֶׁר־אִתּוֹ יֹצְאִים אֵלֶיךָ וְעָשִׂיתָ לּוֹ כַּאֲשֶׁר תִּמְצָא יָדֶֽךָ׃
When morning comes, exactly at sunrise, arise, and charge into the city. When he and the people accompanying him come out to engage you, deal with him to the best of your ability.'
When morning comes, exactly at sunrise, arise, and charge into the city. When he and the people accompanying him come out to engage you, deal with him to the best of your ability.'
וַיָּקׇם אֲבִימֶלֶךְ וְכׇל־הָעָם אֲשֶׁר־עִמּוֹ לָיְלָה וַיֶּאֶרְבוּ עַל־שְׁכֶם אַרְבָּעָה רָאשִֽׁים׃
Avimelech and all the people with him got up during the night, and deployed the ambushers of Shechem into four divisions.
Avimelech and all the people with him got up during the night, and deployed the ambushers of Shechem into four divisions.
Rashi
ארבע ראשים. ארבעה כתות:
Four divisions. Four companies.
וַיֵּצֵא גַּעַל בֶּן־עֶבֶד וַיַּעֲמֹד פֶּתַח שַׁעַר הָעִיר וַיָּקׇם אֲבִימֶלֶךְ וְהָעָם אֲשֶׁר־אִתּוֹ מִן־הַמַּאְרָֽב׃
Ga'al ben Eved stepped outside, and stood at the entrance to the city gate, when Avimelech and the people with him rose from the ambush.
Ga'al ben Eved stepped outside, and stood at the entrance to the city gate, when Avimelech and the people with him rose from the ambush.
וַיַּרְא־גַּעַל אֶת־הָעָם וַיֹּאמֶר אֶל־זְבֻל הִנֵּה־עָם יוֹרֵד מֵרָאשֵׁי הֶהָרִים וַיֹּאמֶר אֵלָיו זְבֻל אֵת צֵל הֶהָרִים אַתָּה רֹאֶה כָּאֲנָשִֽׁים׃
Ga'al noticed the people, and exclaimed to Zevul, "Look, people are descending from the mountain tops!" Zevul replied to him, "The mountain shadows appear to you like men.'
Ga'al noticed the people, and exclaimed to Zevul, "Look, people are descending from the mountain tops!" Zevul replied to him, "The mountain shadows appear to you like men.'
וַיֹּסֶף עוֹד גַּעַל לְדַבֵּר וַיֹּאמֶר הִנֵּה־עָם יֽוֹרְדִים מֵעִם טַבּוּר הָאָרֶץ וְרֹאשׁ־אֶחָד בָּא מִדֶּרֶךְ אֵלוֹן מְעוֹנְנִֽים׃
But Ga'al resumed speaking, and said, "Look, people are descending from the promontory of the land, and one division is coming from the road to the plain of Meonenim."
But Ga'al resumed speaking, and said, "Look, people are descending from the promontory of the land, and one division is coming from the road to the plain of Meonenim."
Rashi
מעם טבור הארץ. (תרגום:) מן תוקפא דארעא, מהר הגבוה שבכולם:
From the promontory of the land. "From the pre-eminence of the land."14This is Targum Yonasan’s translation. From the highest summit of all.
אלון מעוננים (תרגום:) מישר מעוננים:
Elon Meonenim. The plain of Meonenim
וַיֹּאמֶר אֵלָיו זְבֻל אַיֵּה אֵפוֹא פִיךָ אֲשֶׁר תֹּאמַר מִי אֲבִימֶלֶךְ כִּי נַעַבְדֶנּוּ הֲלֹא זֶה הָעָם אֲשֶׁר מָאַסְתָּה בּוֹ צֵא־נָא עַתָּה וְהִלָּחֶם בּֽוֹ׃
Zevul retorted to him, "Now where are your mouthings, when you said, 'Who is Avimelech that we must serve him?' Are these not the people whom you despise? Go now, if you please, and fight them!"
Zevul retorted to him, "Now where are your mouthings, when you said, 'Who is Avimelech that we must serve him?' Are these not the people whom you despise? Go now, if you please, and fight them!"
וַיֵּצֵא גַעַל לִפְנֵי בַּעֲלֵי שְׁכֶם וַיִּלָּחֶם בַּאֲבִימֶֽלֶךְ׃
Ga'al went forth at the head of the men of Shechem, and fought with Avimelech.
Ga'al went forth at the head of the men of Shechem, and fought with Avimelech.
וַיִּרְדְּפֵהוּ אֲבִימֶלֶךְ וַיָּנׇס מִפָּנָיו וַֽיִּפְּלוּ חֲלָלִים רַבִּים עַד־פֶּתַח הַשָּֽׁעַר׃
Avimelech pursued him, and he fled from him. A great many fell dead, up to the gateway entrance.
Avimelech pursued him, and he fled from him. A great many fell dead, up to the gateway entrance.
וַיֵּשֶׁב אֲבִימֶלֶךְ בָּֽארוּמָה וַיְגָרֶשׁ זְבֻל אֶת־גַּעַל וְאֶת־אֶחָיו מִשֶּׁבֶת בִּשְׁכֶֽם׃ {ס}
Avimelech settled in Arumah. Zevul ousted Ga'al and his cohorts from residence in Shechem.
Avimelech settled in Arumah. Zevul ousted Ga'al and his cohorts from residence in Shechem.
וַֽיְהִי מִֽמׇּחֳרָת וַיֵּצֵא הָעָם הַשָּׂדֶה וַיַּגִּדוּ לַאֲבִימֶֽלֶךְ׃
It happened on the following day that the people went out to the fields, and it was told to Avimelech.
It happened on the following day that the people went out to the fields, and it was told to Avimelech.
Rashi
ויצא העם השדה. אנשי שכם:
The people went out to the fields. The people of Shechem.
ויגידו. המגידים לאבימלך, שיצאו בני העיר אל השדה לעשות חפציהם:
They informed. Those who gave the information to Avimelech, that the townspeople had gone to the fields to attend to their wants.
וַיִּקַּח אֶת־הָעָם וַיֶּֽחֱצֵם לִשְׁלֹשָׁה רָאשִׁים וַיֶּאֱרֹב בַּשָּׂדֶה וַיַּרְא וְהִנֵּה הָעָם יֹצֵא מִן־הָעִיר וַיָּקׇם עֲלֵיהֶם וַיַּכֵּֽם׃
He directed the people, dividing them into three divisions, and lay in ambush in the field. When he noticed that the people had left the city, he rose at them, and struck them down.
He directed the people, dividing them into three divisions, and lay in ambush in the field. When he noticed that the people had left the city, he rose at them, and struck them down.
וַאֲבִימֶלֶךְ וְהָֽרָאשִׁים אֲשֶׁר עִמּוֹ פָּשְׁטוּ וַיַּעַמְדוּ פֶּתַח שַׁעַר הָעִיר וּשְׁנֵי הָרָאשִׁים פָּשְׁטוּ עַֽל־כׇּל־אֲשֶׁר בַּשָּׂדֶה וַיַּכּֽוּם׃
Avimelech and the divisions accompanying him charged, and stationed themselves at the entrance to the gateway of the city, while two divisions charged everyone in the fields and struck them down.
Avimelech and the divisions accompanying him charged, and stationed themselves at the entrance to the gateway of the city, while two divisions charged everyone in the fields and struck them down.
Rashi
פתח שער העיר. שלא יוכלו ליכנס:
At the entrance to the gateway of the city to block their entry.
וַאֲבִימֶלֶךְ נִלְחָם בָּעִיר כֹּל הַיּוֹם הַהוּא וַיִּלְכֹּד אֶת־הָעִיר וְאֶת־הָעָם אֲשֶׁר־בָּהּ הָרָג וַיִּתֹּץ אֶת־הָעִיר וַיִּזְרָעֶהָ מֶֽלַח׃ {פ}
Avimelech battled the city that entire day. He captured the city, and executed all the people in it. Then he demolished the city, and implanted it with salt.
Avimelech battled the city that entire day. He captured the city, and executed all the people in it. Then he demolished the city, and implanted it with salt.
וַֽיִּשְׁמְעוּ כׇּֽל־בַּעֲלֵי מִֽגְדַּל־שְׁכֶם וַיָּבֹאוּ אֶל־צְרִיחַ בֵּית אֵל בְּרִֽית׃
All the men of Migdal Shechem heard. They went to the forest stockade of the temple of the god Beris.
All the men of Migdal Shechem heard. They went to the forest stockade of the temple of the god Beris.
Rashi
צריח. יער שכפו אילנות ופסגים סביב סביב, וקורין אותו פלייש"ר בלע"ז:
Forest stockade. A forest encircled by twisted trees and branches, called "plisse" in old French.
בית אל ברית. אותו צריח היה של בעל ברית, שם של עבודה זרה שלהם, וצלמון (פסוק מח), יער היה שם ויש פותרין: צריח, וודוו"י בלע"ז שעושין בקרקע:
Of the temple of the god Beris. The stockade belonged to Baal Beris, the name of their deity. Tzalmon15Mentioned in v. 48., too, owned a forest there. Others interpret צֽרִיחַ as "voutes" in old French, "bunker," dug into the ground.
וַיֻּגַּד לַאֲבִימֶלֶךְ כִּי הִֽתְקַבְּצוּ כׇּֽל־בַּעֲלֵי מִֽגְדַּל־שְׁכֶֽם׃
It was reported to Avimelech that they assembled—all the men of Migdal Shechem.
It was reported to Avimelech that they assembled—all the men of Migdal Shechem.
וַיַּעַל אֲבִימֶלֶךְ הַר־צַלְמוֹן הוּא וְכׇל־הָעָם אֲשֶׁר־אִתּוֹ וַיִּקַּח אֲבִימֶלֶךְ אֶת־הַקַּרְדֻּמּוֹת בְּיָדוֹ וַיִּכְרֹת שׂוֹכַת עֵצִים וַיִּשָּׂאֶהָ וַיָּשֶׂם עַל־שִׁכְמוֹ וַיֹּאמֶר אֶל־הָעָם אֲשֶׁר־עִמּוֹ מָה רְאִיתֶם עָשִׂיתִי מַהֲרוּ עֲשׂוּ כָמֽוֹנִי׃
Avimelech ascended Mount Tzalmon—he, and all the people accompanying him. Avimelech took a hatchet in his hand, cut down the overhang of a tree, lifted it, and placed it on his shoulder. He said to the people accompanying him, "You have seen what I have done—quickly, do as I have done!"
Avimelech ascended Mount Tzalmon—he, and all the people accompanying him. Avimelech took a hatchet in his hand, cut down the overhang of a tree, lifted it, and placed it on his shoulder. He said to the people accompanying him, "You have seen what I have done—quickly, do as I have done!"
Rashi
שוכת עצים. ענף עצים:
The overhang of a tree. The branch of a tree.
וַיִּכְרְתוּ גַם־כׇּל־הָעָם אִישׁ שׂוֹכֹה וַיֵּלְכוּ אַחֲרֵי אֲבִימֶלֶךְ וַיָּשִׂימוּ עַֽל־הַצְּרִיחַ וַיַּצִּיתוּ עֲלֵיהֶם אֶֽת־הַצְּרִיחַ בָּאֵשׁ וַיָּמֻתוּ גַּם כׇּל־אַנְשֵׁי מִֽגְדַּל־שְׁכֶם כְּאֶלֶף אִישׁ וְאִשָּֽׁה׃ {פ}
The people, too, cut their overhangings—everyone. They then proceeded behind Avimelech, placed them on the forest stockade, and set the stockade on fire with them. And they perished all the people of Migdal Shechem—as well—about one thousand men and women.
The people, too, cut their overhangings—everyone. They then proceeded behind Avimelech, placed them on the forest stockade, and set the stockade on fire with them. And they perished all the people of Migdal Shechem—as well—about one thousand men and women.
וַיֵּלֶךְ אֲבִימֶלֶךְ אֶל־תֵּבֵץ וַיִּחַן בְּתֵבֵץ וַֽיִּלְכְּדָֽהּ׃
Avimelech marched to Tevetz, encamped in Tevetz, and captured it.
Avimelech marched to Tevetz, encamped in Tevetz, and captured it.
וּמִגְדַּל־עֹז הָיָה בְתוֹךְ־הָעִיר וַיָּנֻסוּ שָׁמָּה כׇּל־הָאֲנָשִׁים וְהַנָּשִׁים וְכֹל בַּעֲלֵי הָעִיר וַֽיִּסְגְּרוּ בַּעֲדָם וַֽיַּעֲלוּ עַל־גַּג הַמִּגְדָּֽל׃
There was a formidable tower inside the city. All the men and women fled there, with all the citizens of the city, and locked themselves in. They ascended to the roof of the tower.
There was a formidable tower inside the city. All the men and women fled there, with all the citizens of the city, and locked themselves in. They ascended to the roof of the tower.
וַיָּבֹא אֲבִימֶלֶךְ עַד־הַמִּגְדָּל וַיִּלָּחֶם בּוֹ וַיִּגַּשׁ עַד־פֶּתַח הַמִּגְדָּל לְשׇׂרְפוֹ בָאֵֽשׁ׃
Avimelech arrived at the tower, and engaged it in battle. He stepped up to the tower entrance to set it on fire.
Avimelech arrived at the tower, and engaged it in battle. He stepped up to the tower entrance to set it on fire.
וַתַּשְׁלֵךְ אִשָּׁה אַחַת פֶּלַח רֶכֶב עַל־רֹאשׁ אֲבִימֶלֶךְ וַתָּרִץ אֶת־גֻּלְגׇּלְתּֽוֹ׃
One woman flung a pestle shard on Avimelech's head, and smashed his skull.
One woman flung a pestle shard on Avimelech's head, and smashed his skull.
Rashi
פלח רכב. חתיכת אבן של ריחים העליונה הקרויה רכב:
A pestle shard. A fragment of upper grinding stone called "pestle" [lit. "rider.16As the upper pestle stone “rides” the lower mortar stone. (Metzudos).].
ותרץ. ותרוצץ:
And smashed. Crushed.17תָּרָץ is usually translated as “ran”. Here, however, the translation is “crushed”, or “smashed”.
וַיִּקְרָא מְהֵרָה אֶל־הַנַּעַר ׀ נֹשֵׂא כֵלָיו וַיֹּאמֶר לוֹ שְׁלֹף חַרְבְּךָ וּמוֹתְתֵנִי פֶּן־יֹאמְרוּ לִי אִשָּׁה הֲרָגָתְהוּ וַיִּדְקְרֵהוּ נַעֲרוֹ וַיָּמֹֽת׃
He called quickly to the youth who served as his adjutant, and said to him, "Draw your sword and kill me, lest it be said of me 'A woman slew him.'" His youth stabbed him, and he expired.
He called quickly to the youth who served as his adjutant, and said to him, "Draw your sword and kill me, lest it be said of me 'A woman slew him.'" His youth stabbed him, and he expired.
Rashi
פן יאמרו לי. פן יאמרו עלי:
Lest it be said of me. Lest it be said concerning me.18לי is not translated as “to me,” but as “concerning me.”
וַיִּרְאוּ אִֽישׁ־יִשְׂרָאֵל כִּי מֵת אֲבִימֶלֶךְ וַיֵּלְכוּ אִישׁ לִמְקֹמֽוֹ׃
When the Yisroelites saw that Avimelech had died, they departed, each of them to his place.
When the Yisroelites saw that Avimelech had died, they departed, each of them to his place.
וַיָּשֶׁב אֱלֹהִים אֵת רָעַת אֲבִימֶלֶךְ אֲשֶׁר עָשָׂה לְאָבִיו לַהֲרֹג אֶת־שִׁבְעִים אֶחָֽיו׃
God exacted retribution for Avimelech's evil deeds against his father—the murder of his seventy brothers.
God exacted retribution for Avimelech's evil deeds against his father—the murder of his seventy brothers.
וְאֵת כׇּל־רָעַת אַנְשֵׁי שְׁכֶם הֵשִׁיב אֱלֹהִים בְּרֹאשָׁם וַתָּבֹא אֲלֵיהֶם קִֽלְלַת יוֹתָם בֶּן־יְרֻבָּֽעַל׃ {פ}
And all the evil deeds of the people of Shechem, God brought to bear against them; they were stricken with the curse of Yosam ben Yerubaal.
And all the evil deeds of the people of Shechem, God brought to bear against them; they were stricken with the curse of Yosam ben Yerubaal.
ופחזים. בהולים במעשיהם לעשות בלא תבונה:
Headstrong. They acted impetuously, thoughtlessly.