Tanach
Vayikra 13:1-8 ויקרא י״ג:א׳-ח׳
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וַיְדַבֵּר יְהֹוָה אֶל־מֹשֶׁה וְאֶֽל־אַהֲרֹן לֵאמֹֽר׃
Adonoy spoke to Moshe and to Aharon, saying:
Adonoy spoke to Moshe and to Aharon, saying:
אָדָם כִּֽי־יִהְיֶה בְעוֹר־בְּשָׂרוֹ שְׂאֵת אֽוֹ־סַפַּחַת אוֹ בַהֶרֶת וְהָיָה בְעוֹר־בְּשָׂרוֹ לְנֶגַע צָרָעַת וְהוּבָא אֶל־אַהֲרֹן הַכֹּהֵן אוֹ אֶל־אַחַד מִבָּנָיו הַכֹּהֲנִֽים׃
When a person will have, in the skin of his flesh a spot of intense whiteness or an off-white spot, or a snow-white spot, and it forms on the skin of his body [like] the plague of tzoraas, he shall be brought to Aharon, the kohein, or to one of his sons, the kohanim.
When a person will have, in the skin of his flesh a spot of intense whiteness or an off-white spot, or a snow-white spot, and it forms on the skin of his body [like] the plague of tzoraas, he shall be brought to Aharon, the kohein, or to one of his sons, the kohanim.
Rashi
בהרת. חֲבַרְבּוּרוֹת, טיי"א בְּלַעַז, וְכֵן בָּהִיר הוּא בַּשְּׁחָקִים (איוב ל"ז):
בהרת means SPOTS, taie in O. F. — Similar is (Job 37:21) “It is a spot (בהיר) in the skies”.
אל אהרן וגו'. גְּזֵרַת הַכָּתוּב הִיא שֶׁאֵין טֻמְאַת נְגָעִים וְטָהֳרָתָן אֶלָּא עַל פִּי כֹהֵן (ספרא):
'אל אהרון וגו [HE SHALL BE BROUGHT] TO AARON etc. — It is an enactment of Scripture that the uncleanness and purification of leprous plagues are pronounced only by the mouth of a priest (Sifra, Tazria Parashat Nega'im, Section 1 9).
וְרָאָה הַכֹּהֵן אֶת־הַנֶּגַע בְּעֽוֹר־הַבָּשָׂר וְשֵׂעָר בַּנֶּגַע הָפַךְ ׀ לָבָן וּמַרְאֵה הַנֶּגַע עָמֹק מֵעוֹר בְּשָׂרוֹ נֶגַע צָרַעַת הוּא וְרָאָהוּ הַכֹּהֵן וְטִמֵּא אֹתֽוֹ׃
The kohein shall see the plague in the skin of the flesh and [if] the hair in the skin-eruption has turned white and the appearance of the plague is deeper than the skin of his body, it is the skin-eruption of tzoraas. The kohein shall see it and declare him [to be] unclean.
The kohein shall see the plague in the skin of the flesh and [if] the hair in the skin-eruption has turned white and the appearance of the plague is deeper than the skin of his body, it is the skin-eruption of tzoraas. The kohein shall see it and declare him [to be] unclean.
Rashi
הפך לבן. מִתְּחִלָּה שָׁחֹר וְהָפַךְ לְלָבָן בְּתוֹךְ הַנֶּגַע; וּמִעוּט שֵׂעָר שְׁנַיִם:
הפך לבן [THE HAIR …] IS TURNED WHITE — This means that at first it was dark, and it turned white within the plague. The smallest number of hairs implied by the term שער is two (Sifra, Tazria Parashat Nega'im, Chapter 2 2).
עמק מעור בשרו. כָּל מַרְאֵה לָבָן עָמֹק הוּא, כְּמַרְאֵה חַמָּה עֲמֻקָּה מִן הַצֵּל:
עמק מעור בשרו [THE PLAGUE] IS DEEPER THAN THE SKIN OF HIS FLESH — Every white colour is deep (in contrast to a dark colour surrounding it) just as the colour of anything illuminated by the sun is deeper than the shadow (Shevuot 6b).
וטמא אתו. יֹאמַר לוֹ טָמֵא אַתָּה, שֶׁשֵּׂעָר לָבָן סִימָן טֻמְאָה הוּא גְּזֵרַת הַכָּתוּב:
וטמא אתו HE SHALL PRONOUNCE HIM UNCLEAN — He (the priest) shall say to him. “Thou art unclean” — for it is an enactment of Scripture that hair that has become white is a symptom of uncleanness.
וְאִם־בַּהֶרֶת לְבָנָה הִוא בְּעוֹר בְּשָׂרוֹ וְעָמֹק אֵין־מַרְאֶהָ מִן־הָעוֹר וּשְׂעָרָהֿ לֹא־הָפַךְ לָבָן וְהִסְגִּיר הַכֹּהֵן אֶת־הַנֶּגַע שִׁבְעַת יָמִֽים׃
If it is a snow-white spot in the skin of the flesh and it does not appear deeper than the skin and the hair did not turn white, the kohein shall confine the plague for seven days.
If it is a snow-white spot in the skin of the flesh and it does not appear deeper than the skin and the hair did not turn white, the kohein shall confine the plague for seven days.
Rashi
ועמק אין מראה. לֹא יָדַעְתִּי פֵרוּשׁוֹ:
ועמק אין מראה AND ITS APPEARANCE BE NOT DEEPER [THAN THE SKIN] — I do not know the meaning of this.
והסגיר. יַסְגִּירֶנּוּ בְּבַיִת אֶחָד וְלֹא יִרְאֶה עַד סוֹף הַשָּׁבוּעַ וְיוֹכִיחוּ סִימָנִים עָלָיו:
והסגיר HE SHALL SHUT [HIM UP] — He shall shut him up in one house and shall not see him again until the end of the week. Then the symptom that show themselves shall decide regarding him whether he is unclean or not.
וְרָאָהוּ הַכֹּהֵן בַּיּוֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִי וְהִנֵּה הַנֶּגַע עָמַד בְּעֵינָיו לֹֽא־פָשָׂה הַנֶּגַע בָּעוֹר וְהִסְגִּירוֹ הַכֹּהֵן שִׁבְעַת יָמִים שֵׁנִֽית׃
The kohein shall see him on the seventh day and behold! [if] the skin-eruption has maintained its hue; the skin-eruption did not spread in the skin. The kohein shall confine him for seven days, a second time,
The kohein shall see him on the seventh day and behold! [if] the skin-eruption has maintained its hue; the skin-eruption did not spread in the skin. The kohein shall confine him for seven days, a second time,
Rashi
בעניו. בְּמַרְאֵהוּ וּבְשִׁעוּרוֹ הָרִאשׁוֹן:
בעניו means in its original colour and size.
והסגירו … שנית. הָא אִם פָּשָׂה בְּשָׁבוּעַ רִאשׁוֹן, טָמֵא מֻחְלָט:
שנית … והסגירו HE SHALL SHUT HIM UP … A SECOND TIME — Consequently if it has spread during the first week, he is decidedly unclean, and no further quarantine is required.
וְרָאָה הַכֹּהֵן אֹתוֹ בַּיּוֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִי שֵׁנִית וְהִנֵּה כֵּהָה הַנֶּגַע וְלֹא־פָשָׂה הַנֶּגַע בָּעוֹר וְטִהֲרוֹ הַכֹּהֵן מִסְפַּחַת הִוא וְכִבֶּס בְּגָדָיו וְטָהֵֽר׃
The kohein shall see him on the seventh day for the second time and behold! [if] the skin-eruption became dimmer and the skin-eruption did not spread in the skin, the kohein shall declare him [to be] clean; it is [merely] a white discoloration. He shall wash his garments and he will be cleansed.
The kohein shall see him on the seventh day for the second time and behold! [if] the skin-eruption became dimmer and the skin-eruption did not spread in the skin, the kohein shall declare him [to be] clean; it is [merely] a white discoloration. He shall wash his garments and he will be cleansed.
Rashi
כהה. הָכְהָה מִמַּרְאִיתוֹ, הָא אִם עָמַד בְּמַרְאִיתוֹ אוֹ פָשָׂה טָמֵא:
כֵּהֶה means it has become paler than its former color — consequently if it remains in its color or if it has spread he is unclean.
מספחת. שֵׁם נֶגַע טָהוֹר:
מספחת — This is the name of a clean leprous disease.
וכבס בגדיו וטהר. הוֹאִיל וְנִזְקַק לְהִסָּגֵר נִקְרָא טָמֵא וְצָרִיךְ טְבִילָה:
וכבס את בגדיו וטהר AND HE SHALL WASH HIS GARMENTS AND BE CLEAN — Since he required shutting up he was termed (was regarded as coming under the term) “unclean” (although it now transpires that he was clean), and he must undergo immersion in a ritual bath.
וְאִם־פָּשֹׂה תִפְשֶׂה הַמִּסְפַּחַת בָּעוֹר אַחֲרֵי הֵרָאֹתוֹ אֶל־הַכֹּהֵן לְטׇהֳרָתוֹ וְנִרְאָה שֵׁנִית אֶל־הַכֹּהֵֽן׃
If the white discoloration has spread in the skin after it was shown to the kohein, who pronounced that it was clean, it must be shown a second time to the kohein.
If the white discoloration has spread in the skin after it was shown to the kohein, who pronounced that it was clean, it must be shown a second time to the kohein.
וְרָאָה הַכֹּהֵן וְהִנֵּה פָּשְׂתָה הַמִּסְפַּחַת בָּעוֹר וְטִמְּאוֹ הַכֹּהֵן צָרַעַת הִֽוא׃ {פ}
The kohein shall see and behold! [if] the white discoloration has spread in the skin, the kohein shall declare him unclean, it is tzoraas.
The kohein shall see and behold! [if] the white discoloration has spread in the skin, the kohein shall declare him unclean, it is tzoraas.
Rashi
וטמאו הכהן. וּמִשֶּׁטִּמְּאוֹ הֲרֵי הוּא מֻחְלָט, וְזָקוּק לְצִפֳּרִים וּלְתִגְלַחַת וּלְקָרְבָּן הָאָמוּר בְּפָרָשַׁת זֹאת תִּהְיֶה:
וטמאו הכהן AND THE PRIEST SHALL PRONOUNCE HIM UNCLEAN — and as soon as he has pronounced him unclean he is a decided leper and he is obliged when he recovers from his leprosy to bring two birds (as a means of his purification) and to shave his flesh and to bring the offering which is mentioned in the section beginning זאת תהיה — Leviticus ch. 14 (cf. Megillah 8b).
צרעת הוא. הַמִּסְפַּחַת הַזֹּאת:
צרעת הוא IT IS A LEPROSY — this מספחת is a leprosy (while the מספחת mentioned in v. 6 is a clean scab)
צרעת. לְשׁוֹן נְקֵבָה. נגע. לְשׁוֹן זָכָר:
The word צרעת is feminine; נגע is masculine.
שאת או ספחת וגו'. שְׁמוֹת נְגָעִים הֵם וּלְבָנוֹת זוֹ מִזּוֹ:
'שאת או ספחת וגו — These are the names of leprous plagues — A RISING, A SCAB etc., — and they are the one whiter than the other (cf. Shevuot 5b; Sifra, Tazria Parashat Nega'im, Section 1 4).