Vayikra
Tazria תזריע
Part of: TazriaTazria, Aliyah 1Tazria, Aliyah 2Tazria, Aliyah 3Tazria, Aliyah 4Tazria, Aliyah 5Tazria, Aliyah 6Tazria, Aliyah 7Chapter 12Chapter 13Petuchah, Leviticus 12:1Petuchah, Leviticus 13:1Petuchah, Leviticus 13:9Petuchah, Leviticus 13:18Petuchah, Leviticus 13:29Setumah, Leviticus 13:24Setumah, Leviticus 13:38Setumah, Leviticus 13:40Setumah, Leviticus 13:47
Reading: Hebrew · Simple EnglishHebrew · Faithful translationHebrew onlyHebrew · Simple EnglishHebrew · Faithful translationHebrew onlySimple English onlyFaithful translation onlySide by sideRashi
Vayikra 12
וַיְדַבֵּר יְהֹוָה אֶל־מֹשֶׁה לֵּאמֹֽר׃
Adonoy spoke to Moshe saying:
Adonoy spoke to Moshe saying:
דַּבֵּר אֶל־בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל לֵאמֹר אִשָּׁה כִּי תַזְרִיעַ וְיָלְדָה זָכָר וְטָֽמְאָה שִׁבְעַת יָמִים כִּימֵי נִדַּת דְּוֺתָהּ תִּטְמָֽא׃
Speak to Bnei Yisroel, saying, when a woman conceives and gives birth to a male child she will be ritually unclean for seven days; as the days of her menstrual flow, she will be unclean.
Speak to Bnei Yisroel, saying, when a woman conceives and gives birth to a male child she will be ritually unclean for seven days; as the days of her menstrual flow, she will be unclean.
Rashi
כי תזריע. לְרַבּוֹת שֶׁאֲפִלּוּ יְלָדַתּוּ מָחוּי — שֶׁנִּמְחָה וְנַעֲשָׂה כְּעֵין זֶרַע — אִמּוֹ טְמֵאָה לֵידָה (נדה כ"ז):
כי תזריע — These words are superfluous, כי ילדה would suffice — they mean literally, ”if she bringeth forth seed” and are employed to include the case that if she gave birth to him (the male child) as a pulpy mass which had dissolved, having become liquified like seed, even then its mother becomes unclean as though it were a normal birth (Niddah 27b).
כימי נדת דותה תטמא. כְּסֵדֶר כָּל טֻמְאָה הָאֲמוּרָה בְנִדָּה מִטַּמְּאָה בְטֻמְאַת לֵידָה, וַאֲפִלוּ נִפְתַּח הַקֶּבֶר בְּלֹא דָם (שם כ"א):
כימי נדת דותה תטמא AS IN THE DAYS OF THE SEPARATION FOR HER IMPURITY SHALL SHE BECOME UNCLEAN — According to the regulation of every uncleanness which is mentioned in the case of a נדה does she become unclean in respect to the uncleanness resulting from child-birth — even though the womb opened without any issue of blood (cf. Niddah 21a).
דותה. לְשׁוֹן דָּבָר הַזָּב מִגּוּפָהּ; לָשׁוֹן אַחֵר לְשׁוֹן מַדְוֶה וְחֹלִי, שֶׁאֵין אִשָּׁה רוֹאָה דָם שֶׁלֹּא תֶחֱלֶה וְרֹאשָׁהּ וְאֵבָרֶיהָ כְבֵדִין עָלֶיהָ (שם ט'):
דותה — This is an expression for anything which flows from her body (זב = דו, “flowing”), and the translation is: “as in the days of separation due to her flux”. Another explanation is: it has the same meaning as .מדוה (root דוה), malady and sickness, and this is termed דותה, “her sickness”, because no woman sees an issue of blood from herself except that, as a result of it, she becomes unwell and her head and limbs feel heavy (cf. Niddah 9a).
וּבַיּוֹם הַשְּׁמִינִי יִמּוֹל בְּשַׂר עׇרְלָתֽוֹ׃
On the eighth day, the flesh of his foreskin shall be circumcised.
On the eighth day, the flesh of his foreskin shall be circumcised.
וּשְׁלֹשִׁים יוֹם וּשְׁלֹשֶׁת יָמִים תֵּשֵׁב בִּדְמֵי טׇהֳרָהֿ בְּכׇל־קֹדֶשׁ לֹֽא־תִגָּע וְאֶל־הַמִּקְדָּשׁ לֹא תָבֹא עַד־מְלֹאת יְמֵי טׇהֳרָֽהּ׃
For thirty-three days she will remain [in the status] that the blood [she sees] is ritually pure. She shall not touch anything holy and she shall not come into the Sanctuary, until the days of her purity are completed.
For thirty-three days she will remain [in the status] that the blood [she sees] is ritually pure. She shall not touch anything holy and she shall not come into the Sanctuary, until the days of her purity are completed.
Rashi
תשב. אֵין תֵּשֵׁב אֶלָּא לְשׁוֹן עַכָּבָה, כְּמוֹ וַתֵּשְׁבוּ בְקָדֵשׁ (דברים א'), וַיֵּשֶׁב בְּאֵלֹנֵי מַמְרֵא (בראשית י"ג):
תשב — The word תשב signifies here “remaining”, just as in (Deuteronomy 1:46) “And ye stayed (ותשבו) at Kadesh”, and (Genesis 13:18) “and he stayed (וישב) in the Plain of Mamre”
בדמי טהרה. אַעַ"פִּי שֶׁרוֹאָה טְהוֹרָה:
בדמי טהרה IN THE BLOOD OF PURIFICATION — Even though she see an issue of blood she is nevertheless clean (Sifra, Tazria Parashat Yoledet, Chapter 1 7).
בדמי טהרה. לֹא מַפִּיק הֵ"א, וְהוּא שֵׁם דָּבָר כְּמוֹ טֹהַר:
בדמי טהרה — There is no Mappik in the last 'ה of טהרה (as there is in the last word of this verse): it (the word) is an uninflected noun similar in meaning to טֹהַר (being a feminine form of it).
ימי טהרה. מַפִּיק הֵ"א — יְמֵי טֹהַר שֶׁלָּהּ:
ימי טהרה — the 'ה here has a Mappik and the meaning is: the days of her טֹהַר, her purification.
בכל קדש. לְרַבּוֹת אֶת הַתְּרוּמָה, לְפִי שֶׁזּוֹ טְבוּלַת יוֹם אָרֹךְ, שֶׁטָּבְלָה לְסוֹף שִׁבְעָה וְאֵין שִׁמְשָׁהּ מַעֲרִיב לְטַהֲרָהּ עַד שְׁקִיעַת הַחַמָּה שֶׁל יוֹם אַרְבָּעִים שֶׁלְּמָחָר תָּבִיא אֶת כַּפָּרַת טָהֳרָתָהּ:
בכל קדש [SHE SHALL NOT TOUCH] ANYTHING THAT IS HOLY — not anything: this serves to include the heave-offering (Makkot 14b; Yevamot 75a). The Torah prescribes this because such a woman must be regarded as one who has taken the immersion on a very long day (טבולת יום ארוך), because she immersed herself at the end of the first seven days whilst her sun does not set to bring about her purification until sunset of the fortieth day since it is only on the morrow that she has to bring the atonement offering in connection with her purification, as it is stated in v. 6.
לא תגע. אַזְהָרָה לָאוֹכֵל וְכוֹ' כְּמוֹ שֶׁשְּׁנוּיָה בִיבָמוֹת (דף ע"ה):
לא תגע SHE SHALL NOT TOUCH — This is a prohibition addressed to anyone who would eat holy things in a state of uncleanness, as it is stated in a Baraitha in Yevamot 75a.
וְאִם־נְקֵבָה תֵלֵד וְטָמְאָה שְׁבֻעַיִם כְּנִדָּתָהּ וְשִׁשִּׁים יוֹם וְשֵׁשֶׁת יָמִים תֵּשֵׁב עַל־דְּמֵי טׇהֳרָֽהֿ׃
If she gives birth to a female she will be unclean for two weeks as during her menstruation. For sixty-six days she will remain [in the status] that the blood [she sees] is ritually pure.
If she gives birth to a female she will be unclean for two weeks as during her menstruation. For sixty-six days she will remain [in the status] that the blood [she sees] is ritually pure.
וּבִמְלֹאת ׀ יְמֵי טׇהֳרָהּ לְבֵן אוֹ לְבַת תָּבִיא כֶּבֶשׂ בֶּן־שְׁנָתוֹ לְעֹלָה וּבֶן־יוֹנָה אוֹ־תֹר לְחַטָּאת אֶל־פֶּתַח אֹֽהֶל־מוֹעֵד אֶל־הַכֹּהֵֽן׃
When the days of her purification are completed, be it for a son or for a daughter, she shall bring a lamb, in its first year, as a burnt-offering and a young pigeon or a turtledove as a sin-offering, to the entrance of the Tent of Meeting, to the kohein.
When the days of her purification are completed, be it for a son or for a daughter, she shall bring a lamb, in its first year, as a burnt-offering and a young pigeon or a turtledove as a sin-offering, to the entrance of the Tent of Meeting, to the kohein.
וְהִקְרִיבוֹ לִפְנֵי יְהֹוָה וְכִפֶּר עָלֶיהָ וְטָהֲרָהֿ מִמְּקֹר דָּמֶיהָ זֹאת תּוֹרַת הַיֹּלֶדֶת לַזָּכָר אוֹ לַנְּקֵבָֽה׃
He will bring it before Adonoy and atone for her and she will be cleansed from the source of her blood; this is the law regarding the woman who gives birth to a male or to a female.
He will bring it before Adonoy and atone for her and she will be cleansed from the source of her blood; this is the law regarding the woman who gives birth to a male or to a female.
Rashi
והקריבו. לִמֶּדְךָ שֶׁאֵין מְעַכְּבָהּ לֶאֱכֹל בְּקָדָשִׁים אֶלָּא אֶחָד מֵהֶם, וְאֵי זֶה הוּא? זֶה חַטָּאת, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר וְכִפֶּר עָלֶיהָ הַכֹּהֵן וְטָהֵרָה, מִי שֶׁהוּא בָא לְכַפֵּר, בּוֹ הַטָּהֳרָה תְלוּיָה:
והקריבו AND HE SHALL OFFER IT — Two offerings have been mentioned, a lamb and a bird, but it states here ,,and he shall offer it and so make an atonement for her” — this teaches you that only the omission to sacrifice a particular one of these two precludes her from eating the sacrificial food. And which is this? It is the sin-offering, because it is stated immediately afterwards: “he shall make expiation for her and she shall be clean” — that which is intended as expiation (i. e. the sin-offering), upon it does the purification depend (Sifra, Tazria Parashat Yoledet, Chapter 3 4).
וטהרה. מִכְּלָל שֶׁעַד כָּאן קְרוּיָה טְמֵאָה:
וטהרה AND SHE SHALL BE CLEAN — it follows, therefore, that until now (until she has brought the atonement offering) she is termed ‘‘unclean” (i.e. she is regarded as טמאה) although she is actually טהרה.
וְאִם־לֹא תִמְצָא יָדָהּ דֵּי שֶׂה וְלָקְחָה שְׁתֵּֽי־תֹרִים אוֹ שְׁנֵי בְּנֵי יוֹנָה אֶחָד לְעֹלָה וְאֶחָד לְחַטָּאת וְכִפֶּר עָלֶיהָ הַכֹּהֵן וְטָהֵֽרָה׃ {פ}
If she cannot afford [to acquire] a lamb she shall take two turtledoves or two young pigeons; one as a burnt-offering and one as a sin-offering. The kohein will atone for her and she will be cleansed.
If she cannot afford [to acquire] a lamb she shall take two turtledoves or two young pigeons; one as a burnt-offering and one as a sin-offering. The kohein will atone for her and she will be cleansed.
Rashi
אחד לעלה ואחד לחטאת. לֹא הִקְדִּימָהּ הַכָּתוּב אֶלָּא לְמִקְרָאָהּ, אֲבָל לְהַקְרָבָה חַטָּאת קוֹדֵם לָעוֹלָה, כָּךְ שָׁנִינוּ בִּזְבָחִים בְּפֶרֶק כָּל הַתָּדִיר (זבחים צ ע"א):
אחד לעלה ואחד לחטאת THE ONE FOR A BURNT-OFFERING AND THE OTHER FOR A SIN-OFFERING — Scripture puts it (the עולה) first only by way of mention, but so far as offering it is concerned the sin-offering precedes the burnt-offering; thus do we learn in the Treatise Zevachim 90a, in the chapter commencing כל התדיר .
Vayikra 13
וַיְדַבֵּר יְהֹוָה אֶל־מֹשֶׁה וְאֶֽל־אַהֲרֹן לֵאמֹֽר׃
Adonoy spoke to Moshe and to Aharon, saying:
Adonoy spoke to Moshe and to Aharon, saying:
אָדָם כִּֽי־יִהְיֶה בְעוֹר־בְּשָׂרוֹ שְׂאֵת אֽוֹ־סַפַּחַת אוֹ בַהֶרֶת וְהָיָה בְעוֹר־בְּשָׂרוֹ לְנֶגַע צָרָעַת וְהוּבָא אֶל־אַהֲרֹן הַכֹּהֵן אוֹ אֶל־אַחַד מִבָּנָיו הַכֹּהֲנִֽים׃
When a person will have, in the skin of his flesh a spot of intense whiteness or an off-white spot, or a snow-white spot, and it forms on the skin of his body [like] the plague of tzoraas, he shall be brought to Aharon, the kohein, or to one of his sons, the kohanim.
When a person will have, in the skin of his flesh a spot of intense whiteness or an off-white spot, or a snow-white spot, and it forms on the skin of his body [like] the plague of tzoraas, he shall be brought to Aharon, the kohein, or to one of his sons, the kohanim.
Rashi
שאת או ספחת וגו'. שְׁמוֹת נְגָעִים הֵם וּלְבָנוֹת זוֹ מִזּוֹ:
'שאת או ספחת וגו — These are the names of leprous plagues — A RISING, A SCAB etc., — and they are the one whiter than the other (cf. Shevuot 5b; Sifra, Tazria Parashat Nega'im, Section 1 4).
בהרת. חֲבַרְבּוּרוֹת, טיי"א בְּלַעַז, וְכֵן בָּהִיר הוּא בַּשְּׁחָקִים (איוב ל"ז):
בהרת means SPOTS, taie in O. F. — Similar is (Job 37:21) “It is a spot (בהיר) in the skies”.
אל אהרן וגו'. גְּזֵרַת הַכָּתוּב הִיא שֶׁאֵין טֻמְאַת נְגָעִים וְטָהֳרָתָן אֶלָּא עַל פִּי כֹהֵן (ספרא):
'אל אהרון וגו [HE SHALL BE BROUGHT] TO AARON etc. — It is an enactment of Scripture that the uncleanness and purification of leprous plagues are pronounced only by the mouth of a priest (Sifra, Tazria Parashat Nega'im, Section 1 9).
וְרָאָה הַכֹּהֵן אֶת־הַנֶּגַע בְּעֽוֹר־הַבָּשָׂר וְשֵׂעָר בַּנֶּגַע הָפַךְ ׀ לָבָן וּמַרְאֵה הַנֶּגַע עָמֹק מֵעוֹר בְּשָׂרוֹ נֶגַע צָרַעַת הוּא וְרָאָהוּ הַכֹּהֵן וְטִמֵּא אֹתֽוֹ׃
The kohein shall see the plague in the skin of the flesh and [if] the hair in the skin-eruption has turned white and the appearance of the plague is deeper than the skin of his body, it is the skin-eruption of tzoraas. The kohein shall see it and declare him [to be] unclean.
The kohein shall see the plague in the skin of the flesh and [if] the hair in the skin-eruption has turned white and the appearance of the plague is deeper than the skin of his body, it is the skin-eruption of tzoraas. The kohein shall see it and declare him [to be] unclean.
Rashi
הפך לבן. מִתְּחִלָּה שָׁחֹר וְהָפַךְ לְלָבָן בְּתוֹךְ הַנֶּגַע; וּמִעוּט שֵׂעָר שְׁנַיִם:
הפך לבן [THE HAIR …] IS TURNED WHITE — This means that at first it was dark, and it turned white within the plague. The smallest number of hairs implied by the term שער is two (Sifra, Tazria Parashat Nega'im, Chapter 2 2).
עמק מעור בשרו. כָּל מַרְאֵה לָבָן עָמֹק הוּא, כְּמַרְאֵה חַמָּה עֲמֻקָּה מִן הַצֵּל:
עמק מעור בשרו [THE PLAGUE] IS DEEPER THAN THE SKIN OF HIS FLESH — Every white colour is deep (in contrast to a dark colour surrounding it) just as the colour of anything illuminated by the sun is deeper than the shadow (Shevuot 6b).
וטמא אתו. יֹאמַר לוֹ טָמֵא אַתָּה, שֶׁשֵּׂעָר לָבָן סִימָן טֻמְאָה הוּא גְּזֵרַת הַכָּתוּב:
וטמא אתו HE SHALL PRONOUNCE HIM UNCLEAN — He (the priest) shall say to him. “Thou art unclean” — for it is an enactment of Scripture that hair that has become white is a symptom of uncleanness.
וְאִם־בַּהֶרֶת לְבָנָה הִוא בְּעוֹר בְּשָׂרוֹ וְעָמֹק אֵין־מַרְאֶהָ מִן־הָעוֹר וּשְׂעָרָהֿ לֹא־הָפַךְ לָבָן וְהִסְגִּיר הַכֹּהֵן אֶת־הַנֶּגַע שִׁבְעַת יָמִֽים׃
If it is a snow-white spot in the skin of the flesh and it does not appear deeper than the skin and the hair did not turn white, the kohein shall confine the plague for seven days.
If it is a snow-white spot in the skin of the flesh and it does not appear deeper than the skin and the hair did not turn white, the kohein shall confine the plague for seven days.
Rashi
ועמק אין מראה. לֹא יָדַעְתִּי פֵרוּשׁוֹ:
ועמק אין מראה AND ITS APPEARANCE BE NOT DEEPER [THAN THE SKIN] — I do not know the meaning of this.
והסגיר. יַסְגִּירֶנּוּ בְּבַיִת אֶחָד וְלֹא יִרְאֶה עַד סוֹף הַשָּׁבוּעַ וְיוֹכִיחוּ סִימָנִים עָלָיו:
והסגיר HE SHALL SHUT [HIM UP] — He shall shut him up in one house and shall not see him again until the end of the week. Then the symptom that show themselves shall decide regarding him whether he is unclean or not.
וְרָאָהוּ הַכֹּהֵן בַּיּוֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִי וְהִנֵּה הַנֶּגַע עָמַד בְּעֵינָיו לֹֽא־פָשָׂה הַנֶּגַע בָּעוֹר וְהִסְגִּירוֹ הַכֹּהֵן שִׁבְעַת יָמִים שֵׁנִֽית׃
The kohein shall see him on the seventh day and behold! [if] the skin-eruption has maintained its hue; the skin-eruption did not spread in the skin. The kohein shall confine him for seven days, a second time,
The kohein shall see him on the seventh day and behold! [if] the skin-eruption has maintained its hue; the skin-eruption did not spread in the skin. The kohein shall confine him for seven days, a second time,
Rashi
בעניו. בְּמַרְאֵהוּ וּבְשִׁעוּרוֹ הָרִאשׁוֹן:
בעניו means in its original colour and size.
והסגירו … שנית. הָא אִם פָּשָׂה בְּשָׁבוּעַ רִאשׁוֹן, טָמֵא מֻחְלָט:
שנית … והסגירו HE SHALL SHUT HIM UP … A SECOND TIME — Consequently if it has spread during the first week, he is decidedly unclean, and no further quarantine is required.
וְרָאָה הַכֹּהֵן אֹתוֹ בַּיּוֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִי שֵׁנִית וְהִנֵּה כֵּהָה הַנֶּגַע וְלֹא־פָשָׂה הַנֶּגַע בָּעוֹר וְטִהֲרוֹ הַכֹּהֵן מִסְפַּחַת הִוא וְכִבֶּס בְּגָדָיו וְטָהֵֽר׃
The kohein shall see him on the seventh day for the second time and behold! [if] the skin-eruption became dimmer and the skin-eruption did not spread in the skin, the kohein shall declare him [to be] clean; it is [merely] a white discoloration. He shall wash his garments and he will be cleansed.
The kohein shall see him on the seventh day for the second time and behold! [if] the skin-eruption became dimmer and the skin-eruption did not spread in the skin, the kohein shall declare him [to be] clean; it is [merely] a white discoloration. He shall wash his garments and he will be cleansed.
Rashi
כהה. הָכְהָה מִמַּרְאִיתוֹ, הָא אִם עָמַד בְּמַרְאִיתוֹ אוֹ פָשָׂה טָמֵא:
כֵּהֶה means it has become paler than its former color — consequently if it remains in its color or if it has spread he is unclean.
מספחת. שֵׁם נֶגַע טָהוֹר:
מספחת — This is the name of a clean leprous disease.
וכבס בגדיו וטהר. הוֹאִיל וְנִזְקַק לְהִסָּגֵר נִקְרָא טָמֵא וְצָרִיךְ טְבִילָה:
וכבס את בגדיו וטהר AND HE SHALL WASH HIS GARMENTS AND BE CLEAN — Since he required shutting up he was termed (was regarded as coming under the term) “unclean” (although it now transpires that he was clean), and he must undergo immersion in a ritual bath.
וְאִם־פָּשֹׂה תִפְשֶׂה הַמִּסְפַּחַת בָּעוֹר אַחֲרֵי הֵרָאֹתוֹ אֶל־הַכֹּהֵן לְטׇהֳרָתוֹ וְנִרְאָה שֵׁנִית אֶל־הַכֹּהֵֽן׃
If the white discoloration has spread in the skin after it was shown to the kohein, who pronounced that it was clean, it must be shown a second time to the kohein.
If the white discoloration has spread in the skin after it was shown to the kohein, who pronounced that it was clean, it must be shown a second time to the kohein.
וְרָאָה הַכֹּהֵן וְהִנֵּה פָּשְׂתָה הַמִּסְפַּחַת בָּעוֹר וְטִמְּאוֹ הַכֹּהֵן צָרַעַת הִֽוא׃ {פ}
The kohein shall see and behold! [if] the white discoloration has spread in the skin, the kohein shall declare him unclean, it is tzoraas.
The kohein shall see and behold! [if] the white discoloration has spread in the skin, the kohein shall declare him unclean, it is tzoraas.
Rashi
וטמאו הכהן. וּמִשֶּׁטִּמְּאוֹ הֲרֵי הוּא מֻחְלָט, וְזָקוּק לְצִפֳּרִים וּלְתִגְלַחַת וּלְקָרְבָּן הָאָמוּר בְּפָרָשַׁת זֹאת תִּהְיֶה:
וטמאו הכהן AND THE PRIEST SHALL PRONOUNCE HIM UNCLEAN — and as soon as he has pronounced him unclean he is a decided leper and he is obliged when he recovers from his leprosy to bring two birds (as a means of his purification) and to shave his flesh and to bring the offering which is mentioned in the section beginning זאת תהיה — Leviticus ch. 14 (cf. Megillah 8b).
צרעת הוא. הַמִּסְפַּחַת הַזֹּאת:
צרעת הוא IT IS A LEPROSY — this מספחת is a leprosy (while the מספחת mentioned in v. 6 is a clean scab)
צרעת. לְשׁוֹן נְקֵבָה. נגע. לְשׁוֹן זָכָר:
The word צרעת is feminine; נגע is masculine.
נֶגַע צָרַעַת כִּי תִהְיֶה בְּאָדָם וְהוּבָא אֶל־הַכֹּהֵֽן׃
When there is a skin-eruption of tzoraas on a person he shall be brought to the kohein.
When there is a skin-eruption of tzoraas on a person he shall be brought to the kohein.
וְרָאָה הַכֹּהֵן וְהִנֵּה שְׂאֵת־לְבָנָה בָּעוֹר וְהִיא הָפְכָה שֵׂעָר לָבָן וּמִֽחְיַת בָּשָׂר חַי בַּשְׂאֵֽת׃
The kohein shall see and behold! there is an intensely white spot on the skin and it has turned the hair white or there is healthy flesh in the spot of intense whiteness,
The kohein shall see and behold! there is an intensely white spot on the skin and it has turned the hair white or there is healthy flesh in the spot of intense whiteness,
Rashi
ומחית. שינמי"נט בְּלַעַז, שֶׁנֶּהְפַּךְ מִקְצַת הַלֹּבֶן שֶׁבְּתוֹךְ הַשְּׂאֵת לְמַרְאֵה בָשָׂר, אַף הִיא סִימָן טֻמְאָה — שֵׂעָר לָבָן בְּלֹא מִחְיָה וּמִחְיָה בְּלֹא שֵׂעָר לָבָן — וְאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁלֹּא נֶאֶמְרָה מִחְיָה אֶלָּא בַּשְּׂאֵת, אַף בְּכָל הַמַּרְאוֹת וְתוֹלְדוֹתֵיהֶן הוּא סִימָן טֻמְאָה:
ומחית A QUICK [RAW FLESH] — sainement in old French English healing; — it means that the part of the white within the “higher-lying white spot” (השאת) has turned to a flesh-colour; this, too, is a symptom of uncleanness; — white hair without healthy flesh, and healthy flesh without white hair . Although healthy flesh is mentioned only in connection with a spot of higher-lying colour, in the case of all pure white colours (snow-white and wool-white) and their shades (lit., derivations) it is also a symptom of uncleanness(cf. Sifra, Tazria Parashat Nega'im, Section 3 1; Mishnah Negaim 4:6).
צָרַעַת נוֹשֶׁנֶת הִוא בְּעוֹר בְּשָׂרוֹ וְטִמְּאוֹ הַכֹּהֵן לֹא יַסְגִּרֶנּוּ כִּי טָמֵא הֽוּא׃
it is an old tzoraas in the skin of his body and the kohein shall declare him unclean he shall not confine him, since he is [obviously] unclean.
it is an old tzoraas in the skin of his body and the kohein shall declare him unclean he shall not confine him, since he is [obviously] unclean.
Rashi
צרעת נושנת הוא. מַכָּה יְשָׁנָה הִיא תַּחַת הַמִּחְיָה, וְחַבּוּרָה זוֹ נִרְאֵית בְּרִיאָה לְמַעְלָה וְתַחְתֶּיהָ מְלֵאָה לֵחָה — שֶׁלֹּא תֹאמַר הוֹאִיל וְעָלְתָה מִחְיָה אֲטַהֲרֶנָּה:
צרעת נשנת הוא IT IS AN OLD LEPROSY — i. e. it is an old leprous malady beneath the sound flesh, and this wound appears healthy above, but underneath it is full of moisture (pus), therefore the priest shall pronounce it unclean. Scripture states this in order that you should not say: since healthy flesh has come over it I shall pronounce it clean.
וְאִם־פָּרוֹחַ תִּפְרַח הַצָּרַעַת בָּעוֹר וְכִסְּתָה הַצָּרַעַת אֵת כׇּל־עוֹר הַנֶּגַע מֵרֹאשׁוֹ וְעַד־רַגְלָיו לְכׇל־מַרְאֵה עֵינֵי הַכֹּהֵֽן׃
And if the tzoraas sprouts on the skin and if the tzoraas covered the entire skin of the [one affected by] the eruption from his head until his feet to the extent that the kohein can see.
And if the tzoraas sprouts on the skin and if the tzoraas covered the entire skin of the [one affected by] the eruption from his head until his feet to the extent that the kohein can see.
Rashi
מראשו. שֶׁל אָדָם ועד רגליו:
מראשו FROM THE HEAD of the man ועד רגליו AND UNTO HIS FEET,
לכל מראה עיני הכהן. פְּרָט לְכֹהֵן שֶׁחָשַׁךְ מְאוֹרוֹ (ספרא):
לכל מראה עיני הכהן WHERESOEVER THE PRIEST LOOKETH (lit., to the whole sight of the priest’s eyes) — This excludes a priest the sight of whose eyes is darkened (whose sight is imperfect) (Sifra, Tazria Parashat Nega'im, Chapter 4 4).
וְרָאָה הַכֹּהֵן וְהִנֵּה כִסְּתָה הַצָּרַעַת אֶת־כׇּל־בְּשָׂרוֹ וְטִהַר אֶת־הַנָּגַע כֻּלּוֹ הָפַךְ לָבָן טָהוֹר הֽוּא׃
The kohein shall see and behold! the tzoraas has covered all of his body, he shall declare the skin-eruption to be cleansed, it has turned completely white, he is clean.
The kohein shall see and behold! the tzoraas has covered all of his body, he shall declare the skin-eruption to be cleansed, it has turned completely white, he is clean.
וּבְיוֹם הֵרָאוֹת בּוֹ בָּשָׂר חַי יִטְמָֽא׃
On the day that healthy flesh appears on him, he will become unclean.
On the day that healthy flesh appears on him, he will become unclean.
Rashi
וביום הראות בו בשר חי. אִם צָמְחָה בוֹ מִחְיָה הֲרֵי כְבָר פֵּרֵשׁ שֶׁהַמִּחְיָה סִימָן טֻמְאָה? אֶלָּא הֲרֵי שֶׁהָיָה הַנֶּגַע בְּאֶחָד מֵעֶשְׂרִים וְאַרְבָּעָה רָאשֵׁי אֵבָרִים שֶׁאֵין מִטַּמְּאִין מִשּׁוּם מִחְיָה — לְפִי שֶׁאֵין נִרְאֶה הַנֶּגַע כֻּלּוֹ כְאֶחָד, שֶׁשּׁוֹפְעִין אֵילָךְ וָאֵילָךְ (נגעים פ"ו; קידושין כ"ה) — וְחָזַר רֹאשׁ הָאֵבֶר וְנִתְגַּלָּה שִׁפּוּעוֹ עַל יְדֵי שֻׁמָּן, כְּגוֹן שֶׁהִבְרִיא וְנַעֲשָֹה רָחָב וְנִרְאֵית בּוֹ הַמִּחְיָה, לִמְּדָנוּ הַכָּתוּב שֶׁתְּטַמֵּא (ספרא):
בו בשר חי וביום הראות BUT ON THE DAY WHEN RAW FLESH APPEARETH IN HIM [HE SHALL BE UNCLEAN] — If this means that a healthy spot sprang up in it and that on this account it is unclean, surely, however, it has already been stated that the healthy spot is a symptom of uncleanness! Why repeat it here? But it is the following case: that the plague was on one of the “twenty-four tips of the limbs” that project from the body (cf. Rashi on Exodus 21:26), — which cannot become unclean (i. e. be declared unclean) because it has healthy flesh since the leprous plague as a whole cannot be seen at one time, (as is required by Scripture stating: לכל מראה עיני הכהן cf. Kiddushin 25a),because they (the two sides of the affected limb) slope in different directions (Mishnah Negaim 6:7; Kiddushin 25a) — and the tip of the limb altered, so that its sloping side became visible through fat, as e. g., if it (the tip of the limb) became thick and broadened (so that the sloping sides flattened out to form one surface with the limb) and the healthy flesh thus becomes visible in it, Scripture informs us that it (such healthy flesh) makes it unclean on the day when it is seen in it (Sifra, Tazria Parashat Nega'im, Chapter 5 1).
וביום. מַה תַּ"ל? לְלַמֵּד יֵשׁ יוֹם שֶׁאַתָּה רוֹאֶה בוֹ וְיֵשׁ יוֹם שֶׁאֵין אַתָּה רוֹאֶה בוֹ, מִכָּאן אָמְרוּ: חָתָן נוֹתְנִין לוֹ כָּל שִׁבְעַת יְמֵי הַמִּשְׁתֶּה, לוֹ וְלִכְסוּתוֹ וּלְבֵיתוֹ, וְכֵן בָּרֶגֶל נוֹתְנִין לוֹ כָּל יְמֵי הָרֶגֶל (נגעים פ"ג, מועד קטן ז'):
וביום — Why is this word used (it might have said ובהראות)? To inform us that there are days when you may see (examine) the plague and there are days when you may not examine. On this account they (the Rabbis) said: A bridegroom is given a respite of all the seven days of the marriage festivities — to him, and to his clothing and his house (i.e. whether he himself or his clothing, cf. v. 17, or his house, cf. Leviticus 14:33 ff., has been affected by a leprous disease), and similarly on a festival he (everyone) is given a respite all the days of that festival — and during these periods the priest may not come to examine him or his clothing or his house (Mishnah Negaim 3:2; Moed Katan 7b; Sifra, Tazria Parashat Nega'im, Chapter 5 2; cf. Bekhorot 43b).
וְרָאָה הַכֹּהֵן אֶת־הַבָּשָׂר הַחַי וְטִמְּאוֹ הַבָּשָׂר הַחַי טָמֵא הוּא צָרַעַת הֽוּא׃
The kohein shall see the healthy flesh and declare him unclean. The healthy flesh is unclean, it is tzoraas.
The kohein shall see the healthy flesh and declare him unclean. The healthy flesh is unclean, it is tzoraas.
Rashi
צרעת הוא. הַבָּשָׂר הַהוּא: בָּשָׂר לְשׁוֹן זָכָר:
צרעת הוא IT IS A LEPROSY — that flesh is a leprosy; בשר is masc., and therefore the pronoun הוּא is used as its copula.
אוֹ כִי יָשׁוּב הַבָּשָׂר הַחַי וְנֶהְפַּךְ לְלָבָן וּבָא אֶל־הַכֹּהֵֽן׃
Or, if the healthy flesh turns again and it was changed to white, he shall come to the kohein.
Or, if the healthy flesh turns again and it was changed to white, he shall come to the kohein.
וְרָאָהוּ הַכֹּהֵן וְהִנֵּה נֶהְפַּךְ הַנֶּגַע לְלָבָן וְטִהַר הַכֹּהֵן אֶת־הַנֶּגַע טָהוֹר הֽוּא׃ {פ}
The kohein shall see him, and behold! the skin-eruption has turned white; the kohein shall declare the skin-eruption to be clean, he is clean.
The kohein shall see him, and behold! the skin-eruption has turned white; the kohein shall declare the skin-eruption to be clean, he is clean.
וּבָשָׂר כִּֽי־יִהְיֶה בֽוֹ־בְעֹרוֹ שְׁחִין וְנִרְפָּֽא׃
When a person has on his skin an inflammation that has healed.
When a person has on his skin an inflammation that has healed.
Rashi
שחין. לְשׁוֹן חִמּוּם, שֶׁנִּתְחַמֵּם הַבָּשָֹר בְּלִקּוּי הַבָּא לוֹ מֵחֲמַת מַכָּה שֶׁלֹּא מֵחֲמַת הָאוּר (חולין ח'):
שחין A BOIL — The word expresses the idea of heat. It is so called because the flesh has become inflamed by an injury which came about as the result of a blow and not as the result of fire (the latter case being mentioned in v. 24 and being termed a מכוה) (Chullin 8a).
ונרפא. הַשְּׁחִין הֶעֱלָה אֲרוּכָה וּבִמְקוֹמוֹ הֶעֱלָה נֶגַע אַחֵר:
ונרפא AND IT BECAME HEALED — the boil (not the flesh also mentioned in this verse) became healed and in its place it produced another plague (the שאת mentioned in the next verse).
וְהָיָה בִּמְקוֹם הַשְּׁחִין שְׂאֵת לְבָנָה אוֹ בַהֶרֶת לְבָנָה אֲדַמְדָּמֶת וְנִרְאָה אֶל־הַכֹּהֵֽן׃
If there was on the area of the inflammation a spot of intense whiteness or a snow-white spot tinged with red it shall be shown to the kohein.
If there was on the area of the inflammation a spot of intense whiteness or a snow-white spot tinged with red it shall be shown to the kohein.
Rashi
או בהרת לבנה אדמדמת. שֶׁאֵין הַנֶּגַע לָבָן חָלָק, אֶלָּא פָּתוּךְ וּמְעֹרָב בִּשְׁתֵּי מַרְאוֹת — לֹבֶן וְאֹדֶם:
או בהרת לבנה אדמדמת in OR A BRIGHT SPOT REDDISH-WHITE — It means that the plague is not evenly white but it is compounded and intermingled with two colours — white and red.
וְרָאָה הַכֹּהֵן וְהִנֵּה מַרְאֶהָ שָׁפָל מִן־הָעוֹר וּשְׂעָרָהּ הָפַךְ לָבָן וְטִמְּאוֹ הַכֹּהֵן נֶֽגַע־צָרַעַת הִוא בַּשְּׁחִין פָּרָֽחָה׃
The kohein shall see it and behold! its appearance is lower than the skin, and its hair has turned white, the kohein shall declare him unclean; It is the skin-eruption of tzoraas that has sprouted through the inflammation.
The kohein shall see it and behold! its appearance is lower than the skin, and its hair has turned white, the kohein shall declare him unclean; It is the skin-eruption of tzoraas that has sprouted through the inflammation.
Rashi
מראה שפל. וְאֵין מַמָּשָׁהּ שָׁפָל, אֶלָּא מִתּוֹךְ לַבְנוּנִיתוֹ הוּא נִרְאֶה שָׁפָל וְעָמֹק, כְּמַרְאֵה חַמָּה עֲמֻקָּה מִן הַצֵּל:
מראה שפל IT BE IN SIGHT LOWER [THAN THE SKIN] — it itself is not deeper, but on account of its whiteness it appears lower and deeper (מראה שפל), just as the colour of anything illuminated by the sun is deeper than the shadow (see Rashi v. 3).
וְאִם ׀ יִרְאֶנָּה הַכֹּהֵן וְהִנֵּה אֵֽין־בָּהּ שֵׂעָר לָבָן וּשְׁפָלָהֿ אֵינֶנָּה מִן־הָעוֹר וְהִיא כֵהָה וְהִסְגִּירוֹ הַכֹּהֵן שִׁבְעַת יָמִֽים׃
If the kohein looks at it and behold! there is no white hair in it, and it is not lower than the skin and it is faint, the kohein shall confine him for seven days.
If the kohein looks at it and behold! there is no white hair in it, and it is not lower than the skin and it is faint, the kohein shall confine him for seven days.
וְאִם־פָּשֹׂה תִפְשֶׂה בָּעוֹר וְטִמֵּא הַכֹּהֵן אֹתוֹ נֶגַע הִֽוא׃
If it spread in the skin, the kohein shall declare him unclean, it is a skin eruption.
If it spread in the skin, the kohein shall declare him unclean, it is a skin eruption.
Rashi
נגע הוא. הַשְּׂאֵת הַזֹּאת אוֹ הַבַּהֶרֶת:
נגע הִוא IT IS A PLAGUE — this rising or bright spot is a plague (שאת and בהרת are fem., hence the fem. adj. הִיא).
וְאִם־תַּחְתֶּיהָ תַּעֲמֹד הַבַּהֶרֶת לֹא פָשָׂתָה צָרֶבֶת הַשְּׁחִין הִוא וְטִהֲרוֹ הַכֹּהֵֽן׃ {ס}
If the snow-white spot remains in its place and it did not spread, it is [merely] a scar of the inflammation and the kohein shall declare him clean.
If the snow-white spot remains in its place and it did not spread, it is [merely] a scar of the inflammation and the kohein shall declare him clean.
Rashi
תחתיה. בִּמְקוֹמָהּ:
.תחתיה means IN ITS PLACE (and not “beneath it”).
צרבת השחין. כְּתַרְגּוּמוֹ רֹשֶׁם שִׁחֲנָא; — אֵינוֹ אֶלָּא רֹשֶׁם הַחִמּוּם הַנִּכָּר בַּבָּשָֹר; כָּל צָרֶבֶת לְשׁוֹן רְגִיעַת עוֹר הַנִּרְגָּע מֵחֲמַת חִמּוּם, כְּמוֹ וְנִצְרְבוּ בָהּ כָּל פָּנִים (יחזקאל כ"א), רייטרו"ר בְּלַעַז:
צרבת שחין [IT IS] A BURNING BOIL — Understand this as the Targum does: רשם שחנא — i. e. it is only a mark (a scar) of the inflammation, discernible in the flesh. Wherever צרבת occurs it denotes the contraction of skin which has become shrivelled through inflammation. Similar is, (Ezekiel 21:3) “and every face shall become shrivelled (ונצרבו)” through the heat mentioned in the verse, retrecir in old French, to contract.
צרבת. רייטרי"שמנט בְּלַעַז:
צרבת is retrecissement in old French, (English = contraction).
אוֹ בָשָׂר כִּֽי־יִהְיֶה בְעֹרוֹ מִכְוַת־אֵשׁ וְֽהָיְתָה מִֽחְיַת הַמִּכְוָה בַּהֶרֶת לְבָנָה אֲדַמְדֶּמֶת אוֹ לְבָנָֽה׃
When a person has on his skin a burn from a fire and [on] the healthy flesh of the burnt part, came a snow-white spot tinged with red or pure white spot.
When a person has on his skin a burn from a fire and [on] the healthy flesh of the burnt part, came a snow-white spot tinged with red or pure white spot.
Rashi
מחית המכוה. שנימני"ט; כְּשֶׁחָיְתָה הַמִּכְוָה הָפְכָה לְבַהֶרֶת פְּתוּכָה אוֹ לְבָנָה חֲלָקָה; וְסִימָנֵי מִכְוָה וְסִימָנֵי שְׁחִין שָׁוִים הֵם, וְלָמָּה חִלְּקָן הַכָּתוּב? לוֹמַר שֶׁאֵין מִצְטָרְפִין זֶה עִם זֶה — נוֹלַד חֲצִי גְרִיס בַּשְּׁחִין וַחֲצִי גְרִיס בַּמִּכְוָה, לֹא יִדּוֹנוּ כִגְרִיס (חולין ח'):
מחית המכוה IIEALED FLESH OF THE BURNT PART — sainement in old French The text means that when the burnt part was healed it turned into a bright spot variegated or evenly white (i.e. 'וכו והיתה denotes “and the healed flesh became a white bright spot etc.”). The symptoms of cleanness or uncleanness of a burn and the symptoms of a boil are exactly similar. Why, then, has Scripture mentioned them separately (in two paragraphs, instead of saying ואדם כי יהיה בעור בשרו שחין ומכוה )? To tell us that they cannot be combined one with the other to make up the minimum size of a spot which is a symptom of leprosy — if, e. g., there develops a leprous spot the size of a half of a גריס (a גריס is a half-bean; חצי גריס is a half of this), in a boil (שחין), and one of the size of a half גריס in a burn (מכוה), they do not come under the law of a full גריס(the minimum size for an unclean spot) (Chullin 8a).
וְרָאָה אֹתָהּ הַכֹּהֵן וְהִנֵּה נֶהְפַּךְ שֵׂעָר לָבָן בַּבַּהֶרֶת וּמַרְאֶהָ עָמֹק מִן־הָעוֹר צָרַעַת הִוא בַּמִּכְוָה פָּרָחָה וְטִמֵּא אֹתוֹ הַכֹּהֵן נֶגַע צָרַעַת הִֽוא׃
The kohein shall see it and behold! the hair has turned white in the snow-white spot and its appearance is deeper than the skin; it is tzoraas that has sprouted in the burn. The kohein shall declare him unclean, it is the skin-eruption of tzoraas.
The kohein shall see it and behold! the hair has turned white in the snow-white spot and its appearance is deeper than the skin; it is tzoraas that has sprouted in the burn. The kohein shall declare him unclean, it is the skin-eruption of tzoraas.
וְאִם ׀ יִרְאֶנָּה הַכֹּהֵן וְהִנֵּה אֵֽין־בַּבַּהֶרֶת שֵׂעָר לָבָן וּשְׁפָלָהֿ אֵינֶנָּה מִן־הָעוֹר וְהִוא כֵהָה וְהִסְגִּירוֹ הַכֹּהֵן שִׁבְעַת יָמִֽים׃
If the kohein shall see it, and behold! there is not, in the snow-white spot, any white hair and it is not lower than the skin, and it is faint. The kohein shall confine him for seven days.
If the kohein shall see it, and behold! there is not, in the snow-white spot, any white hair and it is not lower than the skin, and it is faint. The kohein shall confine him for seven days.
וְרָאָהוּ הַכֹּהֵן בַּיּוֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִי אִם־פָּשֹׂה תִפְשֶׂה בָּעוֹר וְטִמֵּא הַכֹּהֵן אֹתוֹ נֶגַע צָרַעַת הִֽוא׃
The kohein shall see him on the seventh day. If it has spread in the skin, the kohein shall declare him unclean, it is the skin-eruption of tzoraas.
The kohein shall see him on the seventh day. If it has spread in the skin, the kohein shall declare him unclean, it is the skin-eruption of tzoraas.
וְאִם־תַּחְתֶּיהָ תַעֲמֹד הַבַּהֶרֶת לֹא־פָשְׂתָה בָעוֹר וְהִוא כֵהָה שְׂאֵת הַמִּכְוָה הִוא וְטִֽהֲרוֹ הַכֹּהֵן כִּֽי־צָרֶבֶת הַמִּכְוָה הִֽוא׃ {פ}
If the snow-white spot remains in its place and it did not spread in the skin and it is faint, it is the white spot of the burn. The kohein shall declare him clean for it is [merely] the scar of the burn.
If the snow-white spot remains in its place and it did not spread in the skin and it is faint, it is the white spot of the burn. The kohein shall declare him clean for it is [merely] the scar of the burn.
וְאִישׁ אוֹ אִשָּׁה כִּֽי־יִהְיֶה בוֹ נָגַע בְּרֹאשׁ אוֹ בְזָקָֽן׃
If a man or a woman will have a skin-eruption on the head or in the beard.
If a man or a woman will have a skin-eruption on the head or in the beard.
Rashi
בראש או בזקן. בָּא הַכָּתוּב לְחַלֵּק בֵּין נֶגַע שֶׁבִּמְקוֹם שֵׂעָר לְנֶגַע שֶׁבִּמְקוֹם בָּשָׂר, שֶׁזֶּה סִימָנוֹ בְּשֵׂעָר לָבָן וְזֶה סִימָנוֹ בְּשֵׂעָר צָהֹב:
בראש או בזקן UPON THE HEAD OR UPON THE BEARD — Scripture intends to make a difference between a plague which is on a place where hair grows and a plague which is on a place where flesh is (already mentioned v. 38) — that as regards this (that on the flesh) its symptom of uncleanness consists in white hair, and as regards the other its symptom consists in gold-coloured hair (Sifra, Braita d'Rabbi Yishmael 14).
וְרָאָה הַכֹּהֵן אֶת־הַנֶּגַע וְהִנֵּה מַרְאֵהוּ עָמֹק מִן־הָעוֹר וּבוֹ שֵׂעָר צָהֹב דָּק וְטִמֵּא אֹתוֹ הַכֹּהֵן נֶתֶק הוּא צָרַעַת הָרֹאשׁ אוֹ הַזָּקָן הֽוּא׃
The kohein shall see the skin-eruption, and behold! its appearance is deeper than the skin and there is thin golden hair in it. The kohein shall pronounce it unclean, It is a nesek, it is tzoraas of the head or the beard.
The kohein shall see the skin-eruption, and behold! its appearance is deeper than the skin and there is thin golden hair in it. The kohein shall pronounce it unclean, It is a nesek, it is tzoraas of the head or the beard.
Rashi
ובו שער צהב. שֶׁנֶּהְפַּךְ שֵׂעָר שָׁחֹר שֶׁבּוֹ לְצָהֹב:
ובו שער צהוב AND THERE BE IN IT A GOLD-COLOURED HAIR — This means that the black hair that was in it has turned into gold-coloured (cf. Rashi on v. 3).
נתק הוא. כָּךְ שְׁמוֹ שֶׁל נֶגַע שֶׁבִּמְקוֹם שֵׂעָר:
נתק הוא — this (נתק) is the name of a plague which is on the spot where hair grows.
וְכִֽי־יִרְאֶה הַכֹּהֵן אֶת־נֶגַע הַנֶּתֶק וְהִנֵּה אֵין־מַרְאֵהוּ עָמֹק מִן־הָעוֹר וְשֵׂעָר שָׁחֹר אֵין בּוֹ וְהִסְגִּיר הַכֹּהֵן אֶת־נֶגַע הַנֶּתֶק שִׁבְעַת יָמִֽים׃
When the kohein will see the skin eruption of nesek—and behold! it does not appear deeper than the skin and there is no black hair in it, the kohein shall confine [the one affected by] the skin-eruption of the nesek for seven days.
When the kohein will see the skin eruption of nesek—and behold! it does not appear deeper than the skin and there is no black hair in it, the kohein shall confine [the one affected by] the skin-eruption of the nesek for seven days.
Rashi
ושער שחר אין בו. הָא אִם הָיָה בוֹ שֵׂעָר שָׁחֹר טָהוֹר וְאֵין צָרִיךְ לְהֶסְגֵּר, שֶׁהַשֵּׂעָר שָׁחֹר סִימָן טָהֳרָה הוּא בִנְתָקִים, כְּמוֹ שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (פסוק ל"ז), וְשֵׂעָר שָׁחֹר צָמַח בּוֹ וְגוֹ':
ושער שחור אין בו AND THERE IS NO BLACK HAIR IN IT [THE PRIEST SHALL SHUT HIM UP] — Consequently, if there is black hair in it, he is clean, and does not require to be shut up — for black hair is a characteristic of cleanness in cases of נתקים, as it is stated, (v. 37) “if there is black hair grown up in it … [he is clean]” (Sifra, Tazria Parashat Nega'im, Chapter 8 9).
וְרָאָה הַכֹּהֵן אֶת־הַנֶּגַע בַּיּוֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִי וְהִנֵּה לֹא־פָשָׂה הַנֶּתֶק וְלֹא־הָיָה בוֹ שֵׂעָר צָהֹב וּמַרְאֵה הַנֶּתֶק אֵין עָמֹק מִן־הָעֽוֹר׃
The kohein shall see the skin-eruption on the seventh day, and behold! the nesek did not spread and there was no golden hair in it and the appearance of the nesek is not deeper than the skin.
The kohein shall see the skin-eruption on the seventh day, and behold! the nesek did not spread and there was no golden hair in it and the appearance of the nesek is not deeper than the skin.
Rashi
והנה לא פשה וגו'. הָא אִם פָּשָׂה אוֹ הָיָה בוֹ שֵׂעָר צָהֹב טָמֵא:
'והנה לא פשה וגו AND BEHOLD IF [THE SCAB] SPREAD NOT etc. — Consequently, if it spreads or there is in it gold-coloured hair it is unclean.
וְהִתְגַּלָּח וְאֶת־הַנֶּתֶק לֹא יְגַלֵּחַ וְהִסְגִּיר הַכֹּהֵן אֶת־הַנֶּתֶק שִׁבְעַת יָמִים שֵׁנִֽית׃
He shall be shaved but he shall not shave the nesek, and the kohein shall confine the nesek for a second seven day period.
He shall be shaved but he shall not shave the nesek, and the kohein shall confine the nesek for a second seven day period.
Rashi
והתגלח. סְבִיבוֹת הַנֶּתֶק,
והתגלח AND HE SHALL CUT HIS HAIR around the scall,
ואת הנתק לא יגלח. מַנִּיחַ שְׁתֵּי שְׂעָרוֹת סָמוּךְ לוֹ סָבִיב, כְּדֵי שֶׁיְּהֵא נִכָּר אִם פָּשָׂה, שֶׁאִם יִפְשֶׂה יַעֲבֹר הַשְּׂעָרוֹת וְיֵצֵא לִמְקוֹם הַגִּלּוּחַ (נגעים פ"י, ספרא):
ואת הנתק לא יגלח BUT THE SCALL ITSELF HE SHALL NOT CUT THE HAIR OF — this means that he leaves a row of two hairs quite close to it around it in order that it may become discernible if it (the scall) spreads, for if it spreads it passes the hair and will extend to the spot where the hair has been cut off (Mishnah Negaim 10:5; Sifra, Tazria Parashat Nega'im, Chapter 9 7).
וְרָאָה הַכֹּהֵן אֶת־הַנֶּתֶק בַּיּוֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִי וְהִנֵּה לֹא־פָשָׂה הַנֶּתֶק בָּעוֹר וּמַרְאֵהוּ אֵינֶנּוּ עָמֹק מִן־הָעוֹר וְטִהַר אֹתוֹ הַכֹּהֵן וְכִבֶּס בְּגָדָיו וְטָהֵֽר׃
The kohein shall see the nesek on the seventh day and behold! if the nesek did not spread in the skin and its appearance is not deeper than the skin. The kohein shall declare him clean. He shall wash his garments and he will be clean.
The kohein shall see the nesek on the seventh day and behold! if the nesek did not spread in the skin and its appearance is not deeper than the skin. The kohein shall declare him clean. He shall wash his garments and he will be clean.
וְאִם־פָּשֹׂה יִפְשֶׂה הַנֶּתֶק בָּעוֹר אַחֲרֵי טׇהֳרָתֽוֹ׃
If the nesek spreads [extensively] in the skin after he is pronounced clean,
If the nesek spreads [extensively] in the skin after he is pronounced clean,
Rashi
אחרי טהרתו. אֵין לִי אֶלָּא פוֹשֶׂה לְאַחַר הַפְּטוֹר, מִנַּיִן אַף בְּסוֹף שָׁבוּעַ רִאשׁוֹן וּבְסוֹף שָׁבוּעַ שֵׁנִי? תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר פָּשֹׂה יִפְשֶׂה (ספרא):
אחרי טהרתו [AND IF THE SCALL SPREADS AT ALL …] AFTER HIS BEING PRONOUNCED CLEAN — I have here only the statement that he is unclean if it spreads after he has been freed from the quarantine; whence do I know that the same applies if it has spread by the end of the first week and or by the end of the second week? Because it states here: “if it spreads at all” (Sifra, Tazria Parashat Nega'im, Chapter 9 9).
וְרָאָהוּ הַכֹּהֵן וְהִנֵּה פָּשָׂה הַנֶּתֶק בָּעוֹר לֹֽא־יְבַקֵּר הַכֹּהֵן לַשֵּׂעָר הַצָּהֹב טָמֵא הֽוּא׃
the kohein shall see him and behold! the nesek has spread in the skin. The kohein shall not [even] look for golden hair, he is unclean.
the kohein shall see him and behold! the nesek has spread in the skin. The kohein shall not [even] look for golden hair, he is unclean.
וְאִם־בְּעֵינָיו עָמַד הַנֶּתֶק וְשֵׂעָר שָׁחֹר צָֽמַח־בּוֹ נִרְפָּא הַנֶּתֶק טָהוֹר הוּא וְטִהֲרוֹ הַכֹּהֵֽן׃ {ס}
If the nesek remained the same as it was and black hair grew in it, the nesek is healed, he is clean, and the kohein shall declare him clean.
If the nesek remained the same as it was and black hair grew in it, the nesek is healed, he is clean, and the kohein shall declare him clean.
Rashi
ושער שחר. מִנַּיִן אַף הַיָּרֹק וְהָאָדֹם, שֶׁאֵינוֹ צָהֹב? תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר "וְשֵׂעָר"; וּלְשׁוֹן צָהֹב דּוֹמֶה לְתַבְנִית הַזָּהָב — צָהֹב כְּמוֹ זָהֹב, אור"פלא בְּלַעַז:
ושער שחור AND [THERE BE] BLACK HAIR — Whence do I know that this applies also to yellow or reddish hair which also, like black hair here mentioned, are not gold-coloured? Because it states ושער “and hair” (whatever its colour may be) (Sifra, Tazria Parashat Nega'im, Chapter 9 14). The expression צָהוֹב denotes anything like the appearance of gold, and צהוב is equivalent to זהוב, orpàle in old French (English = pale gold).
טהור הוא וטהרו הכהן. הָא טָמֵא שֶׁטִּהֲרוֹ הַכֹּהֵן לֹא טָהוֹר:
טהור הוא וטהרו הכהן HE IS CLEAN AND THE PRIEST SHALL PRONOUNCE HIM CLEAN — Consequently a person who is really unclean whom the priest pronounces clean is not clean. [It is true that the declaration is left to the priest — as pointed out by Rashi on v. 2 — but if he erred or willfully pronounced the unclean person clean it is of no effect for Scripture states: he is clean and the priest then — and then only — shall pronounce him clean] (Sifra, Tazria Parashat Nega'im, Chapter 9 16).
וְאִישׁ אֽוֹ־אִשָּׁה כִּֽי־יִהְיֶה בְעוֹר־בְּשָׂרָם בֶּהָרֹת בֶּהָרֹת לְבָנֹֽת׃
When a man or a woman have in the skin of their flesh—white spots.
When a man or a woman have in the skin of their flesh—white spots.
Rashi
בהרת. חֲבַרְבּוּרוֹת:
בהרות are SPOTS.
וְרָאָה הַכֹּהֵן וְהִנֵּה בְעוֹר־בְּשָׂרָם בֶּהָרֹת כֵּהוֹת לְבָנֹת בֹּהַק הוּא פָּרַח בָּעוֹר טָהוֹר הֽוּא׃ {ס}
The kohein shall see, and behold! in the skin of their flesh are dim white spots, it is [merely] scurf that has sprouted in the skin; it is clean.
The kohein shall see, and behold! in the skin of their flesh are dim white spots, it is [merely] scurf that has sprouted in the skin; it is clean.
Rashi
כהות לבנת. שֶׁאֵין לֹבֶן שֶׁלָּהֶן עַז אֶלָּא כּוֹהֶה:
כהות לבנות DULL WHITE — It means that their whiteness is not intense but a dull white.
בהק. כְּמוֹ לֹבֶן הַנִּרְאֶה בִּבְשַׂר אָדָם אָדֹם, שֶׁקּוֹרִין רוש"ו, בֵּין חֲבַרְבּוּרוֹת אַדְמִימוּתוֹ, קָרוּי בֹּהַק, כְּאִישׁ עַדְשָׁן שֶׁבֵּין עֲדָשָׁה לַעֲדָשָׁה מַבְהִיק הַבָּשָֹר בְּלֹבֶן צַח:
בהק A BRIGHTNESS — just like the white which shows itself in the flesh of a ruddy man, who is termed rouge in old French, between his red spots: this is called בהק “brightness” — like a man who is covered with lentil-like spots, when between one lentil-like spot and another the flesh shows bright with a pure brightness.
וְאִישׁ כִּי יִמָּרֵט רֹאשׁוֹ קֵרֵחַ הוּא טָהוֹר הֽוּא׃
If a mans hair falls out, he is [merely] bald; he is clean.
If a mans hair falls out, he is [merely] bald; he is clean.
Rashi
קרח הוא טהור הוא. טָהוֹר מִטֻּמְאַת נְתָקִין, שֶׁאֵינוֹ נִדּוֹן בְּסִימָנֵי רֹאשׁ וְזָקָן שֶׁהֵם מְקוֹם שֵׂעָר, אֶלָּא בְסִימָנֵי נֶגַע עוֹר בָּשָׂר — (בְּשֵֹעָר לָבָן) וּמִחְיָה וּפִשְׂיוֹן (נגעים פ"י):
קרח הוא טהור הוא HE IS BALD, HE IS CLEAN — clean from the uncleanness of נתק (a scall in a hairy spot) (Sifra, Braita d'Rabbi Yishmael 15), for he is not subject to the law about the symptoms of the head or the beard, which are places where hair grows, but to that about the symptoms of a plague on the skin of the flesh — [white hair], healthy flesh or the spreading of the plague.
וְאִם מִפְּאַת פָּנָיו יִמָּרֵט רֹאשׁוֹ גִּבֵּחַ הוּא טָהוֹר הֽוּא׃
If, on the front of his head his hair falls out, he is [merely] frontally bald; he is clean.
If, on the front of his head his hair falls out, he is [merely] frontally bald; he is clean.
Rashi
ואם מפאת פניו. מִשִּׁפּוּעַ קָדְקֹד כְּלַפֵּי פָנָיו קָרוּי גַּבַּחַת — וְאַף הַצְּדָעִין שֶׁמִּכָּאן וּמִכָּאן בִּכְלָל — וּמִשִּׁפּוּעַ קָדְקֹד כְּלַפֵּי אֲחוֹרָיו קָרוּי קָרַחַת:
ואם מפאת בניו AND IF FROM THE CORNER OF HIS FACE [THERE FALLS OFF THE HAIR OF HIS HEAD] — The area from the slope of one’s skull in the direction of the face is called גבחת (and that explains why the man suffering from such a malady is here called גבח) — and the temples on both sides are also included; and the area from the slope of one’s skull in the direction of the back of his head is termed קרחת (hence the term קרח in v. 40) (Sifra, Tazria Parashat Nega'im, Chapter 10 7).
וְכִֽי־יִהְיֶה בַקָּרַחַת אוֹ בַגַּבַּחַת נֶגַע לָבָן אֲדַמְדָּם צָרַעַת פֹּרַחַת הִוא בְּקָרַחְתּוֹ אוֹ בְגַבַּחְתּֽוֹ׃
If there will be, in the baldness in back of the head or in the baldness in front of the head a white skin-eruption, tinged with red, it is tzoraas sprouting in his frontal baldness or in his posterior baldness.
If there will be, in the baldness in back of the head or in the baldness in front of the head a white skin-eruption, tinged with red, it is tzoraas sprouting in his frontal baldness or in his posterior baldness.
Rashi
נגע לבן אדמדם. פָּתוּךְ; מִנַּיִן שְׁאָר הַמַּרְאוֹת? תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר נֶגַע:
נגע לבן אדמדם A RISING OF THE SORE REDDISH-WHITE — variegated (the term לבנה אדמדמת does not signify white and red each separately, but mingled: reddish-white). Whence may we learn that the plague is unclean too if it has the other colours (not variegated, but plain white shades of white which are the distinguishing characteristics of the plagues)? Because it states here: נגע, a plague (it describes it as a ‘‘plague” and therefore all colors applicable to a “plague” apply to it also).
וְרָאָה אֹתוֹ הַכֹּהֵן וְהִנֵּה שְׂאֵת־הַנֶּגַע לְבָנָה אֲדַמְדֶּמֶת בְּקָרַחְתּוֹ אוֹ בְגַבַּחְתּוֹ כְּמַרְאֵה צָרַעַת עוֹר בָּשָֽׂר׃
The kohein shall see him, and behold! the spot of intense whiteness is tinged with red in his frontal baldness or in his posterior baldness just as the appearance tzoraas of the skin of the flesh.
The kohein shall see him, and behold! the spot of intense whiteness is tinged with red in his frontal baldness or in his posterior baldness just as the appearance tzoraas of the skin of the flesh.
Rashi
כמראה צרעת עור בשר. כְּמַרְאֵה הַצָּרַעַת הָאָמוּר בְּפָרָשַׁת "עוֹר בָּשָׂר" — אָדָם כִּי יִהְיֶה בְעוֹר בְּשָׂרוֹ, וּמָה אָמוּר בּוֹ? שֶׁמְּטַמֵּא בְאַרְבַּע מַרְאוֹת, וְנִדּוֹן בִּשְׁנֵי שָׁבוּעוֹת; וְלֹא כְמַרְאֵה צָרַעַת הָאָמוּר בִּשְׁחִין וּמִכְוָה שֶׁהוּא נִדּוֹן בְּשָׁבוּעַ אֶחָד, וְלֹא כְמַרְאֵה נְתָקִין שֶׁל מְקוֹם שֵׂעָר, שֶׁאֵין מְטַמְּאִין בְּאַרְבַּע מַרְאוֹת — שְׂאֵת וְתוֹלַדְתָּהּ, בַּהֶרֶת וְתוֹלַדְתָּהּ:
כמראה צרעת עור בשר AS THE COLOUR OF LEPROSY IN THE SKIN OF THE FLESH — it is like the colour of the leprosy which is mentioned in the section dealing with the plague on the skin of the flesh (v. 2): “When a man hath in the skin of his flesh …”.What is stated about that? That it makes one unclean by reason of four shades of white, and that it is subject to the law of quarantine during two weeks. And it is not to be treated like the colour of the leprosy mentioned in the case of the boil (v 18) or burn (v. 24) which though also unclean by reason of four shades of white are, however, subject to the law of quarantine for one week only, (i. e if at the end of the week there is neither white hair, nor has it spread the priest at once declares him clean); nor must it be treated as the colour of נתקין on a spot where hair grows — which do not make a person unclean by cause of four colours: a שאת and its subspecies, and that of a בהרת and its subspecies.
אִישׁ־צָרוּעַ הוּא טָמֵא הוּא טַמֵּא יְטַמְּאֶנּוּ הַכֹּהֵן בְּרֹאשׁוֹ נִגְעֽוֹ׃
He is a person with tzoraas, he is unclean. The kohein shall declare him unclean; his skin-eruption is on his head.
He is a person with tzoraas, he is unclean. The kohein shall declare him unclean; his skin-eruption is on his head.
Rashi
בראשו נגעו. אֵין לִי אֶלָּא נְתָקִין, מִנַּיִן לְרַבּוֹת שְׁאָר הַמְנֻגָּעִים? תַּ"ל "טַמֵּא יְטַמְּאֶנּוּ", לְרַבּוֹת אֶת כֻּלָּן — עַל כֻּלָּן הוּא אוֹמֵר בְּגָדָיו יִהְיוּ פְרֻמִים וְגוֹ':
בראשו נגעו HIS PLAGUE IS ON HIS HEAD — I have only a statement that the following laws apply to the case of נתקין, plagues on hairy places! Whence may we learn that there are included the sufferers from all other kinds of leprous plagues? Because it states מא יטמאנוט, “he shall in any case proclaim him unclean” (Sifra, Tazria Parashat Nega'im, Chapter 12 2)— thus including all of these: regarding all of these it says: “his garments shall be rent etc.”.
וְהַצָּרוּעַ אֲשֶׁר־בּוֹ הַנֶּגַע בְּגָדָיו יִהְיוּ פְרֻמִים וְרֹאשׁוֹ יִהְיֶה פָרוּעַ וְעַל־שָׂפָם יַעְטֶה וְטָמֵא ׀ טָמֵא יִקְרָֽא׃
The tzorua—[the person] who has the skin-eruption—his garments shall have a tear in them, his hair shall be grown long, and he must cover his head down to his upper lip, and Unclean, unclean, shall he call out.
The tzorua—[the person] who has the skin-eruption—his garments shall have a tear in them, his hair shall be grown long, and he must cover his head down to his upper lip, and Unclean, unclean, shall he call out.
Rashi
פרמים. קְרוּעִים:
פרומים signifies TORN.
פרוע. מְגֻדַּל שֵׂעָר:
פרוע means his head shall be over-grown with hair (Sifra, Tazria Parashat Nega'im, Chapter 13 6).
ועל שפם יעטה. כְּאָבֵל:
ועל שפם יעטה AND HE SHALL COVER HIS LIPS as one who mourns for the dead (Sifra, Tazria Parashat Nega'im, Chapter 13 7; cf. Onkelos).
שפם. שְׂעַר הַשְּׂפָתַיִם, גרנו"ן בְּלַעַז:
שפם denotes the hair on the lips; grenon in old French, (English = moustache).
וטמא טמא יקרא. מַשְׁמִיעַ שֶׁהוּא טָמֵא וְיִפְרְשׁוּ מִמֶּנּוּ (ספרא, מועד קטן ה'):
וטמא טמא יקרא AND HE SHALL CALL OUT, UNCLEAN, UNCLEAN — he must proclaim aloud that he is unclean, so that people may keep away from him (Sifra, Tazria Parashat Nega'im, Chapter 13 7; Moed Katan 5a).
כׇּל־יְמֵי אֲשֶׁר הַנֶּגַע בּוֹ יִטְמָא טָמֵא הוּא בָּדָד יֵשֵׁב מִחוּץ לַֽמַּחֲנֶה מוֹשָׁבֽוֹ׃ {ס}
All the days in which the skin-eruption is on him he shall be unclean; he is unclean. He shall dwell alone; his dwelling shall be beyond the encampment.
All the days in which the skin-eruption is on him he shall be unclean; he is unclean. He shall dwell alone; his dwelling shall be beyond the encampment.
Rashi
בדד ישב. שֶׁלֹּא יִהְיוּ טְמֵאִים יוֹשְׁבִין עִמּוֹ; וְאָמְרוּ רַבּוֹתֵינוּ מַה נִּשְׁתַּנָּה מִשְּׁאָר טְמֵאִים לֵישֵׁב בָּדָד? הוֹאִיל וְהוּא הִבְדִּיל בְּלָשׁוֹן הָרָע בֵּין אִישׁ לְאִשְׁתּוֹ וּבֵין אִישׁ לְרֵעֵהוּ, אַף הוּא יִבָּדֵל (ערכין ט"ז):
בדד ישב HE SHALL ABIDE SOLITARY — This means that people who are unclean from other causes than that of leprosy shall not abide with him (Pesachim 67a; cf. Sifra). Our Rabbis said: Why is he (the leper) treated differently from other unclean persons that he should abide solitary? They replied: Because he, by slanderous statements, (cf. Numbers 12:10) parted man and wife, or a man from his friend, he must be parted from everybody (Arakhin 16b).
מחוץ למחנה. חוּץ לְשָׁלוֹשׁ מַחֲנוֹת:
מחוץ למחנה WITHOUT THE CAMP — outside the three camps (see Rashi on Leviticus 4:12; cf. Sifra, Tazria Parashat Nega'im, Chapter 13 14 and Pesachim 67a).
וְהַבֶּגֶד כִּֽי־יִהְיֶה בוֹ נֶגַע צָרָעַת בְּבֶגֶד צֶמֶר אוֹ בְּבֶגֶד פִּשְׁתִּֽים׃
When in a garment there is a skin-eruption of tzoraas, whether a woolen garment or in a linen garment.
When in a garment there is a skin-eruption of tzoraas, whether a woolen garment or in a linen garment.
אוֹ בִֽשְׁתִי אוֹ בְעֵרֶב לַפִּשְׁתִּים וְלַצָּמֶר אוֹ בְעוֹר אוֹ בְּכׇל־מְלֶאכֶת עֽוֹר׃
Or if it is the warp [lengthwise] threads, or in the woof [widthwise] threads, in a linen garment, or a woolen garment, or on leather or in any object made of leather.
Or if it is the warp [lengthwise] threads, or in the woof [widthwise] threads, in a linen garment, or a woolen garment, or on leather or in any object made of leather.
Rashi
לפשתים ולצמר. שֶׁל פִּשְׁתִּים אוֹ שֶׁל צֶמֶר:
לפשתים ולצמר means OF FLAX OR OF WOOL.
או בעור. זֶה עוֹר שֶׁלֹא נַעֲשָׂה בוֹ מְלָאכָה:
או בעור WHETHER IN A SKIN — this is a skin which has not been manufactured (of which no article has been made).
או בכל מלאכת עור. זֶה עוֹר שֶׁנַּעֲשָׂה בוֹ מְלָאכָה:
או במלאכת עור OR IN ANYTHING MADE OF SKIN — this is a skin which has been manufactured.
וְהָיָה הַנֶּגַע יְרַקְרַק ׀ אוֹ אֲדַמְדָּם בַּבֶּגֶד אוֹ בָעוֹר אֽוֹ־בַשְּׁתִי אוֹ־בָעֵרֶב אוֹ בְכׇל־כְּלִי־עוֹר נֶגַע צָרַעַת הוּא וְהׇרְאָה אֶת־הַכֹּהֵֽן׃
If the plague is deep green or deep red, in the garment, or in the leather hide or in the warp threads, or in the woof threads, or if it is in any object made of leather; it is the eruption of tzoraas and it shall be shown to the kohein.
If the plague is deep green or deep red, in the garment, or in the leather hide or in the warp threads, or in the woof threads, or if it is in any object made of leather; it is the eruption of tzoraas and it shall be shown to the kohein.
Rashi
ירקרק. יָרֹק שֶׁבַּיְרֻקִּין:
ירקרק denotes green amongst the greens (the deepest green).
אדמדם. אָדֹם שֶׁבָּאֲדֻמִּים:
אדמדם — the deepest red (Sifra, Tazria Parashat Nega'im, Chapter 14 2).
וְרָאָה הַכֹּהֵן אֶת־הַנָּגַע וְהִסְגִּיר אֶת־הַנֶּגַע שִׁבְעַת יָמִֽים׃
The kohein shall see the plague and confine the eruption, for seven days.
The kohein shall see the plague and confine the eruption, for seven days.
וְרָאָה אֶת־הַנֶּגַע בַּיּוֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִי כִּֽי־פָשָׂה הַנֶּגַע בַּבֶּגֶד אֽוֹ־בַשְּׁתִי אֽוֹ־בָעֵרֶב אוֹ בָעוֹר לְכֹל אֲשֶׁר־יֵעָשֶׂה הָעוֹר לִמְלָאכָה צָרַעַת מַמְאֶרֶת הַנֶּגַע טָמֵא הֽוּא׃
He shall see the eruption on the seventh day. If the eruption has spread in the garment or in the warp thread, or in the woof thread, or in the leather hide, or in the work made of leather, it is a prickly tzoraas, it is unclean.
He shall see the eruption on the seventh day. If the eruption has spread in the garment or in the warp thread, or in the woof thread, or in the leather hide, or in the work made of leather, it is a prickly tzoraas, it is unclean.
Rashi
צרעת ממארת. לְשׁוֹן סִלּוֹן מַמְאִיר (יחזקאל כ"ח), פויי"נט בְּלַעַז; וּמִדְרָשׁוֹ: תֵּן בּוֹ מְאֵרָה שֶׁלֹא תֵהָנֶה הֵימֶנּוּ (ספרא):
צרעת ממארת A FRETTING LEPROSY — The word ממארת has the same meaning as. (Ezekiel 28:24) “a pricking (ממאיר) brier”; point (poignant) in old French The Midrashic explanation is: Attach a curse (מארה) to it, — that you will make no use of it (and therefore it must be burnt) (Sifra, Tazria Parashat Nega'im, Chapter 14 11).
וְשָׂרַף אֶת־הַבֶּגֶד אוֹ אֶֽת־הַשְּׁתִי ׀ אוֹ אֶת־הָעֵרֶב בַּצֶּמֶר אוֹ בַפִּשְׁתִּים אוֹ אֶת־כׇּל־כְּלִי הָעוֹר אֲשֶׁר־יִהְיֶה בוֹ הַנָּגַע כִּֽי־צָרַעַת מַמְאֶרֶת הִוא בָּאֵשׁ תִּשָּׂרֵֽף׃
He shall burn the garment, or the warp [lengthwise] threads, or the woof [widthwise] threads, be it in wool or in linen, or in all leather made objects, in which there is the eruption. For it is a prickly tzoraas. It shall be burned in fire.
He shall burn the garment, or the warp [lengthwise] threads, or the woof [widthwise] threads, be it in wool or in linen, or in all leather made objects, in which there is the eruption. For it is a prickly tzoraas. It shall be burned in fire.
Rashi
בצמר או בפשתים. שֶׁל צֶמֶר אוֹ שֶׁל פִּשְׁתִּים, זֶהוּ פְשׁוּטוֹ; וּמִדְרָשׁוֹ: יָכוֹל יָבִיא גִּזֵּי צֶמֶר וַאֲנִיצֵי פִשְׁתָּן וְיִשְׂרְפֵם עִמּוֹ? תַּ"ל "הוּא" באש תשרף — אֵינָהּ צְרִיכָה דָבָר אַחֵר עִמָּהּ, אִם כֵּן מַה תַּ"ל "בַּצֶּמֶר אוֹ בַפִּשְׁתִּים"? לְהוֹצִיא אֶת הָאֻמְרִיּוֹת שֶׁבּוֹ שֶׁהֵן מִמִּין אַחֵר; אֻמְרִיּוֹת לְשׁוֹן שָׂפָה, כְּמוֹ אִימְרָא (ספרא):
בצמר ובפשתים means OF WOOL OR OF FLAX. This is the plain meaning. And the Midrashic explanation is: One might think that he must bring fleeces of wool or stalks of flax and burn them together with it, (the garment, in order to make a flame in which to burn it; then the verse will mean: he shall burn the garment with wool etc.) Scripture, however, states, in this verse, היא באש תשרף “it (the garment) shall be burnt in fire” — no other thing being required with it. If this be so why does it state בצמר או בפשתים? To exclude from being burnt the אומריות, the hems, that are on it if these are made of a different material than wool or flax respectively. The word אומריות means a hem; it is the same as the better-known word אימרא. (The translation is therefore: he shall burn [apply fire to] the garment etc., on the woolen parts only) (Sifra, Tazria Parashat Nega'im, Chapter 15 1).
וְאִם יִרְאֶה הַכֹּהֵן וְהִנֵּה לֹא־פָשָׂה הַנֶּגַע בַּבֶּגֶד אוֹ בַשְּׁתִי אוֹ בָעֵרֶב אוֹ בְּכׇל־כְּלִי־עֽוֹר׃
If the kohein will see, and behold! the eruption did not spread in the garment, or in the warp threads, or in the woof threads, or in any leather made object.
If the kohein will see, and behold! the eruption did not spread in the garment, or in the warp threads, or in the woof threads, or in any leather made object.
וְצִוָּה הַכֹּהֵן וְכִבְּסוּ אֵת אֲשֶׁר־בּוֹ הַנָּגַע וְהִסְגִּירוֹ שִׁבְעַת־יָמִים שֵׁנִֽית׃
The kohein shall command that they shall wash the article having the eruption, and confine it for seven days, a second time.
The kohein shall command that they shall wash the article having the eruption, and confine it for seven days, a second time.
Rashi
את אשר בו הנגע. יָכוֹל מְקוֹם הַנֶּגַע בִּלְבַד, תַּ"ל "אֵת אֲשֶׁר בּוֹ הַנָּגַע", יָכוֹל כָּל הַבֶּגֶד כֻּלּוֹ טָעוּן כִּבּוּס, תַּ"ל "הַנָּגַע", הָא כֵיצַד? יְכַבֵּס מִן הַבֶּגֶד עִמּוֹ:
את אשר בו הנגע THAT WHEREIN THE PLAGUE IS — One might think that he has to wash only that spot in which is the plague and not the garment itself! It. however, states: Not, “he shall wash the plague, but “that where in the plague is”. If this be so, then one might think that the entire garment requires washing! It, however, states, (v. 55) הנגע “the plague” (after the plague has been washed), and not the garment. How shall it be done? He washes some of the garment with it (the plague) (Sifra, Tazria Parashat Nega'im, Chapter 15 5).
וְרָאָה הַכֹּהֵן אַחֲרֵי ׀ הֻכַּבֵּס אֶת־הַנֶּגַע וְהִנֵּה לֹֽא־הָפַךְ הַנֶּגַע אֶת־עֵינוֹ וְהַנֶּגַע לֹֽא־פָשָׂה טָמֵא הוּא בָּאֵשׁ תִּשְׂרְפֶנּוּ פְּחֶתֶת הִוא בְּקָרַחְתּוֹ אוֹ בְגַבַּחְתּֽוֹ׃
The kohein shall see it after the eruption was washed and behold! [even if] the eruption did not change its hue and the eruption did not spread; it is unclean, you shall burn it in fire. It is a deep mark be it in a worn [garment] or in a new [garment].
The kohein shall see it after the eruption was washed and behold! [even if] the eruption did not change its hue and the eruption did not spread; it is unclean, you shall burn it in fire. It is a deep mark be it in a worn [garment] or in a new [garment].
Rashi
אחרי הכבס. לְשׁוֹן הֵעָשׂוֹת:
הֻכַּבֵּס אחרי AFTER IT IS WASHED — The verbal form is an expression of something done (a passive infinitive).
לא הפך הנגע את עינו. לֹא הָכְהָה מִמַּרְאִיתוֹ:
לא הפך הנגע את עינו THE PLAGUE HATH NOT CHANGED ITS COLOR — i. e. it has not become paler than its former colour.
והנגע לא פשה. שָׁמַעְנוּ שֶׁאִם לֹא הָפַךְ וְלֹא פָשָׂה טָמֵא — וְאֵין צָרִיךְ לוֹמַר לֹא הָפַךְ וּפָשָׂה — הָפַךְ וְלֹא פָשָׂה אֵינִי יוֹדֵעַ מַה יֵּעָשֶׂה לוֹ, תַּ"ל "וְהִסְגִּיר אֶת הַנֶּגַע" — מִכָּל מָקוֹם, דִּבְרֵי רַ' יְהוּדָה, וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים וְכוּ', כִּדְאִיתָא בְת"כֹּ, וּרְמַזְתִּיהָ כָּאן לְיַשֵּׁב הַמִּקְרָא עַל אָפְנָיו:
והנגע לא פשה AND THE PLAGUE HATH NOT SPREAD — We understand from this that if it has not changed its color and has not spread it is unclean, (although the fact that it has not spread might lead us to suppose that it is clean;here, however, the color has not changed, and so it is unclean). It is, of course, not necessary to state that it is unclean if the colour has not changed but the plague has spread (for the spreading is an additional reason for declaring it unclean). If, however, it has changed its colour, but it has not spread, I would not know what one should do with it. Therefore it states, (v. 50) “And he shall shut up the plague” for a period and examine it again — shut it up whatever the circumstances of doubt may be. This is the opinion of Rabbi Jehuda. But other Sages say that in this case it is undoubtedly unclean as is stated in Torath Cohanim (Sifra, Tazria Parashat Nega'im, Chapter 15 7): and I make mention of this here (instead of doing so on v. 50), in order to explain that verse in its connection with this text.
פחתת הוא. לְשׁוֹן גֻּמָּא, כְּמוֹ בְּאַחַת הַפְּחָתִים (שמואל ב י"ז), כְּלוֹמַר שְׁפֵלָה הִיא — נֶגַע שֶׁמַּרְאָיו שׁוֹקְעִין (ספרא):
פחתת היא — This is an expression denoting a pit (anything cut out) as in, (II Samuel 17:9) “in one of the pits (פחתים)”. It is as much as to say, it is low-lying — a plague the colour of which is sunk deep (Sifra, Tazria Parashat Nega'im, Chapter 15 8).
בקרחתו או בגבחתו. כְּתַרְגּוּמוֹ בִּשְׁחִיקוּתֵהּ אוֹ בְחַדָּתוּתֵהּ:
בגבחתו או בקרחתו — Understand this as the Targum does: in its old state (lit., rubbed condition) or in its new state.
קרחתו. שְׁחָקִים, יְשָׁנִים; וּמִפְּנֵי הַמִּדְרָשׁ שֶׁהֻצְרַךְ לִגְזֵרָה שָׁוָה — מִנַּיִן לִפְרִיחָה בַבְּגָדִים שֶׁהִיא טְהוֹרָה? נֶאֶמְרָה קָרַחַת וְגַבַּחַת בָּאָדָם, וְנֶאֶמְרָה קָרַחַת וְגַבַּחַת בַּבְּגָדִים, מַה לְּהַלָּן פָּרַח בְּכֻלּוֹ טָהוֹר אַף כָּאן פָּרַח בְּכֻלּוֹ טָהוֹר — לְכָךְ אָחַז הַכָּתוּב לְשׁוֹן קָרַחַת וְגַבַּחַת; וּלְעִנְיַן פֵּרוּשׁוֹ וְתַרְגּוּמוֹ זֶהוּ מַשְׁמָעוֹ: קָרַחַת לְשׁוֹן יְשָׁנִים וְגַבַּחַת לְשׁוֹן חֲדָשִׁים — כְּאִלּוּ נִכְתַּב בְּאַחֲרִיתוֹ אוֹ בְקַדְמוּתוֹ — שֶׁהַקָּרַחַת לְשׁוֹן אֲחוֹרַיִם וְגַּבַּחַת לְשׁוֹן פָּנִים, כְּמוֹ שֶׁכָּתוּב וְאִם מִפְּאַת פָּנָיו וְגוֹ', וְהַקָּרַחַת כָּל שֶׁשּׁוֹפֵעַ וְיוֹרֵד מִן הַקָּדְקֹד וּלְאַחֲרָיו, כָּךְ מְפֹרָשׁ בְּתֹ"כֹּ:
קרחתו is therefore שחקים (clothes rubbed by wear), old (and consequently ,שחיקותיה is a proper contrast to חדתותיה in the Targum). These words, קרחת and גבחת, although not properly applicable to garments are used here to afford an opportunity for an Halachic derivation, for which there is required an argument deduced from the similarity of phrases: Whence do we know in regard to a plague spreading over the entire surface in the case of garments that it is c1ean? Because the, terms קרחת and גבחת are used in the case of a human being and the terms קרחת and גבחת are used in the case of garments. How is it in the former case? If it has spread over all his body, he is clean (v.13)! So here, also, if it has spread over all the garment it is clean (Niddah 19a). For this reason Scripture here purposely avails itself of the expressions קרחת and גבחת, to make the גז"ש possible. And in regard to its interpretation and its translation in the Targum the following is what it implies: קרחת is an expression denoting “old”, and גבחת is an expression denoting “new” (Sifra, Tazria Parashat Nega'im, Chapter 15 9); and the meaning is just the same as though it were written באחריתו או בקדמותו. at its end or at its beginning, — for קרחת has the meaning of the back- parts (i. e. the end), since גבחת has the meaning of face (front-side, i. e. beginning), as it is written, (v. 41) “And if from the corner towards his face [the hair of his head be fallen] … he is a גבח” — so that קרחת must be all that part which slopes downwards on the skull towards the back. Thus is it explained in Torath Cohanim (Sifra, Tazria Parashat Nega'im, Chapter 10 7).
וְאִם רָאָה הַכֹּהֵן וְהִנֵּה כֵּהָה הַנֶּגַע אַחֲרֵי הֻכַּבֵּס אֹתוֹ וְקָרַע אֹתוֹ מִן־הַבֶּגֶד אוֹ מִן־הָעוֹר אוֹ מִן־הַשְּׁתִי אוֹ מִן־הָעֵֽרֶב׃
If the kohein saw and behold! the eruption grew faint after it was washed; he shall tear it from the garment, or from the leather, or from the warp threads or from the woof threads.
If the kohein saw and behold! the eruption grew faint after it was washed; he shall tear it from the garment, or from the leather, or from the warp threads or from the woof threads.
Rashi
וקרע אתו. יִקְרַע מְקוֹם הַנֶּגַע מִן הַבֶּגֶד וְיִשְׂרְפֶנּוּ:
וקרע אתו THEN SHALL HE REND IT OUT — i. e. he shall tear out the plague-spot from the garment and burn it (just as he is commanded in the case mentioned in the next verse) (cf. Sifra, Tazria Parashat Nega'im, Chapter 16 2).
וְאִם־תֵּרָאֶה עוֹד בַּבֶּגֶד אֽוֹ־בַשְּׁתִי אֽוֹ־בָעֵרֶב אוֹ בְכׇל־כְּלִי־עוֹר פֹּרַחַת הִוא בָּאֵשׁ תִּשְׂרְפֶנּוּ אֵת אֲשֶׁר־בּוֹ הַנָּֽגַע׃
If it will appear again, in the garment or in the warp [lengthwise] threads, or in the woof [widthwise] threads, or in any leather-made object, it is a recurrent outbreak of tzoraas. You shall burn the article having the eruption in fire.
If it will appear again, in the garment or in the warp [lengthwise] threads, or in the woof [widthwise] threads, or in any leather-made object, it is a recurrent outbreak of tzoraas. You shall burn the article having the eruption in fire.
Rashi
פרחת הוא. דָּבָר הַחוֹזֵר וְצוֹמֵחַ:
פרחת היא IT IS A SPREADING PLAGUE — it is a thing which breaks out again and again.
באש תשרפנו. אֶת כָּל הַבֶּגֶד:
באש תשרפנו THOU SHALT BURN IT IN FIRE — “it” — the entire garment (in contradistinction to v. 56).
וְהַבֶּגֶד אֽוֹ־הַשְּׁתִי אוֹ־הָעֵרֶב אֽוֹ־כׇל־כְּלִי הָעוֹר אֲשֶׁר תְּכַבֵּס וְסָר מֵהֶם הַנָּגַע וְכֻבַּס שֵׁנִית וְטָהֵֽר׃
The garment, or the warp threads, or the woof threads, or any leather objects that were washed and the eruption disappears from them, it shall be washed a second time and it shall be purified.
The garment, or the warp threads, or the woof threads, or any leather objects that were washed and the eruption disappears from them, it shall be washed a second time and it shall be purified.
Rashi
וסר מהם הנגע. אִם כְּשֶׁכִּבְּסוּהוּ בַתְּחִלָּה עַל פִּי כֹהֵן סָר מִמֶּנּוּ הַנֶּגַע לְגַמְרֵי.
וסר מהם הנגע IF THE PLAGUE BE DEPARTED FROM THEM — if when they washed it at first by the order of the priest (Leviticus 13:54), the plague departed from it entirely (cf. Sifra, Tazria Parashat Nega'im, Chapter 16 10),
וכבס שנית. לְשׁוֹן טְבִילָה; תַּרְגּוּם שֶׁל כִּבּוּסִין שֶׁבְּפָרָשָׁה זוֹ לְשׁוֹן לִבּוּן, "וְיִתְחַוַּר", חוּץ מִזֶּה, שֶׁאֵינוֹ לְלִבּוּן אֶלָּא לִטְבֹּל, לְכָךְ תַּרְגּוּמוֹ "וְיִצְטַבַּע", וְכֵן כָּל כִּבּוּסֵי בְגָדִים שֶׁהֵן לִטְבִילָה מְתֻרְגָּמִין וְיִצְטַבַּע:
וכבס שנית IT SHALL BE WASHED A SECOND TIME — here this expression denotes immersion in a ritual bath (not washing of the garment). The words used in the translation of the Targum for the expressions derived from the root כבס occurring in this section denote making white (cleaning, — e. g. ויתחור), “and it shall be made white” — except for this (וְכֻבַּס) which is not intended to mean making white but to mean immersion. For this reason it is translated in the Targum by ויצטבע — “it shall be dipped”. Similarly wherever it speaks of כבוס בגדים which intend “immersion” the Targum translation is ויצטבע, (this is the Targum of וְכֻבַּס here and in Leviticus 15:17; the active וְכִבֶּס, is, of course, translated by ויצבע).
זֹאת תּוֹרַת נֶֽגַע־צָרַעַת בֶּגֶד הַצֶּמֶר ׀ אוֹ הַפִּשְׁתִּים אוֹ הַשְּׁתִי אוֹ הָעֵרֶב אוֹ כׇּל־כְּלִי־עוֹר לְטַהֲרוֹ אוֹ לְטַמְּאֽוֹ׃ {פ}
This is the law of the eruption of tzoraas be it in a woolen garment, or a linen garment, or in the warp [lengthwise] thread, or in the woof [widthwise] thread, or in any leather-made object, that it be pronounced pure, or that it be pronounced impure.
This is the law of the eruption of tzoraas be it in a woolen garment, or a linen garment, or in the warp [lengthwise] thread, or in the woof [widthwise] thread, or in any leather-made object, that it be pronounced pure, or that it be pronounced impure.
אשה כי תזריע. אָ"רַ שִׂמְלַאי: כְּשֵׁם שֶׁיְּצִירָתוֹ שֶׁל אָדָם אַחַר כָּל בְּהֵמָה חַיָּה וָעוֹף בְּמַעֲשֵׂה בְרֵאשִׁית, כָּךְ תּוֹרָתוֹ נִתְפָּרְשָׁה אַחַר תּוֹרַת בְּהֵמָה חַיָּה וָעוֹף (ויקרא רבה יד):
אשה כי תזריע IF A WOMAN HAVE CONCEIVED SEED — R. Simlai said: Even as the formation of man took place after that of every cattle, beast and fowl when the world was created, so, too, the law regarding him is set forth after the law regarding cattle, beast and fowl (contained in the previous chapter) (Leviticus Rabbah 14:1).