Tanach
Yehoshua 5:13-6:1 יהושע ה׳:י״ג-ו׳:א׳
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וַיְהִי בִּֽהְיוֹת יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בִּֽירִיחוֹ וַיִּשָּׂא עֵינָיו וַיַּרְא וְהִנֵּה־אִישׁ עֹמֵד לְנֶגְדּוֹ וְחַרְבּוֹ שְׁלוּפָה בְּיָדוֹ וַיֵּלֶךְ יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אֵלָיו וַיֹּאמֶר לוֹ הֲלָנוּ אַתָּה אִם־לְצָרֵֽינוּ׃
And it came to pass, when Yehoshua was by Yeriĥo, that he lifted up his eyes and looked, and, behold, a man stood over against him with his sword drawn in his hand: and Yehoshua went over to him, and said to him, Art thou for us, or for our adversaries?
And it came to pass, when Yehoshua was by Yeriĥo, that he lifted up his eyes and looked, and, behold, a man stood over against him with his sword drawn in his hand: and Yehoshua went over to him, and said to him, Art thou for us, or for our adversaries?
Rashi
הלנו אתה. הלמסעדנא אתיתא:
Are you with us? Have you come to support us?
וַיֹּאמֶר ׀ לֹא כִּי אֲנִי שַׂר־צְבָֽא־יְהֹוָה עַתָּה בָאתִי וַיִּפֹּל יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אֶל־פָּנָיו אַרְצָה וַיִּשְׁתָּחוּ וַיֹּאמֶר לוֹ מָה אֲדֹנִי מְדַבֵּר אֶל־עַבְדּֽוֹ׃
And he said, No: but I am captain of the host of the Lord, I am now come. And Yehoshua fell on his face to the earth, and bowed down, and said to him, What says my lord to his servant?
And he said, No: but I am captain of the host of the Lord, I am now come. And Yehoshua fell on his face to the earth, and bowed down, and said to him, What says my lord to his servant?
Rashi
עתה באתי. לעזרתך, שאין אדם יכול להלחם עליה ולתופשה להפיל החומה, אבל בימי משה רבך באתי ולא חפץ בי, שנאמר (שמות לג טו): אם אין פניך הולכים וגו':
I have now come.—“to help you, for it is impossible for man to battle against it [Yericho] and capture it, to knock down the wall. However in the days of your master, Moshe, I came, but he did not want my presence, as it is said, ‘If your Presence [Adonoy] does not go, etc.’”15Shemos 33:15.
וַיֹּאמֶר שַׂר־צְבָא יְהֹוָה אֶל־יְהוֹשֻׁעַ שַׁל־נַֽעַלְךָ מֵעַל רַגְלֶךָ כִּי הַמָּקוֹם אֲשֶׁר אַתָּה עֹמֵד עָלָיו קֹדֶשׁ הוּא וַיַּעַשׂ יְהוֹשֻׁעַ כֵּֽן׃
And the captain of the Lord’s host said to Yehoshua, Put off thy shoe from off thy foot; for the place on which thou standest is holy. And Yehoshua did so.
And the captain of the Lord’s host said to Yehoshua, Put off thy shoe from off thy foot; for the place on which thou standest is holy. And Yehoshua did so.
Rashi
שר צבא ה'. ישראל שהוא צבא לה', ומיכאל היה, שנאמר (דניאל י כא): מיכאל שרכם:
The officer of Adonoy’s host. This refers to Bnei Yisroel, who are Adonoy’s host. The officer mentioned here is the Angel, Michoeil, as it is said, ‘Michoeil, your officer.’16Daniel 10:21.
וִֽירִיחוֹ סֹגֶרֶת וּמְסֻגֶּרֶת מִפְּנֵי בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל אֵין יוֹצֵא וְאֵין בָּֽא׃ {ס}
Now Yeriĥo was closely shut up because of the children of Yisra᾽el: none went out, and none came in.
Now Yeriĥo was closely shut up because of the children of Yisra᾽el: none went out, and none came in.
Rashi
סגרת ומסגרת. כתרגומו: אחידא בדשין דפרזלא, ומתקפא בעברין דנחש:
Shut and barred. [Lit. closed and closed] Targum translates: ‘Closed with iron gates and reinforced with bars of copper.’
בהיות יהושע ביריחו. מכאן לעיבורה של עיר שהיא מן העיר, שאי אפשר לומר בתוך יריחו:
When Yehoshua was in Yericho. From here we can learn that the outskirts of a city are considered part of the city itself, for it impossible to say that Yoshua was actually inside Yericho.14Since the Bnei Yisroel had not yet captured Yericho, he could not have been in the city itself.