Yerushalmi Avodah Zarah 2:4 ירושלמי עבודה זרה ב׳:ד׳

MISHNAH: Gentiles’ wine skins and jugs²²⁶Which were not thoroughly cleansed to remove all traces of use for Gentile wine. containing an Israel’s wine are forbidden and their prohibition is one of usufruct, the words of Rebbi Meïr; but the Sages say that their prohibition is not one of usufruct²²⁷The wine may be used for trade; it is forbidden for Jews to drink..

HALAKHAH: “Gentiles’ wine skins and jugs,” etc. ²²⁸Tosephta 4:10; Babli 33a.“Rough Gentile wine skins²²⁹The interior surface is leather only; it was not smoothened by tar. are permitted; tarred ones are forbidden. If a Gentile made it and insulated²³⁰It is difficult to see how the scribe could have written דובבן for זופתן “tarred them” in the other sources; it may be better to accept the word as it stands and read it as ذبّب “to protect, defend something”, to protect the skin against being penetrated by the wine. it while a Jew was watching, one may fill it with wine without worry.” Should one not be afraid that possibly he made a libation? He will not usually make a libation in repugnant circumstances²³¹Even if the pitch is diluted with vinegar when applied to the skin, the bad smell does not invite making a libation. One assumes that the Jew has provided the vinegar which was made from kosher wine.. Then even if no Jew was watching? I say, maybe he switched²³²Then one has no control over the vinegar which was used..

²²⁸Tosephta 4:10; Babli 33a.“Gentile jugs, new ones are permitted even tarred; old are forbidden even if not tarred.” Here you say tarred are permitted and there you say tarred are prohibited. Rebbi Abbahu said, I investigated tarring of jugs; they do not use vinegar while tarring²³³There is no reason to forbid new jugs..

Rebbi Jacob bar Aḥa in the name of the rabbis: If somebody puts wine which was forbidden to drink but permitted to use into jugs, the jugs become like the wine²³⁴It cannot be exactly like the wine since one cannot drink the solid jug. But it means that the jug is permitted for usufruct but will make any wine which touches its inside forbidden to drink.. If he removed it and put new wine²³⁵Kosher wine. into them, the wine becomes like the jugs²³⁶Forbidden to drink but permitted for usufruct.. If he removed it and put new wine²³⁵Kosher wine. into them, the wine is forbidden but the jugs permitted²³⁷The first wine was forbidden. If the jug was filled twice with kosher wine, it has been cleansed from the first contamination; the third time the kosher wine remains kosher.. Why “forbidden to drink but permitted to use”? Because of Rebbi Meïr who said, forbidden to drink and for use²³⁸He will reject this way of cleansing the jug..

Rebbi Abba said, when Rebbi Aqiba went to the tar workers, they came and asked him, how does one purify Gentiles’ jugs? From the following I taught them, since they are permitted if not tarred, if they were tarred but the pitch was shaved off not so much more? But when I came to my colleagues they told me that they are absorbing because of the pitch²³⁹They hold that wine absorbed in earthenware which had been tarred will not be removed even if the tar was removed and the vessel cleansed with water for three days as explained at the end of the Halakhah..

^228,Tosephta 4:10; Babli 33a.²⁴⁰A very different version in the Babli, 33a, bottom.“If the Gentile filled it with water, the Jew fills it with water; then he fills it with wine without worry. It the Gentile filled it with fish fluid²⁴¹צִיר is any fluid obtained by squeezing something, whether fruit, meat, or in this case fish. Muries is a sauce in which pieces of fish are preserved. or fish sauce²⁰⁶Latin muries; this also might have been made with wine, even though using only salt and water is cheaper. the Jew may fill it with wine²⁴²The smell of the fish will obliterate any taste that might have remained of the Gentile’s wine.. If the Gentile filled it with wine, the Jew fills it with fish fluid or fish sauce, then he fills it with wine without worry.”

Rebbi Joḥanan went to meet²⁴³Greek ἀπαντάω “to meet” with Atamaic prefix ל. Rebbi Yudan the Prince at Acco. They came and asked him, how does one purify jugs? He said, from the following I taught them, since after the Gentile filled it with fish fluid or fish sauce the Jew fills it with wine²⁴⁴This is the quote from the previous Tosephta. Of R. Joḥanan’s argument there exist two versions, one by R. Yasa (reported in the Babli 33b), the other by R. Ḥiyya bar Abba.. Rebbi Yasa in the name of Rebbi Joḥanan, if he puts them into the fire not so much more? Rebbi Ḥiyya in the name of Rebbi Joḥanan, if he strips off the tarring²⁴⁵By burning of the tar. not so much more? Do they stand this? If they stand it, they stand²⁴⁶Both R. Yasa and R. Ḥiyya require that the earthenware jug be treated with fire; either fired in its entirety or fire applied to the tar lining. It is agreed that there is a risk that the vessel will burst in the fire, but if it withstands the process it may be used to store Jewish wine..

Untarred jugs²⁴⁷Which had been used by Gentiles., Rebbi Assi¹⁹⁰This is the Babli’s name of R. Yasa who later is quoted with his Galilean name. Note also in the first part Babylonian הנאה for Galilean הנייה. said, they are forbidden²⁴⁸They cannot be cleansed to become usable., Rebbi Immi said, they are permitted. Rebbi Jacob bar Aḥa said, Rebbi Assi questioned: do we say that a tankard does not absorb²⁴⁹Both R. Assi and Rav Sheshet question the position of R. Immi.? Rebbi Abba said, Rav Sheshet asked, could we say that a vessel for urine does not absorb?

Rebbi Jacob bar Aḥa, Rebbi Simeon bar Abba in the name of Rebbi Ḥanina: One fills Gentiles’ jugs with water three days from time to time²⁵⁰One fills the vessel with water, lets it stand for 24 hours, pours the old water out and refills with new, and repeats twice.. Rebbi Jacob bar Aḥa said, Rebbi Assi¹⁹⁰This is the Babli’s name of R. Yasa who later is quoted with his Galilean name. Note also in the first part Babylonian הנאה for Galilean הנייה. asked, does one do this? Rebbi Yose from Malḥa brought a case before Rebbi Mana. He told him, that is what happened; he answered that it is permitted. Is that to start? He told him, it is forbidden²⁵¹The method is a short-cut which cannot be used generally; if people used it without asking one cannot prohibit the vessels cleansed in this way.. Rebbi Jeremiah went to Goblana; he instructed about large cups²⁵²Latin patera“flat dish or saucer; libation bowl” or Greek ποτήριον (cup, receptacle for offerings in temples; cup in the Eucharist) (Kohut). that one fills them with water three days from time to time²⁵³He sees nothing wrong with the method and recommends it publicly. He is quoted in the Babli, 33a, in the same sense and ascribes the ruling to R. Immi..

An Aramean’s²⁵⁴A Non-Jew, not necessarily a pagan; cf. Chapter 1, Note 177. leather bag split; the Jew received it into his²⁵⁵The Aramean’s wine-skin started leaking; a Jew saved his wine by receiving it into his own wine-skin. The Gentile’s wine certainly is forbidden to the Jew; the question is how the Jew can regain the use of his skin after the wine was transferred to the Gentile’s vessel, without ruining the vessel by using it for fish sauce.. The case came before the rabbis who said, one fills them with water three days from time to time²⁵⁶Following R. Jeremiah, against R. Yasa (Assi)..

Rebbi Yasa²⁵⁷In the entire Halakhah he opposes cleansing Gentile wine vessels for use by Jews. went to Tyre. He saw them²⁵⁸Gentile workers. tarring small leather bags and Jews bought them. He asked, who permitted you? They asked Rebbi Isaac and Rebbi Mani²⁵⁹The earlier authorities all forbid refurbishing wine skins and jugs; the later generations do permit it., who prohibited it.