Tanach
Zecharyah 12 זכריה י״ב
Part of: Petuchah, Zechariah 12:1
Reading: Hebrew · Simple EnglishHebrew · Faithful translationHebrew onlyHebrew · Simple EnglishHebrew · Faithful translationHebrew onlySimple English onlyFaithful translation onlySide by sideRashi
מַשָּׂא דְבַר־יְהֹוָה עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵל נְאֻם־יְהֹוָה נֹטֶה שָׁמַיִם וְיֹסֵד אָרֶץ וְיֹצֵר רֽוּחַ־אָדָם בְּקִרְבּֽוֹ׃
The burden of the word of the Lord concerning Yisra᾽el. The saying of the Lord, who stretches out the heavens, and lays the foundation of the earth, and forms the spirit of man within him;
The burden of the word of the Lord concerning Yisra᾽el. The saying of the Lord, who stretches out the heavens, and lays the foundation of the earth, and forms the spirit of man within him;
Rashi
הִנֵּה אָנֹכִי שָׂם אֶת־יְרוּשָׁלַ͏ִם סַף־רַעַל לְכׇל־הָעַמִּים סָבִיב וְגַם עַל־יְהוּדָה יִהְיֶה בַמָּצוֹר עַל־יְרוּשָׁלָֽ͏ִם׃
Behold, I will make Yerushalayim a cup of staggering to all the peoples round about, and it shall also be for Yehuda during the siege against Yerushalayim.
Behold, I will make Yerushalayim a cup of staggering to all the peoples round about, and it shall also be for Yehuda during the siege against Yerushalayim.
Rashi
סף רעל. כלי תרעלה כמו בדם אשר בסף (שמות י״ב:כ״ב). רעל ל' שממון אוטם הלב והאברים שאין להם כח כאדם המעוטף בשמלה כמו (נחום ב׳:ד׳) הברושים הרעלו (ישעיה ו) השרות והרעלות, בלשון משנה מצינו מדיות רעולות אונבלופמנט"א בלע"ז:
a cup of weakness a vessel of weakness, as in (Exod. 12:22), “in the blood that is in the cup.” weakness an expression of bewilderment, [it means] the clogging of the heart and the limbs, for, like man enwrapped in a garment, they have no strength, as in (Nahum 2:4), “And the cypress trees were enwrapped” ; and (Isa. 3:19) “And the bracelets and the veils.” In the language of the Mishnah (Shabbath 6:6) we find, “Arabian women may go out veiled.” It is involopiment in O.F.
וגם על יהודה. יטילו העכו"ם אשר יהיו במצור על ירושלים שיהיו בית דוד מבפנים ועכו"ם יצורו עליהם ויבאו גם בני יהוד' על כרחם לצור על ירושלי' כן ת"י:
and also on Judah the nations that will be in siege against Jerusalem will impose upon Judah, for the house of David will be inside and the gentiles will besiege them. And also, the children of Judah will come, against their will, to besiege Jerusalem. So did Jonathan render it.
וְהָיָה בַיּוֹם־הַהוּא אָשִׂים אֶת־יְרוּשָׁלַ͏ִם אֶבֶן מַֽעֲמָסָה לְכׇל־הָעַמִּים כׇּל־עֹמְסֶיהָ שָׂרוֹט יִשָּׂרֵטוּ וְנֶאֶסְפוּ עָלֶיהָ כֹּל גּוֹיֵי הָאָֽרֶץ׃
And on that day I will make Yerushalayim a burdensome stone for all the peoples: all that burden themselves with it shall be grievously hurt: and all the peoples of the earth shall be gathered together against it.
And on that day I will make Yerushalayim a burdensome stone for all the peoples: all that burden themselves with it shall be grievously hurt: and all the peoples of the earth shall be gathered together against it.
Rashi
אבן מעמסה. אבן משאוי המוטלת על בני אדם מפי המושל לשאתה ולעמס' על כתפים והיא כבידה מאד עד אשר כל עומסיה שרוט ישרטו:
a stone of burden A stone of burden placed upon men by order of the ruler, to carry it and to load it on their shoulders. It is very heavy, to the extent that all who bear it become gashed.
בַּיּוֹם הַהוּא נְאֻם־יְהֹוָה אַכֶּה כׇל־סוּס בַּתִּמָּהוֹן וְרֹכְבוֹ בַּשִּׁגָּעוֹן וְעַל־בֵּית יְהוּדָה אֶפְקַח אֶת־עֵינַי וְכֹל סוּס הָעַמִּים אַכֶּה בַּעִוָּרֽוֹן׃
On that day, says the Lord, I will smite every horse with astonishment, and his rider with madness: and I will open my eyes upon the house of Yehuda, and will smite every horse of the nations with blindness.
On that day, says the Lord, I will smite every horse with astonishment, and his rider with madness: and I will open my eyes upon the house of Yehuda, and will smite every horse of the nations with blindness.
Rashi
אכה כל סוס. הצובאים שם בשגעון ואת רוכביהם בעורון אבל על בית יהודה שהם על כרחם מן הצובאים אפקח עיני להגין עליהם מן המכה הזאת:
I will smite every horse of those gathered there with bewilderment and blindness, and their riders with madness (Shem Ephraim). But upon the [members of the] house of Judah, who are among those gathered against their will, I will open My eyes to protect them from this plague.
וְאָמְרוּ אַלֻּפֵי יְהוּדָה בְּלִבָּם אַמְצָה לִי יֹשְׁבֵי יְרוּשָׁלַ͏ִם בַּיהֹוָה צְבָאוֹת אֱלֹהֵיהֶֽם׃
And the governors of Yehuda shall say in their heart, The inhabitants of Yerushalayim are my strength through the Lord of hosts their God.
And the governors of Yehuda shall say in their heart, The inhabitants of Yerushalayim are my strength through the Lord of hosts their God.
Rashi
ואמרו אלפי יהודה בלבם. כשיראו שאר הצובאים נגפים במגפה זו והם ניצולים:
And the princes of Judah shall say to themselves when they see that the others who were gathered are plagued with this plague, and they are saved.
אמצה לי יושב ירושלם וגו'. יושבי ירושלים שיודעים שעל כרחנו אנו באים עליהם אמצו לעזרתי בתפילתן בה' אלהיהם:
The inhabitants of Jerusalem were my strength, etc. The inhabitants of Jerusalem, who know that we came upon them against our will, strengthened my help with their prayer by the Lord, their God.
בַּיּוֹם הַהוּא אָשִׂים אֶת־אַלֻּפֵי יְהוּדָה כְּֽכִיּוֹר אֵשׁ בְּעֵצִים וּכְלַפִּיד אֵשׁ בְּעָמִיר וְאָכְלוּ עַל־יָמִין וְעַל־שְׂמֹאול אֶת־כׇּל־הָעַמִּים סָבִיב וְיָשְׁבָה יְרוּשָׁלַ͏ִם עוֹד תַּחְתֶּיהָ בִּירוּשָׁלָֽ͏ִם׃
On that day I will make the chiefs of Yehuda like a hearth of fire among trees, and like a torch of fire in a sheaf; and they shall devour all the peoples round about, on the right hand and on the left: and Yerushalayim shall be inhabited again in her own place, even in Yerushalayim.
On that day I will make the chiefs of Yehuda like a hearth of fire among trees, and like a torch of fire in a sheaf; and they shall devour all the peoples round about, on the right hand and on the left: and Yerushalayim shall be inhabited again in her own place, even in Yerushalayim.
Rashi
אשים את אלפי יהודה. ישובו וילחמו עם אותם שהביאום שם:
I will make the princes of Judah They will return and wage war with those who brought them there.
ככיור אש. כמדורות אש גדולה וכיור לשון כירה וכך חברו מנחם:
as a fiery stove Like a great bonfire. The word כִּיוֹר is an expression of כִּירָה, a stove. So did Menahem (Machbereth, p. 109) classify it.
תחתיה. במקומה:
in its place lit. under it.
וְהוֹשִׁעַ יְהֹוָה אֶת־אׇהֳלֵי יְהוּדָה בָּרִֽאשֹׁנָה לְמַעַן לֹֽא־תִגְדַּל תִּפְאֶרֶת בֵּית־דָּוִיד וְתִפְאֶרֶת יֹשֵׁב יְרוּשָׁלַ͏ִם עַל־יְהוּדָֽה׃
And the Lord shall save the tents of Yehuda first, that the glory of the house of David and the glory of the inhabitants of Yerushalayim do not magnify themselves against Yehuda.
And the Lord shall save the tents of Yehuda first, that the glory of the house of David and the glory of the inhabitants of Yerushalayim do not magnify themselves against Yehuda.
Rashi
והושיע ה' את אהלי יהודה בראשונה. בטרם יבואו בני ירושלים לצאת מן העיר תהיה להם תשועה לשוב אל אהליהם ואל ביתם ואח"כ תבא תשועה לבני העיר היא התשועה שנאמר בה ויצא ה' ונלחם (לקמן יד):
And the Lord shall first save the tents of Judah Before the inhabitants of Jerusalem come out of the city, they shall have a salvation - to return to their tents and to their homes - and afterwards the salvation shall come to the inhabitants of the city. That is the salvation concerning which it is stated (14:3): “And the Lord shall go forth and wage war.”
למען לא תגדל. להתפאר עליהם ולומר לא נצלתם אלא בשבילנו:
so that the boasting of, etc., shall not increase to boast over them and to say, “You were saved only because of us.”
בַּיּוֹם הַהוּא יָגֵן יְהֹוָה בְּעַד יוֹשֵׁב יְרוּשָׁלַ͏ִם וְהָיָה הַנִּכְשָׁל בָּהֶם בַּיּוֹם הַהוּא כְּדָוִיד וּבֵית דָּוִיד כֵּֽאלֹהִים כְּמַלְאַךְ יְהֹוָה לִפְנֵיהֶֽם׃
On that day shall the Lord defend the inhabitants of Yerushalayim; and he that stumbles among them at that day shall be like David; and the house of David shall be like a divine being, like the angel of the Lord before them.
On that day shall the Lord defend the inhabitants of Yerushalayim; and he that stumbles among them at that day shall be like David; and the house of David shall be like a divine being, like the angel of the Lord before them.
Rashi
הנכשל בהם. החלש שבהם:
and the weakest among them Heb. הַנִּכְשָׁל
כאלהים. כרברבין כמלאכים:
like angels Jonathan renders: like great ones, like angels.
כמלאך ה' לפניהם. יצלחון כמלאכא דה' קדמיהון:
like the angel of the Lord before them They will prosper like the angel of the Lord before them.
וְהָיָה בַּיּוֹם הַהוּא אֲבַקֵּשׁ לְהַשְׁמִיד אֶת־כׇּל־הַגּוֹיִם הַבָּאִים עַל־יְרוּשָׁלָֽ͏ִם׃
And it shall come to pass on that day, that I will seek to destroy all the nations that come against Yerushalayim.
And it shall come to pass on that day, that I will seek to destroy all the nations that come against Yerushalayim.
Rashi
אבקש להשמיד. אבקש בהשמדתם ואדקדק בעוונם ורבותינו פירשו לזכות אבקש בנוגני שלהם אם יש להם זכות אניחם ואם לאו אשמידם:
I will seek to destroy I will seek their destruction, and I will be exact in judging their iniquity. And our Sages (Avodah Zarah 4a) explained this verse as concerning merit. I will search in the books of their deeds; if they have merit, I will spare them; otherwise, I will destroy them.
וְשָׁפַכְתִּי עַל־בֵּית דָּוִיד וְעַל ׀ יוֹשֵׁב יְרוּשָׁלַ͏ִם רוּחַ חֵן וְתַחֲנוּנִים וְהִבִּיטוּ אֵלַי אֵת אֲשֶׁר־דָּקָרוּ וְסָפְדוּ עָלָיו כְּמִסְפֵּד עַל־הַיָּחִיד וְהָמֵר עָלָיו כְּהָמֵר עַֽל־הַבְּכֽוֹר׃
But I will pour upon the house of David, and upon the inhabitants of Yerushalayim, the spirit of grace and of supplication: and they shall look towards me, regarding those whom the nations have thrust through. And they shall mourn for him (that is slain) as one mourns for an only son, and shall be in bitterness over him, as one that is in bitterness for a firstborn.
But I will pour upon the house of David, and upon the inhabitants of Yerushalayim, the spirit of grace and of supplication: and they shall look towards me, regarding those whom the nations have thrust through. And they shall mourn for him (that is slain) as one mourns for an only son, and shall be in bitterness over him, as one that is in bitterness for a firstborn.
Rashi
רוח חן ותחנונים. שיעלו על רוחם להתחנן לפני והם יהיו לחן בעיני:
a spirit of grace and supplications That it should come into their mind to supplicate Me, and they will be in My good graces.
רוח. טלנ"ט בלע"ז:
a spirit Talant in Old French, a desire.
והביטו אלי את אשר דקרו. תרגם יונתן ויבעון מן קדמי על די איטלטלו:
they shall look to Me because of those who have been thrust through Jonathan renders: And they shall supplicate Me because of their wanderings.
והביטו. להתאונן על אשר דקרו בהם האומות והרגו בהם בגלות':
And they shall look to Me. to complain about those of them whom the nations thrust through and slew during their exile.
וספדו עליו. על אותו הרג:
and they shall mourn over it Over that slaughter.
כמספד על היחיד. כאשר יספוד איש על בן יחידו ורבותינו דרשוהו על משיח בן יוסף שנהרג במסכת סוכה:
as one mourns over an only son As a man mourns over his only son. And our Sages expounded this in tractate Sukkah (52a) as referring to the Messiah, son of Joseph, who was slain.
בַּיּוֹם הַהוּא יִגְדַּל הַמִּסְפֵּד בִּירוּשָׁלַ͏ִם כְּמִסְפַּד הֲדַד־רִמּוֹן בְּבִקְעַת מְגִדּֽוֹן׃
On that day shall there be a great mourning in Yerushalayim, like the mourning of Hadadrimmon in the valley of Megiddon.
On that day shall there be a great mourning in Yerushalayim, like the mourning of Hadadrimmon in the valley of Megiddon.
Rashi
כמספד הדדרמון בבקעת מגדון. אין ענין הדדרימון בבקע' מגדון אלא שני מספדות הן כמספדא דאחאב בר עמרי דקטל יתיה הדדרמון בר טברימון ברמות גלעד שנאמר (מלכים א כ״ב:ל״ו) ותעבור הרנה במחנה והוא הספד וכמספדא דיאשיהו בר אמון דקטל יתיה פרעה חגירא בבקעת מגידון שנאמר (ד"ה ב ל"ה) ויקונן שם ירמיהו וגו' ויאמרו כל השרים והשרות בקינותיהם וגו':
like the mourning of Hadadrimmon in the Valley of Megiddon Hadadrimmon has no connection to the Valley of Megiddon. These are, rather, two cases of mourning. [The first is] like the mourning of Ahab the son of Omri, who was slain by Hadadrimmon the son of Tabrimmon in Ramoth Gilead, as it is stated (I Kings 22:36): “A cry passed through the camp.” That is the mourning [of Ahab. The second case is] like the mourning of Josiah the son of Amon, who was slain by Pharoah the lame in the Valley of Megiddon, as it is stated (II Chron. 35:25): “And Jeremiah lamented for Josiah, and all the singing men and singing women spoke in their laments, etc.”
וְסָפְדָה הָאָרֶץ מִשְׁפָּחוֹת מִשְׁפָּחוֹת לְבָד מִשְׁפַּחַת בֵּית־דָּוִיד לְבָד וּנְשֵׁיהֶם לְבָד מִשְׁפַּחַת בֵּית־נָתָן לְבָד וּנְשֵׁיהֶם לְבָֽד׃
And the land shall mourn, every family apart; the family of the house of David apart, and their wives apart; the family of the house of Natan apart, and their wives apart;
And the land shall mourn, every family apart; the family of the house of David apart, and their wives apart; the family of the house of Natan apart, and their wives apart;
Rashi
בית נתן. הנביא וי"א נתן בן דוד כמו שנא' (ש"א ה) שמוע ושובב ונתן ושלמה:
the house of Nathan the prophet. Some say that it refers to Nathan the son of David, as it is said (II Sam. 5:14): “Shammua and Shobab, and Nathan and Solomon.”
מִשְׁפַּחַת בֵּית־לֵוִי לְבָד וּנְשֵׁיהֶם לְבָד מִשְׁפַּחַת הַשִּׁמְעִי לְבָד וּנְשֵׁיהֶם לְבָֽד׃
the family of the house of Levi apart, and their wives apart; the family of Shim῾i apart, and their wives apart;
the family of the house of Levi apart, and their wives apart; the family of Shim῾i apart, and their wives apart;
Rashi
בית לוי. הכהנים והלוים:
the house of Levi The priests and the Levites.
משפחת השמעי. שמוע בן דוד, בתחלה כלל הכתוב משפחות בית דוד ואח"כ פרט כל אחת ואחת:
the family of the Shimeites Shammua the son of David. Scripture first makes a generality about the house of David, and then it specifies each one.
כֹּל הַמִּשְׁפָּחוֹת הַנִּשְׁאָרוֹת מִשְׁפָּחֹת מִשְׁפָּחֹת לְבָד וּנְשֵׁיהֶם לְבָֽד׃
all the families that remain, every family apart, and their wives apart.
all the families that remain, every family apart, and their wives apart.
Rashi
כל המשפחות הנשארות. לבית דוד:
All the remaining families of the house of David.
ונשיהם לבד. משום צניעות ולמה משפחות הכהונה והממלכות כדי להחזיר להם כתריהם כמו שנאמר בראש הספר אלה שני בני היצהר העומדים על אדון כל הארץ:
and their wives apart because of decency. Now why were the families of the priesthood and the kingdom [mentioned]? In order to restore their crowns to them, as it is stated in the beginning of the Book (4:14): “These are the two anointed ones who stand before the Lord of all the earth.”
משא דבר ה'. הוא גמר זה הדבר שהתחיל לדבר בפורענותן של אוכלי ישראל על בבל וכיוצא בו:
The prophecy of the word of the Lord This is the completion of the word that he began to speak about the retribution of those who devour Israel - Esau and his ilk.