Tanach
Zecharyah 13 זכריה י״ג
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בַּיּוֹם הַהוּא יִֽהְיֶה מָקוֹר נִפְתָּח לְבֵית דָּוִיד וּלְיֹשְׁבֵי יְרוּשָׁלָ͏ִם לְחַטַּאת וּלְנִדָּֽה׃
On that day there shall be a fountain opened to the house of David and to the inhabitants of Yerushalayim for cleansing and for sprinkling.
On that day there shall be a fountain opened to the house of David and to the inhabitants of Yerushalayim for cleansing and for sprinkling.
Rashi
וְהָיָה בַיּוֹם הַהוּא נְאֻם ׀ יְהֹוָה צְבָאוֹת אַכְרִית אֶת־שְׁמוֹת הָעֲצַבִּים מִן־הָאָרֶץ וְלֹא יִזָּכְרוּ עוֹד וְגַם אֶת־הַנְּבִיאִים וְאֶת־רוּחַ הַטֻּמְאָה אַעֲבִיר מִן־הָאָֽרֶץ׃
And it shall come to pass on that day, says the Lord of hosts, that I will cut off the names of the idols out of the land, and they shall no more be remembered: and also I will cause the prophets and the unclean spirit to pass out of the land.
And it shall come to pass on that day, says the Lord of hosts, that I will cut off the names of the idols out of the land, and they shall no more be remembered: and also I will cause the prophets and the unclean spirit to pass out of the land.
Rashi
וגם את הנביאים. נביאי שיקרא:
And also the prophets The false prophets.
רוח הטומאה. יצר הרע:
and the spirit of contamination The evil inclination.
וְהָיָה כִּי־יִנָּבֵא אִישׁ עוֹד וְאָמְרוּ אֵלָיו אָבִיו וְאִמּוֹ יֹֽלְדָיו לֹא תִֽחְיֶה כִּי שֶׁקֶר דִּבַּרְתָּ בְּשֵׁם יְהֹוָה וּדְקָרֻהוּ אָבִיהוּ וְאִמּוֹ יֹלְדָיו בְּהִנָּֽבְאֽוֹ׃
And it shall come to pass, that when any shall yet prophesy, then his father and his mother who begot him shall say to him, Thou shalt not live; for thou speakest lies in the name of the Lord: and his father and his mother who begot him shall thrust him through when he prophesies.
And it shall come to pass, that when any shall yet prophesy, then his father and his mother who begot him shall say to him, Thou shalt not live; for thou speakest lies in the name of the Lord: and his father and his mother who begot him shall thrust him through when he prophesies.
וְהָיָה ׀ בַּיּוֹם הַהוּא יֵבֹשׁוּ הַנְּבִיאִים אִישׁ מֵחֶזְיֹנוֹ בְּהִנָּֽבְאֹתוֹ וְלֹא יִלְבְּשׁוּ אַדֶּרֶת שֵׂעָר לְמַעַן כַּחֵֽשׁ׃
And it shall come to pass on that day, that the prophets shall be ashamed every one of his vision, when he has prophesied; and they shall not put on the hairy mantle to deceive:
And it shall come to pass on that day, that the prophets shall be ashamed every one of his vision, when he has prophesied; and they shall not put on the hairy mantle to deceive:
Rashi
אדרת שער. כן דרך מסיתים ומדיחי' מתעטפי' בטליתם כאילו הם אנשים צדיקים למען יקובלו כחשיהם:
a hairy mantle So is the custom of those who entice or draw away [the people], to enwrap themselves with mantles as though they are righteous men in order that their lies be accepted.
וְאָמַר לֹא נָבִיא אָנֹכִי אִישׁ־עֹבֵד אֲדָמָה אָנֹכִי כִּי אָדָם הִקְנַנִי מִנְּעוּרָֽי׃
but he shall say, I am no prophet, I am a tiller of the ground; for a man taught me to keep cattle from my youth.
but he shall say, I am no prophet, I am a tiller of the ground; for a man taught me to keep cattle from my youth.
Rashi
כי אדם הקנני. פתר בו מנחם לשון מקנה צאן ובקר כי אני כשאר כל אדם שאינו עסוק בנבואו' הפקידני מנעורי לשמו' את מקנהו:
for a man entrusted me with his cattle Menahem (Machbereth p. 156, second definition.) interpreted as an expression of “livestock of flocks and livestock of cattle” (Gen. 26:14). He entrusted me from my youth to watch his livestock.
וְאָמַר אֵלָיו מָה הַמַּכּוֹת הָאֵלֶּה בֵּין יָדֶיךָ וְאָמַר אֲשֶׁר הֻכֵּיתִי בֵּית מְאַהֲבָֽי׃ {פ}
And one shall say to him, What are these wounds between thy hands? Then he shall answer, Those with which I was wounded in the house of my friends.
And one shall say to him, What are these wounds between thy hands? Then he shall answer, Those with which I was wounded in the house of my friends.
Rashi
בין ידיך. בין כתפיך שם מלקין עוברי עבירה:
And one will say to him, “What are these wounds between your hands?” Between your shoulders. There they flog the sinners.
בית מאהבי. אשר אהובני והוכיחוני לדרך הישרה:
in the house of my friends who loved me and reproved me to the straight path.
חֶרֶב עוּרִי עַל־רֹעִי וְעַל־גֶּבֶר עֲמִיתִי נְאֻם יְהֹוָה צְבָאוֹת הַךְ אֶת־הָרֹעֶה וּתְפוּצֶיןָ הַצֹּאן וַהֲשִׁבֹתִי יָדִי עַל־הַצֹּעֲרִֽים׃
Awake, O sword, against my shepherd, and against the man who is associated with me, says the Lord of hosts: smite the shepherd, and the sheep shall be scattered: and I will turn my hand against the little ones.
Awake, O sword, against my shepherd, and against the man who is associated with me, says the Lord of hosts: smite the shepherd, and the sheep shall be scattered: and I will turn my hand against the little ones.
Rashi
חרב עורי על רועי. על אותו שהפקדתיו על צאן גלותי:
O sword, awaken against My shepherd Against the one whom I appointed over the flock of My exile.
ועל גבר עמיתי. שחברתיו אלי לשמור צאני כמוני:
and against the man who is associated with Me whom I associated with Me to watch My flocks as I do.
הך את הרועה. את מלך רומי הרשעה:
Smite the shepherd The king of the border of wickedness.
ותפוצנה הצאן. שכבושה תחת ידו:
and the flock shall scatter The flock subjected to his rule; lit. pressed down under his hand.
והשיבותי ידי. ואשנה מכותי שנית:
and I will return My hand And I will repeat My blows a second time.
על הצוערים. על השלטונים הצעירים מן המלכים ויונתן תרגם ותפוצנה הצאן ויתבדרון שלטוניא ותירגם על הצוערים ממונים שלהם השניים להם וכן ת"י המקרא הזה באומות חרבא איתגלי על מלכא דבבל ועל שלטוניא חבריה דכוותיה דדמי ליה אמר ה' צבאות קטול ית מלכא דבבל ויתבדרון שלטוניא ואין לשון התרגום הזה נופל על ישראל שלא מצינו בתרגום ובמקרא שלטונין בישראל אלא מלך ושרים ותרגום שלהן רברבין:
upon the little ones Upon the rulers who are smaller than the kings. And Jonathan renders: and the flock shall scatter And the rulers shall scatter, and he renders: upon the little ones Their officers, who are second to them. And so did Jonathan render this verse as referring to the nations: O sword, reveal yourself against the king and against the ruler, his colleague who is like him, who resembles him, said the Lord of Hosts. Slay the king, and the rulers shall scatter. This wording of the Targum does not apply to Israel, for we do not find in the Targum or in the Scriptures [any words] but “a king and princes” [when referring to Israel], and the Aramaic translation thereof is רַבְרְבִין, great ones.
וְהָיָה בְכׇל־הָאָרֶץ נְאֻם־יְהֹוָה פִּֽי־שְׁנַיִם בָּהּ יִכָּרְתוּ יִגְוָעוּ וְהַשְּׁלִשִׁית יִוָּתֶר בָּֽהּ׃
And it shall come to pass, that in all the land, says the Lord, two parts in it shall be cut off and die; but the third shall be left in it.
And it shall come to pass, that in all the land, says the Lord, two parts in it shall be cut off and die; but the third shall be left in it.
Rashi
והשלישית יותר בה. יתגיירו ויחיו:
and the third shall remain therein They shall proselytize and live.
וְהֵבֵאתִי אֶת־הַשְּׁלִשִׁית בָּאֵשׁ וּצְרַפְתִּים כִּצְרֹף אֶת־הַכֶּסֶף וּבְחַנְתִּים כִּבְחֹן אֶת־הַזָּהָב הוּא ׀ יִקְרָא בִשְׁמִי וַֽאֲנִי אֶעֱנֶה אֹתוֹ אָמַרְתִּי עַמִּי הוּא וְהוּא יֹאמַר יְהֹוָה אֱלֹהָֽי׃ {פ}
And I will bring the third part through the fire, and will refine them as silver is refined, and will try them as gold is tried: they shall call on my name, and I will hear them: I will say, It is my people: and they shall say, The Lord is my God.
And I will bring the third part through the fire, and will refine them as silver is refined, and will try them as gold is tried: they shall call on my name, and I will hear them: I will say, It is my people: and they shall say, The Lord is my God.
Rashi
והבאתי את השלישית באש. ואעיל ית תליתא בעקא בכור דאשא שיסבלו וישאו מקצת הגרים מהעכו"ם בצרות חבלו של משיח ובמלחמות גוג ומגוג עם ישראל ומשם יבחנו כי גרי אמת הם כי הרבה מן המתיהדים תחלה ישובו לסורם ויתחברו עם גוג כמ"ש באגדה:
And I will bring the third in fire And I will bring the third in straits in the smelting-pot of fire (Jonathan), so that some of the proselytes should bear the birth pang of the Messiah and the war of Gog and Magog with Israel. From there they shall be tested [as to] whether [or not] they are true proselytes. Then, many of those who previously converted to Judaism shall return to their pre- conversion customs and join Gog. We find [this idea] in the Aggadah (Avodah Zarah 3b; Midrash Psalms 2:5, footnote 29).
והוא יאמר ה'. כשיתפלל יתפלל לה' ולא לאלהיו הראשון:
and he shall say, “The Lord...” When he prays, he will pray to the Lord and not to his previous deity.
לחטאת ולנדה. לאדיותא וכן ת"י אשבוק לחוביהון כמא דמדכן במי אדיותא ובקטם תורתא דחטאתא באפר חטאת:
for purification and for sprinkling and for sprinkling. So did Jonathan paraphrase: I will forgive their sins as they become purified with sprinkling water and with the ashes of the cow of purification; i.e., with the ashes of purification.