חבקוק ב׳:ט״ו-י״ח

מַשְׁקֵה רֵעֵהוּ. יַיִן, וּבְאוֹתָהּ הַשְׁקָאָה הוּא מְסַפֵּחַ וְאוֹסֵף אֶת חֲמָתוֹ עָלָיו, וְאַף מְשַׁכְּרֵהוּ בַּחֲמָתוֹ. וְכָל זֶה הוּא עוֹשֶׂה לְמַעַן הַבִּיט עַל מְעוֹרֵיהֶם, עַל גִּלּוּיָם וְלִרְאוֹת אֶת עֶרְוָתָם. זֶה נְבוּכַדְנֶצַּר שֶׁהָיָה מַשְׁקֶה אֶת הַמְּלָכִים יַיִן וּמְשַׁכְּרָם, וְשׁוֹכֵב עִמָּם מִשְׁכְּבֵי אִשָּׁה, כִּדְאַמְרִינָן בְּמַסֶּכֶת שַׁבָּת. דָּבָר אַחֵר: הוֹי מַשְׁקֵה רֵעֵהוּ – בְּסֵדֶר עוֹלָם דּוֹרְשׁוֹ כְּלַפֵּי בֵּלְשַׁאצַּר, שֶׁהִשְׁקָה אֶת הַשָּׂרִים בִּכְלֵי בֵית הַמִּקְדָּשׁ, וּבָהֶם נִסְפְּחוּ וְנִשְׁתַּכְּרוּ בַּחֲמָתוֹ שֶׁל הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא, וּבוֹ בַּלַּיְלָה נֶהֱרַג.

Woe to him who gives his friend to drink wine; and into that drink he adds and gathers his venom upon him, and also makes him [his friend] drunk with his venom. All this he does... in order to gaze upon their nakedness Upon their exposure, to see their nakedness. This is the wicked Nebuchadnezzar, who would give the kings wine to drink, intoxicate them, and practice pederasty upon them, as we state in Tractate Shabbath (149b). Another explanation. Woe to him who gives his friend to drink In Seder Olam, it [this verse] is expounded regarding Belshazzar, who gave the princes to drink with the vessels of the Temple, because of which they were smitten with zaraath and intoxicated by the wrath of the Holy One, blessed be He. On that night he [Belshazzar] was slain.

עַל מְעוֹרֵיהֶם. לְהִגָּלוֹת קְלוֹנָם וְרָאוּ שׂוֹנְאֵיהֶם בְּנִוּוּלָם.

upon their nakedness So that their disgrace be revealed, and their enemies see their disgrace.

וְהֵעָרֵל. הֵ״א מְשַׁמֶּשֶׁת בְּתֵבָה זוֹ בִּלְשׁוֹן ׳הִתְפַּעֵל׳, כְּמוֹ (דברים לב:נ) ״הֵאָסֵף אֶל עַמֶּךָ״. אַף כָּאן ״הֵעָרֵל״, הֵאָטֵם בְּשִׁמָּמוֹן וּבְתִמָּהוֹן לֵב. כָּל עָרְלָה לְשׁוֹן ׳אֹטֶם׳ הוּא, כְּמוֹ ״עֲרֵלָה אָזְנָם״ (ירמיהו ו:י), ״עַרְלֵי לֵב וְעַרְלֵי בָשָׂר״ (יחזקאל מד:ז). וְיוֹנָתָן תִּרְגֵּם: ״וְאִתְעַרְטַל״ – לְשׁוֹן ״עֵרֹם וְעֶרְיָה״ (שם).

and become clogged up The “he” serves in this word as an expression of the reflexive, as in (Deut. 32:50) “And you shall be gathered to your people.” Here, too, הֵעָרֵל - you shall become clogged up with bewilderment and with astonishment of heart. Every expression of עָרְלָה is an expression of clogging, like (Jer. 6:10) “Their ear is clogged” and (Ezek 44:7) “Of clogged heart and of uncircumcised flesh.” Jonathan rendered: And become naked, an expression of (ibid. 16:7) “Naked and bare.”

חֲמַס לְבָנוֹן. בֵּית מַקְדְּשָׁא.

the violence of the Lebanon the Temple.

וְשֹׁד בְּהֵמוֹת יְחִיתַּן. שׁוֹד בְּהֵמוֹתֶיךָ וְאוּכְלוֹסֶיךָ אֲשֶׁר שָׁדְדוּ אֶת עַמִּי יִשְׂרָאֵל, הוּא יִשְׁבְּרֵם.

and the plunder of cattle The plunder of your cattle, and your hordes that plundered My people Israel, shall break you.

מִדְּמֵי אָדָם. מֵחֲמַס דְּמֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל.

because of the blood of man Because of the violence done to the blood of Israel.

וַחֲמַס אֶרֶץ. אֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל.

and the violence of the land The land of Israel.

קִרְיָה. יְרוּשָׁלַיִם.

a city Jerusalem.

מַה הוֹעִיל. לְבָבֶל פֶּסֶל.

What did a graven image avail Babylon?

כִּי בָטַח. הָאָדָם הַיּוֹצֵר וְיוֹצְרוֹ שֶׁל אֱלוֹהוֹ זֶה.

that the maker of his work trusted The man who formed it, who is the maker of this god of his.

עָלָיו. עַל יְצִירָתוֹ זֹאת הוּא בּוֹטֵחַ שֶׁיַּעֲזֹר לוֹ, אֲשֶׁר בָּא לַעֲשׂוֹת אֱלִילִים אִלְּמִים.

in it He trusts in this creation of his, that it assists him, so he comes to make dumb idols.