דברים ד׳:א׳-כ״ד

לא תספו. כְּגוֹן חָמֵשׁ פָּרָשִׁיּוֹת בַּתְּפִלִּין, חֲמֵשֶׁת מִינִין בַּלּוּלָב, וְחָמֵשׁ צִיצִיּוֹת, וְכֵן "לֹא תִגְרְעוּ" (ע' ספרי פ' ראה):

Do not add. For instance to place five parshiyos in the tefillin, to take five species [of fruit] for the mitzvah of lulav, to place five fringes [instead of four on one’s garment]; and this also applies to (the command), “And do not subtract from them.”

ושמרתם. זוֹ מִשְׁנָה:

You will preserve them. This refers to the study of the Mishnah.

ועשיתם. כְּמַשְׁמָעוֹ (שם):

And you will fulfill them. As literally implied.

כי הוא חכמתכם ובינתכם וגו'. בָּזֹאת תֵּחָשְׁבוּ חֲכָמִים וּנְבוֹנִים לְעֵינֵי הָעַמִּים:

For that [displays] your wisdom and understanding, etc. Through this you will be considered wise and understanding in the eyes of the nations.

חקים ומשפטים צדיקם. הֲגוּנִים וּמְקֻבָּלִים:

Upright statutes and laws. That are proper and acceptable.

רק השמר לך … פן תשכח את הדברים. אָז, כְּשֶׁלֹּא תִשְׁכְּחוּ אוֹתָם וְתַעֲשׂוּם עַל אֲמִתָּתָם, תֵּחָשְׁבוּ חֲכָמִים וּנְבוֹנִים, וְאִם תְּעַוְּתוּ אוֹתָם מִתּוֹךְ שִׁכְחָה, תֵּחָשְׁבוּ שׁוֹטִים:

[Only] look out for yourself, etc. Lest you forget the words. Then, if you do not forget them, and you fulfill them correctly will you be considered wise and understanding; but if you distort them through forgetfulness, you will be considered fools.

יום אשר עמדת. מוּסָב עַל מִקְרָא שֶׁלְּמַעְלָה מִמֶּנּוּ אשר ראו עיניך – יום אשר עמדת בחרב אֲשֶׁר רָאִיתָ הַקּוֹלוֹת וְאֶת הַלַּפִּידִים:

The day you stood. This verse is connected with the preceding verse: “[the words] your eyes witnessed” on the day you stood at Choreiv, where you saw the thunder and lightning.

יִלְמְדוּן. יֵלְפוּן – לְעַצְמָם:

They will learn. For themselves [ יֵלְפוּן ].

יְלַמֵּדוּן. יְאַלְּפוּן – לַאֲחֵרִים:

They will teach. Others. [ יְאַלְפוּן ].

ואתי צוה ה' ללמד אתכם. תּוֹרָה שֶׁבְּעַל פֶּה:

Adonoy commanded me at that time to teach you. This refers to the Oral Law.

סמל. צוּרָה:

סָמֶל . Form.

ופן תשא עיניך. לְהִסְתַּכֵּל בַּדָּבָר וְלָתֵת לֵב לִטְעוֹת אַחֲרֵיהֶם:

Or lest you raise your eyes [heavenward] — to speculate about the matter, and to set your heart to blunder after them.

אשר חלק ה'. לְהָאִיר לָהֶם (מגילה ט'); דָּ"אַ לֶאֱלוֹהוֹת, לֹא מְנָעָן מִלִּטְעוֹת אַחֲרֵיהֶם אֶלָּא הֶחֱלִיקָם בְּדִבְרֵי הַבְלֵיהֶם לְטָרְדָם מִן הָעוֹלָם, וְכֵן הוּא אוֹמֵר (תהלים ל"ו) "כִּי הֶחֱלִיק אֵלָיו בְּעֵינָיו לִמְצֹא עֲוֹנוֹ לִשְׂנֹא" (עבודה זרה נ"ה):

When Adonoy has made them available to provide them with light. Another explanation: [He made them available] as deities. He did not prevent them from blundering after them, but paved the way for them [to err] through their meaningless speculations, in order to banish them from the world. Similarly it states: “For he smoothes [the way] before his eyes, causing Him [God] to discover his iniquity for which He will hate him.

מכור. כּוּר הוּא כְלִי שֶׁמְּזַקְּקִים בּוֹ אֶת הַזָּהָב:

[Iron] crucible. This is a vessel in which gold is refined.

התאנף. נִתְמַלֵּא רֹגֶז:

Grew angry. He was filled with wrath.

על דבריכם. עַל אוֹדוֹתֵיכֶם, עַל עִסְקֵיכֶם:

On account of your statements. Because of your attitude and your actions.

כי אנכי מת וגו' אינני עבר. מֵאַחַר שֶׁמֵּת מֵהֵיכָן יַעֲבֹר? אֶלָּא אַף עַצְמוֹתַי אֵינָם עוֹבְרִים (ספרי במדבר כ"ז):

For I am to die — I am not crossing. Since he was to die, how was he to cross? But [what he meant was] “even my bones will not cross over.”

תמונת כל. תְּמוּנַת כָּל דָּבָר:

An image of anything. The likeness of any object.

אשר צוך ה'. אֲשֶׁר צִוְּךָ שֶׁלֹּא לַעֲשׂוֹת:

That Adonoy commanded you. That He commanded you not to make.

אל קנא. מְקַנֵּא לִנְקֹם, אנפר"מנט בְּלַעַז, מִתְחָרֶה עַל רָגְזוֹ לְהִפָּרַע מֵעוֹבְדֵי עֲ"זָ:

A jealous Almighty. He is jealous to take vengeance; In Old French — emportement. His anger is glowing to punish those who worship idols.