Reading: Hebrew · Simple EnglishHebrew · Faithful translationHebrew onlyHebrew · Simple EnglishHebrew · Faithful translationHebrew onlySimple English onlyFaithful translation onlySide by sideRashi

11:1

וַיְהִי הָעָם כְּמִתְאֹנְנִים רַע בְּאׇזְנֵי יְהֹוָה וַיִּשְׁמַע יְהֹוָה וַיִּחַר אַפּוֹ וַתִּבְעַר־בָּם אֵשׁ יְהֹוָה וַתֹּאכַל בִּקְצֵה הַֽמַּחֲנֶֽה׃

The people were like complainers; [it was] wicked in the ears of Adonoy. Adonoy heard and His Anger flared and the fire of Adonoy burned among them and consumed [some] of the outcasts of the camp.

The people were like complainers; [it was] wicked in the ears of Adonoy. Adonoy heard and His Anger flared and the fire of Adonoy burned among them and consumed [some] of the outcasts of the camp.

Rashi

ויהי העם כמתאננים. אֵין הָעָם אֶלָּא רְשָׁעִים, וְכֵן הוּא אוֹמֵר "מָה אֶעֱשֶׂה לָעָם הַזֶּה" (שמות י"ז), וְאוֹמֵר "הָעָם הַזֶּה הָרָע" (ירמיהו י"ג); וּכְשֶׁהֵם כְּשֵׁרִים קְרוּאִים "עַמִּי", שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "שַׁלַּח עַמִּי" (שמות ח׳:ט״ז), "עַמִּי מֶה עָשִׂיתִי לְךָ" (מיכה ו'):

The people were like complainers. ”The people” refers only to the wicked. Similarly, it says, “what shall I do for this people,” and it says, “this evil people.” But when they are righteous, they are called “My people,” as it says, “send out My people,” “My people, what have I done to you”

כמתאננים. אֵין מִתְאוֹנְנִים אֶלָּא לְשׁוֹן עֲלִילָה — מְבַקְּשִׁים עֲלִילָה הֵיאַךְ לִפְרֹשׁ מֵאַחֲרֵי הַמָּקוֹם, וְכֵן הוּא אוֹמֵר בְּשִׁמְשׁוֹן (שופטים י"ד), "כִּי תֹאֲנָה הוּא מְבַקֵּשׁ" (ספרי):

Like complainers. מִתְאֹנְנִים is strictly a term referring to a pretext. They seek a pretext in order to turn away from [following] after the Omnipresent. Similarly, it says about Shimshon, “for he seeks a pretext.”

רע באזני ה'. תּוֹאֲנָה שֶׁהִיא רָעָה בְּאָזְנֵי ה', שֶׁמִּתְכַּוְּנִים שֶׁתָּבֹא בְּאָזְנָיו וְיַקְנִיט, אָמְרוּ: אוֹי לָנוּ, כַּמָּה לֻבַּטְנוּ בַּדֶּרֶךְ הַזֶּה, שְׁלֹשָׁה יָמִים שֶׁלֹּא נַחְנוּ מֵעִנּוּי הַדֶּרֶךְ:

Wicked in the ears of Adonoy. A complaint which is wicked in the ears of God, for they intended it to reach His ears and anger Him. They said, “Woe to us, how we have toiled on this journey. Three days [have passed] that we have not rested from the fatigue of travel.”

ויחר אפו. אֲנִי הָיִיתִי מִתְכַּוֵּן לְטוֹבַתְכֶם — שֶׁתִּכָּנְסוּ לָאָרֶץ מִיָּד:

And His anger flared. I meant for your benefit, so that you would enter the land immediately.

בקצה המחנה. בְּמֻּקְצִין שֶׁבָּהֶם לְשִׁפְלוּת, אֵלּוּ עֵרֶב רַב, רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן מְנַסְיָא אוֹמֵר, בַּקְּצִינִים שֶׁבָּהֶם וּבַגְּדוֹלִים (עי' ספרי):

The outcasts of the camp. Those among them who were outcasts, of low status, they were the great mixture. R’ Shimon ben Menasya says, the distinguished among them, and the great ones.

11:2

וַיִּצְעַק הָעָם אֶל־מֹשֶׁה וַיִּתְפַּלֵּל מֹשֶׁה אֶל־יְהֹוָה וַתִּשְׁקַע הָאֵֽשׁ׃

The people cried out to Moshe, and Moshe prayed to Adonoy, and the fire subsided.

The people cried out to Moshe, and Moshe prayed to Adonoy, and the fire subsided.

Rashi

ויצעק העם אל משה. מָשָׁל לְמֶלֶךְ בָּשָׂר וָדָם שֶׁכָּעַס עַל בְּנוֹ, וְהָלַךְ הַבֵּן אֵצֶל אוֹהֲבוֹ שֶׁל אָבִיו וְאָמַר לוֹ צֵא וּבַקֵּשׁ עָלַי מֵאַבָּא:

The people cried out to Moshe. This is compared to a mortal king who was angry with his son. The son went to his father’s intimate friend, and said to him, ‘Go, ask [for forgiveness] for me from father.’

ותשקע האש. שָׁקְעָה בִּמְקוֹמָהּ, שֶׁאִלּוּ חָזְרָה לְאַחַת הָרוּחוֹת הָיְתָה מְקַפֶּלֶת וְהוֹלֶכֶת כָּל אוֹתוֹ הָרוּחַ (ספרי):

And the fire subsided. It subsided into its place, for if it had turned to any one direction, it would have gathered itself and proceeded in that entire direction.

11:3

וַיִּקְרָא שֵֽׁם־הַמָּקוֹם הַהוּא תַּבְעֵרָה כִּֽי־בָעֲרָה בָם אֵשׁ יְהֹוָֽה׃

He called the name of that place Taveirah, for it was there that burned among them the fire of Adonoy.

He called the name of that place Taveirah, for it was there that burned among them the fire of Adonoy.

11:4

וְהָֽאסַפְסֻף אֲשֶׁר בְּקִרְבּוֹ הִתְאַוּוּ תַּאֲוָה וַיָּשֻׁבוּ וַיִּבְכּוּ גַּם בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל וַיֹּאמְרוּ מִי יַאֲכִלֵנוּ בָּשָֽׂר׃

The collection [of nationalities] among them began to have strong cravings, and Bnei Yisroel turned and began to weep; and they said “Who will feed us meat?

The collection [of nationalities] among them began to have strong cravings, and Bnei Yisroel turned and began to weep; and they said “Who will feed us meat?

Rashi

והאספסף. אֵלּוּ עֵרֶב רַב שֶׁנֶּאֶסְפוּ עֲלֵיהֶם בְּצֵאתָם מִמִּצְרַיִם:

The collection [of nationalities]. These were [members of] the “great mixture” which gathered with them when they left Egypt.

וישבו גם בני ישראל ויבכו. עִמָּהֶם:

And [Bnei Yisroel] turned. Bnei Yisroel, also, and wept with them.

מי יאכלנו בשר. וְכִי לֹא הָיָה לָהֶם בָּשָׂר? וַהֲלֹא כְּבָר נֶאֱמַר "וְגַם עֵרֶב רַב עָלָה אִתָּם וְצֹאן וּבָקָר" וְגוֹ' (שמות י"ב), וְאִ"תֹּ אֲכָלוּם, וַהֲלֹא בִּכְנִיסָתָן לָאָרֶץ נֶאֱמַר "וּמִקְנֶה רַב הָיָה לִבְנֵי רְאוּבֵן" וְגוֹ' (במדבר ל"ב)? אֶלָּא שֶׁמְּבַקְשִׁים עֲלִילָה (ספרי):

Who will feed us meat? Did they not have meat? Did it not say previously, “A great mixture also went up with them, with sheep and cattle, etc.”? Perhaps you will say they ate them, but does it not say, when they came into the land, “Much cattle belonged to the sons of Reuven, etc.” Evidently, they sought a pretext.

11:5

זָכַרְנוּ אֶת־הַדָּגָה אֲשֶׁר־נֹאכַל בְּמִצְרַיִם חִנָּם אֵת הַקִּשֻּׁאִים וְאֵת הָֽאֲבַטִּחִים וְאֶת־הֶחָצִיר וְאֶת־הַבְּצָלִים וְאֶת־הַשּׁוּמִֽים׃

We remember the fish which we ate in Egypt freely; the cucumbers, watermelons, leeks, onions and garlic.

We remember the fish which we ate in Egypt freely; the cucumbers, watermelons, leeks, onions and garlic.

Rashi

אשר נאכל במצרים חנם. אִ"תֹּ שֶׁמִּצְרִיִּים נוֹתְנִים לָהֶם דָּגִים חִנָּם, וַהֲלֹא כְּבָר נֶאֱמַר "וְתֶבֶן לֹא יִנָּתֵן לָכֶם" (שמות ה'), אִם תֶּבֶן לֹא הָיוּ נוֹתְנִין לָהֶם חִנָּם, דָּגִים הָיוּ נוֹתְנִין לָהֶם חִנָּם? וּמַהוּ אוֹמֵר חִנָּם, חִנָּם מִן הַמִּצְוֹת (ספרי):

Which we ate in Egypt freely. Perhaps you will say that the Egyptians gave them fish freely. But did it not already say, “straw will not be given to you”? If they did not give them straw freely, would they have given them fish freely? Then what is meant by “freely”? Free of mitzvos.

את הקשאים. אָמַר רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן מִפְּנֵי מָה הַמָּן מִשְׁתַּנֶּה לְכָל דָּבָר חוּץ מֵאֵלּוּ? מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהֵן קָשִׁים לַמְּנִיקוֹת, אוֹמְרִים לְאִשָּׁה אַל תֹּאכְלִי שׁוּם וּבָצָל מִפְּנֵי הַתִּינוֹק, מָשָׁל לְמֶלֶךְ וְכוּ', כִּדְאִיתָא בְּסִפְרֵי:

The cucumbers. R’ Shimon said: Why was the manna transformed into everything but these? Because they are harmful to nursing mothers. We tell a woman: “Do not eat garlic or onion for the baby’s sake.” This is compared to a king, etc., as stated by Sifri.

הקשאים. הֵם קוקומבר"שׂ בְּלַעַז:

The cucumbers. They are “cocombres” in Old French.

אבטיחים. בודיק"ש:

Melons. “Borekes” [in Old French].

החציר. כְּרֵישִׁין, פוריל"ש (תַּרְגּוּמוֹ יָת בּוֹצִינַיָּא וְכוּ'):

The leeks. Leeks, “porels” [in Old French]. (Targum [Onkelos] renders “the leeks, etc.”)

11:6

וְעַתָּה נַפְשֵׁנוּ יְבֵשָׁה אֵין כֹּל בִּלְתִּי אֶל־הַמָּן עֵינֵֽינוּ׃

Now our bodies are withered, there is nothing at all, but the manna before our eyes.”

Now our bodies are withered, there is nothing at all, but the manna before our eyes.”

Rashi

אל המן עינינו. מָן בַּשַּׁחַר, מָן בָּעֶרֶב:

The manna before our eyes. Manna in the morning, manna in the evening.

11:7

וְהַמָּן כִּזְרַע־גַּד הוּא וְעֵינוֹ כְּעֵין הַבְּדֹֽלַח׃

The manna was like coriander seed and it is similiar to the appearance of crystal.

The manna was like coriander seed and it is similiar to the appearance of crystal.

Rashi

והמן כזרע גד. מִי שֶׁאָמַר זֶה לֹא אָמַר זֶה, יִשְֹרָאֵל אוֹמְרִים "בִּלְתִּי אֶל הַמָּן עֵינֵינוּ" וְהַקָּבָּ"ה הִכְתִּיב בַּתּוֹרָה "וְהַמָּן כִּזְרַע גַּד" וְגוֹ', כְּלוֹמַר רְאוּ בָּאֵי עוֹלָם עַל מָה מִתְלוֹנְנִים בָּנַי, וְהַמָּן כָּךְ וְכָךְ הוּא חָשׁוּב:

The manna is like coriander seed. The one who said this [verse] did not say the other. The Israelites said, ‘Nothing but the manna before our eyes.’ while the Holy One, Blessed is He, inscribed in the Torah, “But the manna was like coriander seed, etc.,” as if to say, ‘Look, those who walk the earth at the subject of My children’s complaint — the manna was precious for such and such a reason’.

כזרע גד. עָגֹל כְּגִידָּא — זֶרַע קוליינדר"ו:

Like coriander seed. Round like coriander. “Aliendre” seed in Old French.

הבדלח. שֵׁם אֶבֶן טוֹבָה קריסט"ל:

Crystal The name of a precious stone, “cristal” [in Old French].

11:8

שָׁטוּ הָעָם וְלָֽקְטוּ וְטָחֲנוּ בָרֵחַיִם אוֹ דָכוּ בַּמְּדֹכָה וּבִשְּׁלוּ בַּפָּרוּר וְעָשׂוּ אֹתוֹ עֻגוֹת וְהָיָה טַעְמוֹ כְּטַעַם לְשַׁד הַשָּֽׁמֶן׃

The people [merely] strolled about and they gathered it and they ground it with a millstone or crushed it in mortars and cooked it in pots and made cakes out of it. Its taste was like the taste of cake kneaded with oil.

The people [merely] strolled about and they gathered it and they ground it with a millstone or crushed it in mortars and cooked it in pots and made cakes out of it. Its taste was like the taste of cake kneaded with oil.

Rashi

שטו. אֵין שִׁיּוּט אֶלָּא לְשׁוֹן טִיּוּל, אישבנ"ייר — בְּלֹא עָמָל:

Strolled about. שִׁיוּט is interpreted strictly as strolling, “esbaneier” [in Old French], without exertion.

וטחנו ברחים וגו'. לֹא יָרַד בָּרֵחַיִם וְלֹא בַקְּדֵרָה וְלֹא בַמְּדוֹכָה, אֶלָּא מִשְׁתַּנֶּה הָיָה טַעֲמוֹ לַנִּטְחָנִין וְלַנְּדוֹכִין וְלַמְבֻשָּׁלִין (ספרי):

They ground [it] with a millstone, etc. It never descended into the millstone, or the pot, or the mortar; rather, its taste changed to ground, crushed, or cooked [foods].

בפרור. קְדֵרָה:

בַּפָּרוּר . Pot.

לשד השמן. לִחְלוּחַ שֶׁל שֶׁמֶן, כָּךְ פֵּרְשׁוֹ דּוּנָשׁ, וְדוֹמֶה לוֹ "נֶהְפַּךְ לְשַׁדִּי בְּחַרְבֹנֵי קַיִץ" (תהילים ל"ב), וְהַלָּמֶ"ד יְסוֹד, — נֶהְפַּךְ לִחְלוּחִי בְּחַרְבוֹנֵי קַיִץ. וְרַבּוֹתֵינוּ פֵרְשׁוּהוּ לְשׁוֹן שָׁדַיִם, אַךְ אֵין עִנְיַן שָׁדַיִם אֵצֶל שֶׁמֶן; וְאִאֶ"ל לְשַׁד הַשָּׁמֶן לְשׁוֹן "וַיִּשְׁמַן יְשֻׁרוּן" (דברים ל"ב), שֶׁאִם כֵּן הָיָה הַמֵּ"ם נָקוּד קָמָץ וְטַעְמוֹ לְמַטָּה תַּחַת הַמֵּ"ם, עַכְשָׁו שֶׁהַמֵּ"ם נָקוּד פַּתָּח קָטָן וְהַטַּעַם תַּחַת הַשִּׁי"ן, לְשׁוֹן שֶׁמֶן הוּא, וְהַשִּׁ"ין הַנְּקוּדָה בְּקָמָץ גָּדוֹל וְאֵינָהּ נְקוּדָה בְּפַתָּח קָטָן מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא סוֹף פָּסוּק. דָּ"אַ: לְשַׁד לְשׁוֹן נוֹטָרִיקוֹן — לִישׁ שֶׁמֶן דְּבַשׁ, כְּעִסָּה הַנִּלּוֹשָׁה בְּשֶׁמֶן וּקְטוּפָה בִדְבַשׁ. וְתַרְגּוּם שֶׁל אֻנְקְלוֹס דִּמְתַרְגֵּם "דְּלִישׁ בְּמִשְׁחָא" נוֹטֶה לְפִתְרוֹנוֹ שֶׁל דּוּנָשׁ, שֶׁהָעִסָּה הַנִּלּוֹשָׁה בְשֶׁמֶן לַחְלוּחִית שֶׁמֶן יֵשׁ בָּהּ:

לְשַׁד הַשָׁמֶן . The moisture of oil. This is how Donash explained it. Similar to this, “ לְשַׁדִּי was overturned by the heat of summer.” The “lamed” is part of the root, “My moisture was overturned by the heat of summer.” The Rabbis, however, explain it as a term meaning שָׁדַיִם, “breasts.” But שָׁדַיִם have no relation to oil. One cannot say that לְשַׁד הַשָׁמֶן is translated like וַיִשְׁמַן יְשׁוּרוּן, “The righteous were fattened,” for, if so, the “ מ “ would be vocalized with a minor “kametz” (“tzeirei”) and the emphasis below, under the “ מ .” Now that the “ מ “ is vocalized with a minor “patach” (“segol”) and the emphasis is below the “ ש,” it is translated as “oil.” The “ ש “ is vocalized with a major “kametz” (”kametz”), but not with a minor “patach” (”segol”), because it closes the passge. Another interpretation: לְשַׁד is an acronym, [spelling] לִ'ישׁ, שֶׁ'מֶן, דְּ'בַשׁ, kneaded, oil, honey. [It was] like a loaf kneaded with oil and coated with honey. Onkelos’ translation, rendered “kneaded with oil,” leans toward Donash’s interpretation, since a loaf kneaded with oil contains the moisture of oil.

11:9

וּבְרֶדֶת הַטַּל עַל־הַֽמַּחֲנֶה לָיְלָה יֵרֵד הַמָּן עָלָֽיו׃

When the dew would descend on the camp, at night, the manna would descend on it.

When the dew would descend on the camp, at night, the manna would descend on it.

11:10

וַיִּשְׁמַע מֹשֶׁה אֶת־הָעָם בֹּכֶה לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָיו אִישׁ לְפֶתַח אׇהֳלוֹ וַיִּֽחַר־אַף יְהֹוָה מְאֹד וּבְעֵינֵי מֹשֶׁה רָֽע׃

Moshe heard the people weep according to their families, at the door of each one’s tent. The Anger of Adonoy was greatly aroused and in Moshe’s eyes, it was evil.

Moshe heard the people weep according to their families, at the door of each one’s tent. The Anger of Adonoy was greatly aroused and in Moshe’s eyes, it was evil.

Rashi

בכה למשפחתיו. מִשְׁפָּחוֹת מִשְׁפָּחוֹת נֶאֱסָפִים וּבוֹכִים לְפַרְסֵם תַּרְעֻמְתָּן בְּגָלוּי. וְרַבּוֹתֵינוּ אָמְרוּ (יומא ע"ה) לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָיו, עַל עִסְקֵי מִשְׁפָּחוֹת —עַל עֲרָיוֹת הַנֶּאֱסָרוֹת לָהֶם:

Weep according to their families. Every family gathered together and wept, to publicize their complaints openly. The Rabbis remark that לְמִשְׁפְּחוֹתָיו means “concerning family matters” — concerning the intimate relations forbidden to them.

11:11

וַיֹּאמֶר מֹשֶׁה אֶל־יְהֹוָה לָמָה הֲרֵעֹתָ לְעַבְדֶּךָ וְלָמָּה לֹא־מָצָתִי חֵן בְּעֵינֶיךָ לָשׂוּם אֶת־מַשָּׂא כׇּל־הָעָם הַזֶּה עָלָֽי׃

Moshe said to Adonoy: “Why have you dealt poorly with Your servant, and why have I not found favor in Your eyes that You place the burden of the entire people upon me?

Moshe said to Adonoy: “Why have you dealt poorly with Your servant, and why have I not found favor in Your eyes that You place the burden of the entire people upon me?

11:12

הֶאָנֹכִי הָרִיתִי אֵת כׇּל־הָעָם הַזֶּה אִם־אָנֹכִי יְלִדְתִּיהוּ כִּֽי־תֹאמַר אֵלַי שָׂאֵהוּ בְחֵיקֶךָ כַּאֲשֶׁר יִשָּׂא הָאֹמֵן אֶת־הַיֹּנֵק עַל הָֽאֲדָמָה אֲשֶׁר נִשְׁבַּעְתָּ לַאֲבֹתָֽיו׃

Have I conceived this entire people? have I given birth to it that You say to me, carry it in your lap as a nurse carries an infant, to the land which You swore to their forefathers?

Have I conceived this entire people? have I given birth to it that You say to me, carry it in your lap as a nurse carries an infant, to the land which You swore to their forefathers?

Rashi

כי תאמר אלי. שֶׁאַתָּה אוֹמֵר אֵלַי שָׂאֵהוּ בְחֵיקֶךָ; וְהֵיכָן אָמַר לוֹ כֵן? "לֵךְ נְחֵה אֶת הָעָם" (שמות ל"ב), וְאוֹמֵר "וַיְצַוֵּם אֶל בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל" (שם ו') — עַל מְנָת שֶׁיִּהְיוּ סוֹקְלִים אֶתְכֶם וּמְחָרְפִים אֶתְכֶם (ספרי):

That You say [lit. will say]. That You say to me, ‘carry it in your lap.’ Where did He say this to him? “Go, lead the people.” And it says, “He commanded them (Moshe and Aharon) to [lead] Bnei Yisroel” [even] on condition that they stone you and insult you.

על האדמה אשר נשבעת לאבתיו. אַתָּה אוֹמֵר לִי לְשֵׂאתָם בְּחֵיקִי:

To the land which You swore to their forefathers. You tell me to carry them in my lap.

11:13

מֵאַיִן לִי בָּשָׂר לָתֵת לְכׇל־הָעָם הַזֶּה כִּֽי־יִבְכּוּ עָלַי לֵאמֹר תְּנָה־לָּנוּ בָשָׂר וְנֹאכֵֽלָה׃

From where do I have meat to give to this entire people on account of which they cry to me, saying: “Give us meat and we shall eat.”

From where do I have meat to give to this entire people on account of which they cry to me, saying: “Give us meat and we shall eat.”

11:14

לֹֽא־אוּכַל אָנֹכִי לְבַדִּי לָשֵׂאת אֶת־כׇּל־הָעָם הַזֶּה כִּי כָבֵד מִמֶּֽנִּי׃

I alone can not carry this entire people, for they are too burdensome for me.

I alone can not carry this entire people, for they are too burdensome for me.

11:15

וְאִם־כָּכָה ׀ אַתְּ־עֹשֶׂה לִּי הׇרְגֵנִי נָא הָרֹג אִם־מָצָאתִי חֵן בְּעֵינֶיךָ וְאַל־אֶרְאֶה בְּרָעָתִֽי׃ {פ}

If this is the way You treat me, please kill me, if I have found favor in Your eyes; so that I will not see my evil.”

If this is the way You treat me, please kill me, if I have found favor in Your eyes; so that I will not see my evil.”

Rashi

ואם ככה את עושה לי. תָּשַׁשׁ כֹּחוֹ שֶׁל מֹשֶׁה כִּנְקֵבָה כְּשֶׁהֶרְאָהוּ הַקָּבָּ"ה הַפֻּרְעָנוּת שֶׁהוּא עָתִיד לְהָבִיא עֲלֵיהֶם עַל זֹאת, אָמַר לְפָנָיו, אִם כֵּן, הָרְגֵנִי תְּחִלָּה:

If this is the way You treat me. Moshe’s strength weakened like a female’s when the Holy One, Blessed is He, showed him the punishment He would visit upon them for this. He said before Him: ‘If so, kill me first.’

ואל אראה ברעתי. בְּרָעָתָם הָיָה לוֹ לִכְתֹּב, אֶלָּא שֶׁכִּנָּה הַכָּתוּב, וְזֶה אֶחָד מִתִּקּוּנֵי סוֹפְרִים בַּתּוֹרָה לְכִנּוּי וּלְתִקּוּן לָשׁוֹן:

So that I will not see my evil. It should have written “their evil,” but Scripture euphemizes. This is one of the “scribes’ adjustments” to the Torah, for the sake of euphemistic language adjustment.

Texts

  • Hebrew: Miqra according to the Masorah · License: CC-BY-SA
  • English: Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009 · License: CC-BY
  • Hebrew: Pentateuch with Rashi's commentary by M. Rosenbaum and A.M. Silbermann -- corrected vocalization · License: PD
  • English: Rashi Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009 · License: CC-BY

Where next