Tanach
Bamidbar 31:25-54 במדבר ל״א:כ״ה-נ״ד
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וַיֹּאמֶר יְהֹוָה אֶל־מֹשֶׁה לֵּאמֹֽר׃
Adonoy spoke to Moshe, saying:
Adonoy spoke to Moshe, saying:
שָׂא אֵת רֹאשׁ מַלְקוֹחַ הַשְּׁבִי בָּאָדָם וּבַבְּהֵמָה אַתָּה וְאֶלְעָזָר הַכֹּהֵן וְרָאשֵׁי אֲבוֹת הָעֵדָֽה׃
“Take count of the booty seized, of what was captured of the men and animals—you, together with Elozor the kohein, and the leaders of the community.
“Take count of the booty seized, of what was captured of the men and animals—you, together with Elozor the kohein, and the leaders of the community.
Rashi
וְחָצִיתָ אֶת־הַמַּלְקוֹחַ בֵּין תֹּפְשֵׂי הַמִּלְחָמָה הַיֹּצְאִים לַצָּבָא וּבֵין כׇּל־הָעֵדָֽה׃
Divide in half the spoils seized among those who took the war in hand, who went into the army, and the entire community.
Divide in half the spoils seized among those who took the war in hand, who went into the army, and the entire community.
Rashi
וחצית את המלקוח בין תפשי המלחמה וגו'. חֶצְיוֹ לָאֵלּוּ וְחֶצְיוֹ לָאֵלּוּ:
Divide in half the spoils seized among those who took the war in hand, etc. Half for these, and half for these.
וַהֲרֵמֹתָ מֶכֶס לַֽיהֹוָה מֵאֵת אַנְשֵׁי הַמִּלְחָמָה הַיֹּצְאִים לַצָּבָא אֶחָד נֶפֶשׁ מֵחֲמֵשׁ הַמֵּאוֹת מִן־הָאָדָם וּמִן־הַבָּקָר וּמִן־הַחֲמֹרִים וּמִן־הַצֹּֽאן׃
Levy a tribute to Adonoy from the people of the army who went out to war, one living being out of five hundred from the people, cattle, donkeys and sheep.
Levy a tribute to Adonoy from the people of the army who went out to war, one living being out of five hundred from the people, cattle, donkeys and sheep.
מִמַּֽחֲצִיתָם תִּקָּחוּ וְנָתַתָּה לְאֶלְעָזָר הַכֹּהֵן תְּרוּמַת יְהֹוָֽה׃
Take this from their half and give it to Elozor the kohein as a gift to Adonoy.
Take this from their half and give it to Elozor the kohein as a gift to Adonoy.
וּמִמַּחֲצִת בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל תִּקַּח ׀ אֶחָד ׀ אָחֻז מִן־הַחֲמִשִּׁים מִן־הָאָדָם מִן־הַבָּקָר מִן־הַחֲמֹרִים וּמִן־הַצֹּאן מִכׇּל־הַבְּהֵמָה וְנָתַתָּה אֹתָם לַלְוִיִּם שֹׁמְרֵי מִשְׁמֶרֶת מִשְׁכַּן יְהֹוָֽה׃
And from the half of the Bnei Yisroel, take one part out of fifty, of the people, cattle, donkeys, sheep, and of all the other animals, and give it to the Levites who are entrusted with the Mishkon of Adonoy.”
And from the half of the Bnei Yisroel, take one part out of fifty, of the people, cattle, donkeys, sheep, and of all the other animals, and give it to the Levites who are entrusted with the Mishkon of Adonoy.”
וַיַּעַשׂ מֹשֶׁה וְאֶלְעָזָר הַכֹּהֵן כַּאֲשֶׁר צִוָּה יְהֹוָה אֶת־מֹשֶֽׁה׃
Moshe and Elozor the kohein did as Adonoy commanded Moshe.
Moshe and Elozor the kohein did as Adonoy commanded Moshe.
וַֽיְהִי הַמַּלְקוֹחַ יֶתֶר הַבָּז אֲשֶׁר בָּזְזוּ עַם הַצָּבָא צֹאן שֵׁשׁ־מֵאוֹת אֶלֶף וְשִׁבְעִים אֶלֶף וַחֲמֵשֶׁת אֲלָפִֽים׃
The spoil was—in addition to the booty that was taken by the army: 675,000
The spoil was—in addition to the booty that was taken by the army: 675,000
Rashi
ויהי המלקוח יתר הבז. לְפִי שֶׁלֹּא נִצְטַוּוּ לְהָרִים מֶכֶס מִן הַמִּטַּלְטְלִין אֶלָּא מִן הַמַּלְקוֹחַ, כָּתַב אֶת הַלָּשׁוֹן הַזֶּה ויהי המלקוח, שֶׁבָּא לִכְלַל חֲלֻקָּה וְלִכְלַל מֶכֶס, שֶׁהָיָה עוֹדֵף עַל בַּז הַמִּטַּלְטְלִין אשר בזזו עם הצבא איש לו וְלֹא בָא לִכְלַל חֲלֻקָּה — מִסְפַּר הַצֹּאן וְגוֹ':
The spoil was — in addition to the booty. Because they were not commanded to contribute the tax from the moveable property, but from the spoil, the phrase was written this way. ‘the spoil, which would be included in the distribution and included in the tax, which remained after the plunder of personal property that the warriors plundered for themselves without distributing — [that spoil] was; the number of sheep, etc.’
וּבָקָר שְׁנַיִם וְשִׁבְעִים אָֽלֶף׃
72,000 cattle,
72,000 cattle,
וַחֲמֹרִים אֶחָד וְשִׁשִּׁים אָֽלֶף׃
61,000 donkeys,
61,000 donkeys,
וְנֶפֶשׁ אָדָם מִן־הַנָּשִׁים אֲשֶׁר לֹֽא־יָדְעוּ מִשְׁכַּב זָכָר כׇּל־נֶפֶשׁ שְׁנַיִם וּשְׁלֹשִׁים אָֽלֶף׃
And the number of women who did not have intimate relations with a man all the souls amounted to 32,000.
And the number of women who did not have intimate relations with a man all the souls amounted to 32,000.
וַתְּהִי הַֽמֶּחֱצָה חֵלֶק הַיֹּצְאִים בַּצָּבָא מִסְפַּר הַצֹּאן שְׁלֹשׁ־מֵאוֹת אֶלֶף וּשְׁלֹשִׁים אֶלֶף וְשִׁבְעַת אֲלָפִים וַחֲמֵשׁ מֵאֽוֹת׃
The half-portion of those who went in the army, the amount of sheep [was] 337,500
The half-portion of those who went in the army, the amount of sheep [was] 337,500
וַיְהִי הַמֶּכֶס לַֽיהֹוָה מִן־הַצֹּאן שֵׁשׁ מֵאוֹת חָמֵשׁ וְשִׁבְעִֽים׃
The tribute to Adonoy from the sheep, amounted to 675.
The tribute to Adonoy from the sheep, amounted to 675.
וְהַבָּקָר שִׁשָּׁה וּשְׁלֹשִׁים אָלֶף וּמִכְסָם לַיהֹוָה שְׁנַיִם וְשִׁבְעִֽים׃
From the 36,000 cattle the tribute to Adonoy amounted to 72.
From the 36,000 cattle the tribute to Adonoy amounted to 72.
וַחֲמֹרִים שְׁלֹשִׁים אֶלֶף וַחֲמֵשׁ מֵאוֹת וּמִכְסָם לַֽיהֹוָה אֶחָד וְשִׁשִּֽׁים׃
From the 30,500 donkeys the tribute to Adonoy amounted to 61.
From the 30,500 donkeys the tribute to Adonoy amounted to 61.
וְנֶפֶשׁ אָדָם שִׁשָּׁה עָשָׂר אָלֶף וּמִכְסָם לַֽיהֹוָה שְׁנַיִם וּשְׁלֹשִׁים נָֽפֶשׁ׃
From the 16,000 people the tribute to Adonoy amounted to 32 people.
From the 16,000 people the tribute to Adonoy amounted to 32 people.
וַיִּתֵּן מֹשֶׁה אֶת־מֶכֶס תְּרוּמַת יְהֹוָה לְאֶלְעָזָר הַכֹּהֵן כַּאֲשֶׁר צִוָּה יְהֹוָה אֶת־מֹשֶֽׁה׃
Moshe gave the tribute as a gift to Adonoy, to Elozor the kohein, as Adonoy had commanded Moshe.
Moshe gave the tribute as a gift to Adonoy, to Elozor the kohein, as Adonoy had commanded Moshe.
וּמִֽמַּחֲצִית בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל אֲשֶׁר חָצָה מֹשֶׁה מִן־הָאֲנָשִׁים הַצֹּבְאִֽים׃
From the half [designated] for Bnei Yisroel that Moshe divided from the men of the army:
From the half [designated] for Bnei Yisroel that Moshe divided from the men of the army:
Rashi
וממחצית בני ישראל אשר חצה משה. לָעֵדָה, וְהוֹצִיאָהּ לָהֶם מן האנשים הצבאים:
From the half [designated] for Bnei Yisroel that Moshe divided. For the community, by appropriating it for them from the military men.
וַתְּהִי מֶחֱצַת הָעֵדָה מִן־הַצֹּאן שְׁלֹשׁ־מֵאוֹת אֶלֶף וּשְׁלֹשִׁים אֶלֶף שִׁבְעַת אֲלָפִים וַחֲמֵשׁ מֵאֽוֹת׃
The community’s half consisted of 337,500 sheep,
The community’s half consisted of 337,500 sheep,
Rashi
ותהי מחצת העדה. כָּךְ וְכָךְ:
The community’s half consisted of. So much and so much.
וּבָקָר שִׁשָּׁה וּשְׁלֹשִׁים אָֽלֶף׃
36,000 cattle,
36,000 cattle,
וַחֲמֹרִים שְׁלֹשִׁים אֶלֶף וַחֲמֵשׁ מֵאֽוֹת׃
30,500 donkeys,
30,500 donkeys,
וְנֶפֶשׁ אָדָם שִׁשָּׁה עָשָׂר אָֽלֶף׃
and 16,000 people.
and 16,000 people.
וַיִּקַּח מֹשֶׁה מִמַּחֲצִת בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל אֶת־הָֽאָחֻז אֶחָד מִן־הַחֲמִשִּׁים מִן־הָאָדָם וּמִן־הַבְּהֵמָה וַיִּתֵּן אֹתָם לַלְוִיִּם שֹֽׁמְרֵי מִשְׁמֶרֶת מִשְׁכַּן יְהֹוָה כַּאֲשֶׁר צִוָּה יְהֹוָה אֶת־מֹשֶֽׁה׃
Moshe took from Bnei Yisroel’s half, one part out of the fifty, from the people and from the animals, and gave them to the Levites who are entrusted with the Mishkon of Adonoy; as Adonoy had commanded Moshe.
Moshe took from Bnei Yisroel’s half, one part out of the fifty, from the people and from the animals, and gave them to the Levites who are entrusted with the Mishkon of Adonoy; as Adonoy had commanded Moshe.
Rashi
ויקח משה וגו'.
Moshe took, etc.
וַֽיִּקְרְבוּ אֶל־מֹשֶׁה הַפְּקֻדִים אֲשֶׁר לְאַלְפֵי הַצָּבָא שָׂרֵי הָאֲלָפִים וְשָׂרֵי הַמֵּאֽוֹת׃
The army officers approached Moshe—the officers who were over divisions of the thousands and the officers of the thousands, and the officers of the hundreds.
The army officers approached Moshe—the officers who were over divisions of the thousands and the officers of the thousands, and the officers of the hundreds.
Rashi
הפקדים. הַמְמֻנִּים:
The officers. Those who were appointed.
וַיֹּֽאמְרוּ אֶל־מֹשֶׁה עֲבָדֶיךָ נָֽשְׂאוּ אֶת־רֹאשׁ אַנְשֵׁי הַמִּלְחָמָה אֲשֶׁר בְּיָדֵנוּ וְלֹא־נִפְקַד מִמֶּנּוּ אִֽישׁ׃
And they said to Moshe: “Your servants have taken a census of the soldiers who went out to war and not one of us is missing.
And they said to Moshe: “Your servants have taken a census of the soldiers who went out to war and not one of us is missing.
Rashi
ולא נפקד. לֹא נֶחְסַר, וְתַרְגּוּמוֹ "לָא שְׁגָא", אַף הוּא בִּלְשׁוֹן אֲרַמִי חִסָּרוֹן, כְּמוֹ "אָנֹכִי אֲחַטֶּנָּה" (בראשית ל"א) תַרְגּוּמוֹ "דַּהֲוַת שָׁגְיָא מִמִּנְיָנָא", וְכֵן "כִּי יִפָּקֵד מוֹשָׁבֶךָ" (שמואל א כ') — יֶחְסַר מְקוֹם מוֹשָׁבְךָ, אִישׁ הָרָגִיל לֵישֵׁב שָׁם, וְכֵן "וַיִּפָּקֵד מְקוֹם דָּוִד" (שם) — נֶחְסַר מְקוֹמוֹ וְאֵין אִישׁ יוֹשֵׁב שָׁם:
וְלֹא־נִפְקַד . Not [a man is] missing. Targum [Onkelos] renders לֹא שְׁגָא . This (שְׁגָא), too, denotes, in Aramaic, “missing,” like “I [will suffer] its loss,” rendered by Targum, דַּהֲוָת שָׁגְיָא מִמִּנְיָנָא, “whatever is missing from the tally.” Similarly, “for your seat will be missing” — your seating place will be missing, the one who usually sits there. Similarly, “ וַיִפָּקֵד מְקוֹם דָּוִד,” his place was missing — and no one was sitting there.
וַנַּקְרֵב אֶת־קׇרְבַּן יְהֹוָה אִישׁ אֲשֶׁר מָצָא כְלִֽי־זָהָב אֶצְעָדָה וְצָמִיד טַבַּעַת עָגִיל וְכוּמָז לְכַפֵּר עַל־נַפְשֹׁתֵינוּ לִפְנֵי יְהֹוָֽה׃
We have therefore brought an offering for Adonoy. Any man who found a gold article—an anklet, or a bracelet, a ring, earring or clasp [has dedicated it for Adonoy] to atone for ourselves before Adonoy.”
We have therefore brought an offering for Adonoy. Any man who found a gold article—an anklet, or a bracelet, a ring, earring or clasp [has dedicated it for Adonoy] to atone for ourselves before Adonoy.”
Rashi
אצעדה. אֵלּוּ צְמִידִים שֶׁל רֶגֶל:
Anklet. This refers to leg bands.
וצמיד. שֶׁל יָד:
Bracelet. On the arm.
עגיל. נִזְמֵי אֹזֶן:
Ring. Ear rings.
וכומז. דְּפוּס שֶׁל בֵּית הָרֶחֶם, לְכַפֵּר הִרְהוּר הַלֵּב שֶׁל בְּנוֹת מִדְיָן (שבת ס"ד):
Clasp. Shaped around the crotch, to atone for their sinful thoughts concerning the daughters of Midian.
וַיִּקַּח מֹשֶׁה וְאֶלְעָזָר הַכֹּהֵן אֶת־הַזָּהָב מֵֽאִתָּם כֹּל כְּלִי מַעֲשֶֽׂה׃
Moshe and Elozor the kohein took the gold from them, every fashioned article.
Moshe and Elozor the kohein took the gold from them, every fashioned article.
וַיְהִי ׀ כׇּל־זְהַב הַתְּרוּמָה אֲשֶׁר הֵרִימוּ לַֽיהֹוָה שִׁשָּׁה עָשָׂר אֶלֶף שְׁבַע־מֵאוֹת וַחֲמִשִּׁים שָׁקֶל מֵאֵת שָׂרֵי הָֽאֲלָפִים וּמֵאֵת שָׂרֵי הַמֵּאֽוֹת׃
All the gold of the offering that they set apart for Adonoy was 16,750 shekolim, from the officers who were over divisions of the thousands and from the officers who were over divisions of the hundreds.
All the gold of the offering that they set apart for Adonoy was 16,750 shekolim, from the officers who were over divisions of the thousands and from the officers who were over divisions of the hundreds.
אַנְשֵׁי הַצָּבָא בָּזְזוּ אִישׁ לֽוֹ׃
The men of war, took booty for themselves.
The men of war, took booty for themselves.
וַיִּקַּח מֹשֶׁה וְאֶלְעָזָר הַכֹּהֵן אֶת־הַזָּהָב מֵאֵת שָׂרֵי הָאֲלָפִים וְהַמֵּאוֹת וַיָּבִאוּ אֹתוֹ אֶל־אֹהֶל מוֹעֵד זִכָּרוֹן לִבְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל לִפְנֵי יְהֹוָֽה׃ {פ}
Moshe and Elozor the kohein took the gold from the officers who were over divisions of the thousands and the hundreds, and they brought it to the Tent of Meeting as a remembrance for Bnei Yisroel before Adonoy.
Moshe and Elozor the kohein took the gold from the officers who were over divisions of the thousands and the hundreds, and they brought it to the Tent of Meeting as a remembrance for Bnei Yisroel before Adonoy.
שא את ראש. קַח אֶת הַחֶשְׁבּוֹן:
Take count (lit. count the heads). Make an accounting.