Tanach
Bamidbar 32 במדבר ל״ב
Part of: MatotMatot, Aliyah 6Matot, Aliyah 7Petuchah, Numbers 32:1Petuchah, Numbers 32:20Setumah, Numbers 32:5Setumah, Numbers 32:16
Reading: Hebrew · Simple EnglishHebrew · Faithful translationHebrew onlyHebrew · Simple EnglishHebrew · Faithful translationHebrew onlySimple English onlyFaithful translation onlySide by sideRashi
וּמִקְנֶה ׀ רַב הָיָה לִבְנֵי רְאוּבֵן וְלִבְנֵי־גָד עָצוּם מְאֹד וַיִּרְאוּ אֶת־אֶרֶץ יַעְזֵר וְאֶת־אֶרֶץ גִּלְעָד וְהִנֵּה הַמָּקוֹם מְקוֹם מִקְנֶֽה׃
Very large herds belonged to the children (tribes) of Reuvein and Gad—[an] extremely large [number]; and they saw the land of Ya’zeir and the land of Gilad, and behold, the region was an area for livestock.
Very large herds belonged to the children (tribes) of Reuvein and Gad—[an] extremely large [number]; and they saw the land of Ya’zeir and the land of Gilad, and behold, the region was an area for livestock.
וַיָּבֹאוּ בְנֵֽי־גָד וּבְנֵי רְאוּבֵן וַיֹּאמְרוּ אֶל־מֹשֶׁה וְאֶל־אֶלְעָזָר הַכֹּהֵן וְאֶל־נְשִׂיאֵי הָעֵדָה לֵאמֹֽר׃
The tribes of Reuvein and Gad came and spoke to Moshe and to Elozor the kohein, and to the princes of the community, saying:
The tribes of Reuvein and Gad came and spoke to Moshe and to Elozor the kohein, and to the princes of the community, saying:
עֲטָרוֹת וְדִיבֹן וְיַעְזֵר וְנִמְרָה וְחֶשְׁבּוֹן וְאֶלְעָלֵה וּשְׂבָם וּנְבוֹ וּבְעֹֽן׃
“Ataros, Divon, Ya’zeir, Nimrah, Cheshbon, Elalei, Sevam, Nevo and Be’on,
“Ataros, Divon, Ya’zeir, Nimrah, Cheshbon, Elalei, Sevam, Nevo and Be’on,
Rashi
הָאָרֶץ אֲשֶׁר הִכָּה יְהֹוָה לִפְנֵי עֲדַת יִשְׂרָאֵל אֶרֶץ מִקְנֶה הִוא וְלַֽעֲבָדֶיךָ מִקְנֶֽה׃ {ס}
the land that Adonoy struck down before Bnei Yisroel, is an area for livestock; and your servants have livestock.”
the land that Adonoy struck down before Bnei Yisroel, is an area for livestock; and your servants have livestock.”
וַיֹּאמְרוּ אִם־מָצָאנוּ חֵן בְּעֵינֶיךָ יֻתַּן אֶת־הָאָרֶץ הַזֹּאת לַעֲבָדֶיךָ לַאֲחֻזָּה אַל־תַּעֲבִרֵנוּ אֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּֽן׃
They said: “If we have found favor in your eyes, let this land be given to your servants as a possession. Do not bring us over the Yardein.”
They said: “If we have found favor in your eyes, let this land be given to your servants as a possession. Do not bring us over the Yardein.”
וַיֹּאמֶר מֹשֶׁה לִבְנֵי־גָד וְלִבְנֵי רְאוּבֵן הַאַֽחֵיכֶם יָבֹאוּ לַמִּלְחָמָה וְאַתֶּם תֵּשְׁבוּ פֹֽה׃
Moshe said to the children (tribes) of Gad and Reuvein: “Should your brothers go out to war while you settle here?
Moshe said to the children (tribes) of Gad and Reuvein: “Should your brothers go out to war while you settle here?
Rashi
האחיכם. לְשׁוֹן תְּמִיהָה הוּא:
Should your brothers. This denotes a question.
וְלָמָּה (תנואון) [תְנִיאוּן] אֶת־לֵב בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל מֵֽעֲבֹר אֶל־הָאָרֶץ אֲשֶׁר־נָתַן לָהֶם יְהֹוָֽה׃
Why do you dishearten Bnei Yisroel from crossing over to the land that Adonoy has given them?
Why do you dishearten Bnei Yisroel from crossing over to the land that Adonoy has given them?
Rashi
ולמה תניאון. תָּסִירוּ וְתַמְנִיעוּ לִבָּם מֵעֲבֹר, שֶׁיִּהְיוּ סְבוּרִים שֶׁאַתֶּם יְרֵאִים לַעֲבֹר מִפְּנֵי הַמִּלְחָמָה וְחֹזֶק הֶעָרִים וְהָעָם:
Why do you dishearten. Turn aside and restrain their hearts from crossing, for they will think that you are afraid to cross because of the war, and the strength of the cities and the people.
כֹּה עָשׂוּ אֲבֹתֵיכֶם בְּשׇׁלְחִי אֹתָם מִקָּדֵשׁ בַּרְנֵעַ לִרְאוֹת אֶת־הָאָֽרֶץ׃
This is what your fathers did when I sent them from Kadeish Barnei’a to look at the land.
This is what your fathers did when I sent them from Kadeish Barnei’a to look at the land.
Rashi
מקדש ברנע. כָּךְ שְׁמָהּ, וּשְׁתֵּי קָדֵשׁ הָיוּ:
From Kadeish Barnei’a. This was its name. There were two places named Kadeish.
וַֽיַּעֲלוּ עַד־נַחַל אֶשְׁכּוֹל וַיִּרְאוּ אֶת־הָאָרֶץ וַיָּנִיאוּ אֶת־לֵב בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל לְבִלְתִּי־בֹא אֶל־הָאָרֶץ אֲשֶׁר־נָתַן לָהֶם יְהֹוָֽה׃
They went up to Nachal Eshkol and saw the land. They then disheartened Bnei Yisroel from coming into the land that Adonoy has given them.
They went up to Nachal Eshkol and saw the land. They then disheartened Bnei Yisroel from coming into the land that Adonoy has given them.
וַיִּֽחַר־אַף יְהֹוָה בַּיּוֹם הַהוּא וַיִּשָּׁבַע לֵאמֹֽר׃
Adonoy displayed His anger on that day and He swore, saying:
Adonoy displayed His anger on that day and He swore, saying:
אִם־יִרְאוּ הָאֲנָשִׁים הָעֹלִים מִמִּצְרַיִם מִבֶּן עֶשְׂרִים שָׁנָה וָמַעְלָה אֵת הָאֲדָמָה אֲשֶׁר נִשְׁבַּעְתִּי לְאַבְרָהָם לְיִצְחָק וּֽלְיַעֲקֹב כִּי לֹא־מִלְאוּ אַחֲרָֽי׃
’None of the men who came up from Egypt will see—those who are twenty years and above—the land that I swore to Avraham, Yitzchok and Yaakov, for they did not follow Me fully.
’None of the men who came up from Egypt will see—those who are twenty years and above—the land that I swore to Avraham, Yitzchok and Yaakov, for they did not follow Me fully.
בִּלְתִּי כָּלֵב בֶּן־יְפֻנֶּה הַקְּנִזִּי וִיהוֹשֻׁעַ בִּן־נוּן כִּי מִלְאוּ אַחֲרֵי יְהֹוָֽה׃
Except for Kaleiv, son of Yefuneh, the Kenizite, and Yehoshua, son of Nun, because they followed Adonoy fully.’
Except for Kaleiv, son of Yefuneh, the Kenizite, and Yehoshua, son of Nun, because they followed Adonoy fully.’
Rashi
הקנזי. חוֹרְגוֹ שֶׁל קְנַז הָיָה וְיָלְדָה לוֹ אִמּוֹ שֶׁל כָּלֵב אֶת עָתְנִיאֵל (סוטה י"א):
The Kenizite. He was Kaleiv’s stepfather, to whom Kaleiv’s mother bore Osniel.
וַיִּֽחַר־אַף יְהֹוָה בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל וַיְנִעֵם בַּמִּדְבָּר אַרְבָּעִים שָׁנָה עַד־תֹּם כׇּל־הַדּוֹר הָעֹשֶׂה הָרַע בְּעֵינֵי יְהֹוָֽה׃
Adonoy displayed anger against Yisroel and He made them wander in the wilderness for forty years, until the end (death) of the entire generation that had done evil in the eyes of Adonoy.
Adonoy displayed anger against Yisroel and He made them wander in the wilderness for forty years, until the end (death) of the entire generation that had done evil in the eyes of Adonoy.
Rashi
וינעם. וַיְטַלְטְלֵם, מִן "נָע וָנָד" (בראשית ד):
He made them wander. He moved them about, as in “a wanderer and vagrant”
וְהִנֵּה קַמְתֶּם תַּחַת אֲבֹתֵיכֶם תַּרְבּוּת אֲנָשִׁים חַטָּאִים לִסְפּוֹת עוֹד עַל חֲרוֹן אַף־יְהֹוָה אֶל־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃
Behold, you have now risen in the place of your fathers as a group of sinners, to add to the wrath of Adonoy against Yisroel.
Behold, you have now risen in the place of your fathers as a group of sinners, to add to the wrath of Adonoy against Yisroel.
Rashi
לספות. כְּמוֹ "סְפוּ שָׁנָה עַל שָׁנָה" (ישעיהו כ"ט), "עֹלוֹתֵיכֶם סְפוּ" וְגוֹ' (ירמיהו ז'), לְשׁוֹן תּוֹסֶפֶת:
To add. As in “add a year to a year,” “add your burnt-offerings, etc.” The word denotes addition.
כִּי תְשׁוּבֻן מֵֽאַחֲרָיו וְיָסַף עוֹד לְהַנִּיחוֹ בַּמִּדְבָּר וְשִֽׁחַתֶּם לְכׇל־הָעָם הַזֶּֽה׃ {ס}
If you will turn away from following Him, He will again place them in the wilderness. and you will destroy this entire nation.”
If you will turn away from following Him, He will again place them in the wilderness. and you will destroy this entire nation.”
וַיִּגְּשׁוּ אֵלָיו וַיֹּאמְרוּ גִּדְרֹת צֹאן נִבְנֶה לְמִקְנֵנוּ פֹּה וְעָרִים לְטַפֵּֽנוּ׃
They (the tribes of Reuvein and Gad) approached him (Moshe) and said: “We will build enclosures for our flocks here and cities for our children.
They (the tribes of Reuvein and Gad) approached him (Moshe) and said: “We will build enclosures for our flocks here and cities for our children.
Rashi
נבנה למקננו פה. חָסִים הָיוּ עַל מָמוֹנָם יוֹתֵר מִבְּנֵיהֶם וּבְנוֹתֵיהֶם, שֶׁהִקְדִּימוּ מִקְנֵיהֶם לְטַפָּם. אָמַר לָהֶם מֹשֶׁה "לֹא כֵן, עֲשׂוּ הָעִקָּר עִקָּר וְהַטָּפֵל טָפֵל, בְּנוּ לָכֶם תְּחִלָּה עָרִים לְטַפְּכֶם וְאַחַר כֵּן גְּדֵרוֹת לְצֹאנְכֶם" (תנחומא):
We will build [enclosures] for our flocks here. They were more concerned over their property than [over] their sons and daughters, for they gave precedence to their flocks over their children. Moshe said to them, ‘not so! Treat what is of major importance as such, and what is secondary as such. First build yourselves cities for your children, and afterward pens for your flocks.’
וַאֲנַחְנוּ נֵחָלֵץ חֻשִׁים לִפְנֵי בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל עַד אֲשֶׁר אִם־הֲבִֽיאֹנֻם אֶל־מְקוֹמָם וְיָשַׁב טַפֵּנוּ בְּעָרֵי הַמִּבְצָר מִפְּנֵי יֹשְׁבֵי הָאָֽרֶץ׃
We will then arm ourselves rapidly, and will be ready to go before Bnei Yisroel until we have brought them to their place. Our children will dwell in fortified cities because of the inhabitants of the land.
We will then arm ourselves rapidly, and will be ready to go before Bnei Yisroel until we have brought them to their place. Our children will dwell in fortified cities because of the inhabitants of the land.
Rashi
ואנחנו נחלץ חשים. נִזְדַּיֵּן מְהִירִים, כְּמוֹ "מַהֵר שָׁלָל חָשׁ בַּז" (ישעיהו ח'), "יְמַהֵר יָחִישָׁה" (שם ה'):
We will then arm ourselves rapidly. We will arm ourselves quickly, as in “quicken the spoil, hasten the plunder,” “let him hurry, hasten [his actions].”
לפני בני ישראל. בְּרָאשֵׁי גְּיָסוֹת, מִתּוֹךְ שֶׁגִּבּוֹרִים הָיוּ, שֶׁכֵּן נֶאֱמַר בְּגָד (דברים ל"ג) "וְטָרַף זְרוֹעַ אַף קָדְקֹד"; וְאַף מֹשֶׁה חָזַר וּפֵרֵשׁ לָהֶם בְּאֵלֶּה הַדְּבָרִים (דברים ג') "וָאֲצַו אֶתְכֶם בָּעֵת הַהִוא וְגוֹ' חֲלוּצִים תַּעַבְרוּ לִפְנֵי אֲחֵיכֶם בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל כָּל בְּנֵי חָיִל", וּבִירִיחוֹ כְּתִיב (יהושע ו') "וְהֶחָלוּץ עוֹבֵר (הֹלֵךְ) לִפְנֵיהֶם" — זֶה רְאוּבֵן וְגָד שֶׁקִּיְּמוּ תְנָאָם:
Before Bnei Yisroel. At the head of the armies, since they were great warriors, as it is said concerning Gad, “he shall tear arms, skulls as well.” Moshe, too, reiterated specifically to them, in “These are the words”: “I commanded you at that time, etc., go forth armed before your brothers, Bnei Yisroel, all [you] great warriors.” And at Yericho it is written, “the armed force went before them” — they were [the sons of] Reuven and Gad, who fulfilled their condition.
וישב טפנו. בְּעוֹדֵנוּ אֵצֶל אַחֵינוּ:
Our children will dwell. When we are with our brothers.
בערי המבצר. שֶׁנִּבְנֶה עַכְשָׁו:
In fortified cities. Which we shall build now.
לֹא נָשׁוּב אֶל־בָּתֵּינוּ עַד הִתְנַחֵל בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל אִישׁ נַחֲלָתֽוֹ׃
We will not return to our homes until each person of Bnei Yisroel takes possession of his hereditary property.
We will not return to our homes until each person of Bnei Yisroel takes possession of his hereditary property.
כִּי לֹא נִנְחַל אִתָּם מֵעֵבֶר לַיַּרְדֵּן וָהָלְאָה כִּי בָאָה נַחֲלָתֵנוּ אֵלֵינוּ מֵעֵבֶר הַיַּרְדֵּן מִזְרָֽחָה׃ {פ}
But we do not want to take possession with them across the Yardein and beyond, for, our inheritance came to us to the east of the Yardein.”
But we do not want to take possession with them across the Yardein and beyond, for, our inheritance came to us to the east of the Yardein.”
Rashi
מעבר לירדן והלאה. בָּעֵבֶר הַמַּעֲרָבִי:
Across the Yardein and beyond. On the western bank.
כי באה נחלתנו. כְּבָר קִבַּלְנוּהָ בָּעֵבֶר הַמִּזְרָחִי:
For, our inheritance came to us. We have already received it, on the eastern bank.
וַיֹּאמֶר אֲלֵיהֶם מֹשֶׁה אִֽם־תַּעֲשׂוּן אֶת־הַדָּבָר הַזֶּה אִם־תֵּחָלְצוּ לִפְנֵי יְהֹוָה לַמִּלְחָמָֽה׃
Moshe said to them: “If you will do this, if you will arm yourselves before Adonoy and go forth to the war,
Moshe said to them: “If you will do this, if you will arm yourselves before Adonoy and go forth to the war,
וְעָבַר לָכֶם כׇּל־חָלוּץ אֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּן לִפְנֵי יְהֹוָה עַד הוֹרִישׁוֹ אֶת־אֹיְבָיו מִפָּנָֽיו׃
and every armed man will cross the Yardein, before Adonoy, until He has driven His enemies before Him,
and every armed man will cross the Yardein, before Adonoy, until He has driven His enemies before Him,
וְנִכְבְּשָׁה הָאָרֶץ לִפְנֵי יְהֹוָה וְאַחַר תָּשֻׁבוּ וִהְיִיתֶם נְקִיִּם מֵיְהֹוָה וּמִיִּשְׂרָאֵל וְהָיְתָה הָאָרֶץ הַזֹּאת לָכֶם לַאֲחֻזָּה לִפְנֵי יְהֹוָֽה׃
and the land is conquered before Adonoy—afterwards you will return. You will then be vindicated from Adonoy and from Yisroel, and this land will become yours permanently, before Adonoy.
and the land is conquered before Adonoy—afterwards you will return. You will then be vindicated from Adonoy and from Yisroel, and this land will become yours permanently, before Adonoy.
וְאִם־לֹא תַעֲשׂוּן כֵּן הִנֵּה חֲטָאתֶם לַיהֹוָה וּדְעוּ חַטַּאתְכֶם אֲשֶׁר תִּמְצָא אֶתְכֶֽם׃
But if you will not do this, behold, you will have sinned against Adonoy and you must realize that your sin will find you!
But if you will not do this, behold, you will have sinned against Adonoy and you must realize that your sin will find you!
בְּנֽוּ־לָכֶם עָרִים לְטַפְּכֶם וּגְדֵרֹת לְצֹנַאֲכֶם וְהַיֹּצֵא מִפִּיכֶם תַּעֲשֽׂוּ׃
Build for yourselves cities for your children and enclosures for your sheep. But what you have expressed verbally, you must fulfill.”
Build for yourselves cities for your children and enclosures for your sheep. But what you have expressed verbally, you must fulfill.”
Rashi
לצנאכם. תֵּבָה זוֹ מִגִּזְרַת "צֹנֶה וַאֲלָפִים כֻּלָּם" (תהלים ח') שֶׁאֵין בּוֹ אָלֶ"ף מַפְסִיק בֵּין נוּ"ן לַצָּדִ"י, וְאָלֶ"ף שֶׁבָּא כָאן אַחַר הַנּוּ"ן בִּמְקוֹם הֵ"א שֶׁל צֹנֶה הוּא; מִיסוֹדוֹ שֶׁל רַ' מֹשֶׁה הַדַּרְשָׁן לָמַדְתִּי כֵן:
For your sheep. This word is conjugated from 'צֹנֶה', “all the sheep and cattle.” It does not have the “ אָלֶ"ף “ intervening between the “ נוּ"ן “ and “ צָדִ"י “ and the “ אָלֶ"ף “ which appears here after the “ נּוּ"ן “ is instead of the “ הֵ"א “ of צֹנֶה . I learned this from R’ Moshe Hadarshan’s commentary.
והיצא מפיכם תעשו. לְגָבוֹהַּ, שֶׁקִּבַּלְתֶּם עֲלֵיכֶם לַעֲבֹר לַמִּלְחָמָה עַד כִּבּוּשׁ וְחִלּוּק, שֶׁמֹּשֶׁה לֹא בִּקֵּשׁ מֵהֶם אֶלָּא "וְנִכְבְּשָׁה … וְאַחַר תָּשׁוּבוּ" וְהֵם קִבְּלוּ עֲלֵיהֶם "עַד הִתְנַחֵל", הֲרֵי הוֹסִיפוּ לְהִתְעַכֵּב שֶׁבַע שֶׁחָלְקוּ, וְכֵן עָשׂוּ:
But what you have expressed verbally, you must fulfill. For the sake of Heaven, as you pledged to cross and do battle until the conquest and apportionment [of the land]. Moshe had only requested of them, “the land will be conquered, etc. and after you may return” but they pledged “until [Bnei Yisroel] have inherited” — so they added that they would remain for the seven years of apportionment, and they did so.
וַיֹּאמֶר בְּנֵי־גָד וּבְנֵי רְאוּבֵן אֶל־מֹשֶׁה לֵאמֹר עֲבָדֶיךָ יַעֲשׂוּ כַּאֲשֶׁר אֲדֹנִי מְצַוֶּֽה׃
The tribe of Gad and Reuvein said to Moshe saying: “Your servants will do as my master instructs.
The tribe of Gad and Reuvein said to Moshe saying: “Your servants will do as my master instructs.
Rashi
ויאמר בני גד. כֻּלָּם כְּאִישׁ אֶחָד:
The tribe of Gad said. All of them as one man.
טַפֵּנוּ נָשֵׁינוּ מִקְנֵנוּ וְכׇל־בְּהֶמְתֵּנוּ יִֽהְיוּ־שָׁם בְּעָרֵי הַגִּלְעָֽד׃
Our children, wives, cattle and all livestock will remain there in the cities of Gil’ad.
Our children, wives, cattle and all livestock will remain there in the cities of Gil’ad.
וַעֲבָדֶיךָ יַֽעַבְרוּ כׇּל־חֲלוּץ צָבָא לִפְנֵי יְהֹוָה לַמִּלְחָמָה כַּאֲשֶׁר אֲדֹנִי דֹּבֵֽר׃
And your servants will cross over—all those in the army—before Adonoy, to the war, as my master commands.”
And your servants will cross over—all those in the army—before Adonoy, to the war, as my master commands.”
וַיְצַו לָהֶם מֹשֶׁה אֵת אֶלְעָזָר הַכֹּהֵן וְאֵת יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בִּן־נוּן וְאֶת־רָאשֵׁי אֲבוֹת הַמַּטּוֹת לִבְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃
Moshe commanded to them, Elozor the kohein, Yehoshua, son of Nun, and the heads of the tribes of Bnei Yisroel.
Moshe commanded to them, Elozor the kohein, Yehoshua, son of Nun, and the heads of the tribes of Bnei Yisroel.
Rashi
ויצו להם. כְּמוֹ עֲלֵיהֶם, וְעַל תְּנָאָם מִנָּה אֶלְעָזָר וִיהוֹשֻׁעַ, כְּמוֹ "ה' יִלָּחֵם לָכֶם" (שמות י"ד):
[Moshe] commanded, to them. Like עֲלֵיהֶם, concerning them and their stipulation, he appointed Elozor and Yehoshua, as in “God will fight for you.”
וַיֹּאמֶר מֹשֶׁה אֲלֵהֶם אִם־יַעַבְרוּ בְנֵי־גָד וּבְנֵי־רְאוּבֵן ׀ אִתְּכֶם אֶֽת־הַיַּרְדֵּן כׇּל־חָלוּץ לַמִּלְחָמָה לִפְנֵי יְהֹוָה וְנִכְבְּשָׁה הָאָרֶץ לִפְנֵיכֶם וּנְתַתֶּם לָהֶם אֶת־אֶרֶץ הַגִּלְעָד לַאֲחֻזָּֽה׃
Moshe said to them: “If the tribe of Gad and Reuvein will cross the Yardein with you, every man that is armed for battle before Adonoy, and the land is conquered before you, you shall give them the land of Gil’ad as a permanent possession.
Moshe said to them: “If the tribe of Gad and Reuvein will cross the Yardein with you, every man that is armed for battle before Adonoy, and the land is conquered before you, you shall give them the land of Gil’ad as a permanent possession.
וְאִם־לֹא יַֽעַבְרוּ חֲלוּצִים אִתְּכֶם וְנֹֽאחֲזוּ בְתֹכְכֶם בְּאֶרֶץ כְּנָֽעַן׃
But if they do not cross over with you, armed for battle, then they shall take possession among you in the land of Canaan.”
But if they do not cross over with you, armed for battle, then they shall take possession among you in the land of Canaan.”
וַיַּֽעֲנוּ בְנֵי־גָד וּבְנֵי רְאוּבֵן לֵאמֹר אֵת אֲשֶׁר דִּבֶּר יְהֹוָה אֶל־עֲבָדֶיךָ כֵּן נַעֲשֶֽׂה׃
The tribes of Gad and Reuvein answered, saying: “As Adonoy has spoken to your servants, so shall we do.
The tribes of Gad and Reuvein answered, saying: “As Adonoy has spoken to your servants, so shall we do.
נַחְנוּ נַעֲבֹר חֲלוּצִים לִפְנֵי יְהֹוָה אֶרֶץ כְּנָעַן וְאִתָּנוּ אֲחֻזַּת נַחֲלָתֵנוּ מֵעֵבֶר לַיַּרְדֵּֽן׃
We will cross over armed for battle before Adonoy, to the land of Canaan, and we shall [then] have our permanent inheritance on this side of the Yardein.”
We will cross over armed for battle before Adonoy, to the land of Canaan, and we shall [then] have our permanent inheritance on this side of the Yardein.”
Rashi
ואתנו אחזת נחלתנו. כְּלוֹמַר בְּיָדֵינוּ וּבִרְשׁוּתֵנוּ תְהִי אֲחֻזַּת נַחֲלָתֵנוּ מֵעֵבֶר הַזֶּה:
And we shall [then] have our permanent inheritance. As if to say, ‘in our hands, in our possession, will be our hereditary territory on this side.’
וַיִּתֵּן לָהֶם ׀ מֹשֶׁה לִבְנֵי־גָד וְלִבְנֵי רְאוּבֵן וְלַחֲצִי ׀ שֵׁבֶט ׀ מְנַשֶּׁה בֶן־יוֹסֵף אֶת־מַמְלֶכֶת סִיחֹן מֶלֶךְ הָֽאֱמֹרִי וְאֶת־מַמְלֶכֶת עוֹג מֶלֶךְ הַבָּשָׁן הָאָרֶץ לְעָרֶיהָ בִּגְבֻלֹת עָרֵי הָאָרֶץ סָבִֽיב׃
Moshe gave to them—to the tribe of Gad, to the tribe of Reuvein and to half the tribe of Menashe son of Yoseif—the empire of Sichon, king of the Emorites and the empire of Og, king of the Bashan, the land along with the cities within their borders, even the cities of the surrounding land.
Moshe gave to them—to the tribe of Gad, to the tribe of Reuvein and to half the tribe of Menashe son of Yoseif—the empire of Sichon, king of the Emorites and the empire of Og, king of the Bashan, the land along with the cities within their borders, even the cities of the surrounding land.
וַיִּבְנוּ בְנֵי־גָד אֶת־דִּיבֹן וְאֶת־עֲטָרֹת וְאֵת עֲרֹעֵֽר׃
The sons of Gad built up Divon, Ataros, Aro’eir,
The sons of Gad built up Divon, Ataros, Aro’eir,
וְאֶת־עַטְרֹת שׁוֹפָן וְאֶת־יַעְזֵר וְיׇגְבְּהָֽה׃
Atros Shofan, Yazeir, Yogbehah,
Atros Shofan, Yazeir, Yogbehah,
וְאֶת־בֵּית נִמְרָה וְאֶת־בֵּית הָרָן עָרֵי מִבְצָר וְגִדְרֹת צֹֽאן׃
Beis Nimrah, and Beis Haran as fortified cities and sheep pens.
Beis Nimrah, and Beis Haran as fortified cities and sheep pens.
Rashi
ערי מבצר וגדרת צאן. זֶה סוֹף פָּסוּק מוּסָב עַל תְּחִלַּת הָעִנְיָן — וַיִּבְנוּ בְנֵי גָד אֶת הֶעָרִים הַלָּלוּ לִהְיוֹת עָרֵי מִבְצָר וְגִדְרֹת צֹאן:
Fortified cities and sheep pens. The end of this passage is related to the begning ofhe subject — “the sons of Gad built” these cities, to serve as fortified cities and sheep pens.
וּבְנֵי רְאוּבֵן בָּנוּ אֶת־חֶשְׁבּוֹן וְאֶת־אֶלְעָלֵא וְאֵת קִרְיָתָֽיִם׃
The tribe of Reuvein built up Cheshbon, El’alei, Kiryasayim,
The tribe of Reuvein built up Cheshbon, El’alei, Kiryasayim,
וְאֶת־נְבוֹ וְאֶת־בַּעַל מְעוֹן מֽוּסַבֹּת שֵׁם וְאֶת־שִׂבְמָה וַיִּקְרְאוּ בְשֵׁמֹת אֶת־שְׁמוֹת הֶעָרִים אֲשֶׁר בָּנֽוּ׃
Nevo, Ba’al Me’on—their names having been changed, and Sivmah. They retained the names of the other cities that they built.
Nevo, Ba’al Me’on—their names having been changed, and Sivmah. They retained the names of the other cities that they built.
Rashi
ואת נבו ואת בעל מעון מוסבת שם. נְבוֹ וּבַעַל מְעוֹן שְׁמוֹת עֲ"זָ הֵם, וְהָיוּ הָאֱמוֹרִיִּים קוֹרִים עָרֵיהֶם עַל שֵׁם עֲ"זָ שֶׁלָּהֶם, וּבְנֵי רְאוּבֵן הֵסֵבּוּ אֶת שְׁמָם לְשֵׁמוֹת אֲחֵרִים, וְזֶהוּ מוסבת שם — נְבוֹ וּבַעַל מְעוֹן מוּסַבּוֹת לְשֵׁם אַחֵר:
Nevo, Ba’al Me’on, their names having been changed. Nevo and Ba’al Meon were names of idols. The Emorites would name their cities after their idols, so the sons of Reuven changed their names in favor of other names. This is the meaning of “their names having been changed” — Nevo and Ba’al Me’on were turned aside in favor of a different name.
ואת שבמה. בָּנוּ שִׂבְמָה, וְהִיא שְׂבָם הָאֲמוּרָה לְמַעְלָה:
And Sivmah. They built Sivmah. This is Sevam mentioned above.
וַיֵּלְכוּ בְּנֵי מָכִיר בֶּן־מְנַשֶּׁה גִּלְעָדָה וַֽיִּלְכְּדֻהָ וַיּוֹרֶשׁ אֶת־הָאֱמֹרִי אֲשֶׁר־בָּֽהּ׃
The sons of Machir, son of Menashe, went to Gil’ad and captured it, and drove out the Amorites who were in it.
The sons of Machir, son of Menashe, went to Gil’ad and captured it, and drove out the Amorites who were in it.
Rashi
ויורש. כְּתַרְגּוּמוֹ "וְתָרִיךְ", שֶׁתֵּבַת ריש מְשַׁמֶּשֶׁת שְׁתֵּי מַחֲלָקוֹת, לְשׁוֹן יְרֻשָּׁה וּלְשׁוֹן הוֹרָשָׁה שֶׁהוּא טֵרוּד וְתֵרוּךְ:
And drove out. As Targum [Onkelos] renders, וְתָרִיךְ, “and ousted,” for the word יָרֹשׁ may be used in two ways, to denote inheritance, or to denote ousting, meaning driving out, expelling.
וַיִּתֵּן מֹשֶׁה אֶת־הַגִּלְעָד לְמָכִיר בֶּן־מְנַשֶּׁה וַיֵּשֶׁב בָּֽהּ׃
Moshe gave the Gil’ad to Machir, son of Menashe, and he settled in it.
Moshe gave the Gil’ad to Machir, son of Menashe, and he settled in it.
וְיָאִיר בֶּן־מְנַשֶּׁה הָלַךְ וַיִּלְכֹּד אֶת־חַוֺּתֵיהֶם וַיִּקְרָא אֶתְהֶן חַוֺּת יָאִֽיר׃
Yair, son of Menashe, went and conquered their villages and called them Chavos Yair.
Yair, son of Menashe, went and conquered their villages and called them Chavos Yair.
Rashi
חותיהם. כַּפְרָנֵיהוֹן:
Villages. כַּפְרְנֵיהוֹן, their villages.
ויקרא אתהן חות יאיר. לְפִי שֶׁלֹּא הָיוּ לוֹ בָנִים קְרָאַתָם בִּשְׁמוֹ לְזִכָּרוֹן:
And [he] called them Chavos Yair. Because he had no children, he called them by his name, as a memorial.
וְנֹבַח הָלַךְ וַיִּלְכֹּד אֶת־קְנָת וְאֶת־בְּנֹתֶיהָ וַיִּקְרָא לָהֿ נֹבַח בִּשְׁמֽוֹ׃ {פ}
Novach went and conquered Kenas and its suburbs, and called it Novach, after his own name.
Novach went and conquered Kenas and its suburbs, and called it Novach, after his own name.
Rashi
ויקרא לה נבח. "לָה" אֵינוֹ מַפִּיק הֵ"א, וְרָאִיתִי בִיסוֹדוֹ שֶׁל רַ' מֹשֶׁה הַדַּרְשָׁן לְפִי שֶׁלֹּא נִתְקַיֵּם לָהּ שֵׁם זֶה לְפִיכָךְ הוּא רָפֶה, שֶׁמַּשְׁמָעוּת מִדְרָשׁוֹ כְּמוֹ לֹא; וּתְמֵהַנִי מַה יִּדְרֹשׁ בִּשְׁתֵּי תֵבוֹת הַדּוֹמוֹת לָהּ "וַיֹּאמֶר לָה בֹעַז" (רות ב'), "לִבְנוֹת לָה בַיִת" (זכריה ה'):
And [he] called it Novach. לָה does not have a dot in its ה . I saw in R’ Moshe Hadarshan’s commentary: Because this name did not endure, it is therefore silent, implying that it is to be expounded as לָא, “not” [Novach]. But I wonder how he (R’ Moshe) would expound two similar words, וַיֹאמֶר 'לָה' בֹעַז, “Boaz said to her,” לִבְנוֹת לָה בַיִת, “to build her a house.”
Where next
Keep reading
- Chapter 31
- Chapter 33
- Matot Parsha
עטרות ודיבן וגו'. מֵאֶרֶץ סִיחוֹן וְעוֹג הָיוּ:
Ataros, Divon, etc. They were part of the land of Sichon and Og.