Bamidbar
Matot, Aliyah 7 מטות, שביעי
Part of: MatotMatot, Aliyah 7Chapter 32
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Bamidbar 32
וַיֹּאמֶר אֲלֵיהֶם מֹשֶׁה אִֽם־תַּעֲשׂוּן אֶת־הַדָּבָר הַזֶּה אִם־תֵּחָלְצוּ לִפְנֵי יְהֹוָה לַמִּלְחָמָֽה׃
Moshe said to them: “If you will do this, if you will arm yourselves before Adonoy and go forth to the war,
Moshe said to them: “If you will do this, if you will arm yourselves before Adonoy and go forth to the war,
וְעָבַר לָכֶם כׇּל־חָלוּץ אֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּן לִפְנֵי יְהֹוָה עַד הוֹרִישׁוֹ אֶת־אֹיְבָיו מִפָּנָֽיו׃
and every armed man will cross the Yardein, before Adonoy, until He has driven His enemies before Him,
and every armed man will cross the Yardein, before Adonoy, until He has driven His enemies before Him,
וְנִכְבְּשָׁה הָאָרֶץ לִפְנֵי יְהֹוָה וְאַחַר תָּשֻׁבוּ וִהְיִיתֶם נְקִיִּם מֵיְהֹוָה וּמִיִּשְׂרָאֵל וְהָיְתָה הָאָרֶץ הַזֹּאת לָכֶם לַאֲחֻזָּה לִפְנֵי יְהֹוָֽה׃
and the land is conquered before Adonoy—afterwards you will return. You will then be vindicated from Adonoy and from Yisroel, and this land will become yours permanently, before Adonoy.
and the land is conquered before Adonoy—afterwards you will return. You will then be vindicated from Adonoy and from Yisroel, and this land will become yours permanently, before Adonoy.
וְאִם־לֹא תַעֲשׂוּן כֵּן הִנֵּה חֲטָאתֶם לַיהֹוָה וּדְעוּ חַטַּאתְכֶם אֲשֶׁר תִּמְצָא אֶתְכֶֽם׃
But if you will not do this, behold, you will have sinned against Adonoy and you must realize that your sin will find you!
But if you will not do this, behold, you will have sinned against Adonoy and you must realize that your sin will find you!
בְּנֽוּ־לָכֶם עָרִים לְטַפְּכֶם וּגְדֵרֹת לְצֹנַאֲכֶם וְהַיֹּצֵא מִפִּיכֶם תַּעֲשֽׂוּ׃
Build for yourselves cities for your children and enclosures for your sheep. But what you have expressed verbally, you must fulfill.”
Build for yourselves cities for your children and enclosures for your sheep. But what you have expressed verbally, you must fulfill.”
Rashi
והיצא מפיכם תעשו. לְגָבוֹהַּ, שֶׁקִּבַּלְתֶּם עֲלֵיכֶם לַעֲבֹר לַמִּלְחָמָה עַד כִּבּוּשׁ וְחִלּוּק, שֶׁמֹּשֶׁה לֹא בִּקֵּשׁ מֵהֶם אֶלָּא "וְנִכְבְּשָׁה … וְאַחַר תָּשׁוּבוּ" וְהֵם קִבְּלוּ עֲלֵיהֶם "עַד הִתְנַחֵל", הֲרֵי הוֹסִיפוּ לְהִתְעַכֵּב שֶׁבַע שֶׁחָלְקוּ, וְכֵן עָשׂוּ:
But what you have expressed verbally, you must fulfill. For the sake of Heaven, as you pledged to cross and do battle until the conquest and apportionment [of the land]. Moshe had only requested of them, “the land will be conquered, etc. and after you may return” but they pledged “until [Bnei Yisroel] have inherited” — so they added that they would remain for the seven years of apportionment, and they did so.
וַיֹּאמֶר בְּנֵי־גָד וּבְנֵי רְאוּבֵן אֶל־מֹשֶׁה לֵאמֹר עֲבָדֶיךָ יַעֲשׂוּ כַּאֲשֶׁר אֲדֹנִי מְצַוֶּֽה׃
The tribe of Gad and Reuvein said to Moshe saying: “Your servants will do as my master instructs.
The tribe of Gad and Reuvein said to Moshe saying: “Your servants will do as my master instructs.
Rashi
ויאמר בני גד. כֻּלָּם כְּאִישׁ אֶחָד:
The tribe of Gad said. All of them as one man.
טַפֵּנוּ נָשֵׁינוּ מִקְנֵנוּ וְכׇל־בְּהֶמְתֵּנוּ יִֽהְיוּ־שָׁם בְּעָרֵי הַגִּלְעָֽד׃
Our children, wives, cattle and all livestock will remain there in the cities of Gil’ad.
Our children, wives, cattle and all livestock will remain there in the cities of Gil’ad.
וַעֲבָדֶיךָ יַֽעַבְרוּ כׇּל־חֲלוּץ צָבָא לִפְנֵי יְהֹוָה לַמִּלְחָמָה כַּאֲשֶׁר אֲדֹנִי דֹּבֵֽר׃
And your servants will cross over—all those in the army—before Adonoy, to the war, as my master commands.”
And your servants will cross over—all those in the army—before Adonoy, to the war, as my master commands.”
וַיְצַו לָהֶם מֹשֶׁה אֵת אֶלְעָזָר הַכֹּהֵן וְאֵת יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בִּן־נוּן וְאֶת־רָאשֵׁי אֲבוֹת הַמַּטּוֹת לִבְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃
Moshe commanded to them, Elozor the kohein, Yehoshua, son of Nun, and the heads of the tribes of Bnei Yisroel.
Moshe commanded to them, Elozor the kohein, Yehoshua, son of Nun, and the heads of the tribes of Bnei Yisroel.
Rashi
ויצו להם. כְּמוֹ עֲלֵיהֶם, וְעַל תְּנָאָם מִנָּה אֶלְעָזָר וִיהוֹשֻׁעַ, כְּמוֹ "ה' יִלָּחֵם לָכֶם" (שמות י"ד):
[Moshe] commanded, to them. Like עֲלֵיהֶם, concerning them and their stipulation, he appointed Elozor and Yehoshua, as in “God will fight for you.”
וַיֹּאמֶר מֹשֶׁה אֲלֵהֶם אִם־יַעַבְרוּ בְנֵי־גָד וּבְנֵי־רְאוּבֵן ׀ אִתְּכֶם אֶֽת־הַיַּרְדֵּן כׇּל־חָלוּץ לַמִּלְחָמָה לִפְנֵי יְהֹוָה וְנִכְבְּשָׁה הָאָרֶץ לִפְנֵיכֶם וּנְתַתֶּם לָהֶם אֶת־אֶרֶץ הַגִּלְעָד לַאֲחֻזָּֽה׃
Moshe said to them: “If the tribe of Gad and Reuvein will cross the Yardein with you, every man that is armed for battle before Adonoy, and the land is conquered before you, you shall give them the land of Gil’ad as a permanent possession.
Moshe said to them: “If the tribe of Gad and Reuvein will cross the Yardein with you, every man that is armed for battle before Adonoy, and the land is conquered before you, you shall give them the land of Gil’ad as a permanent possession.
וְאִם־לֹא יַֽעַבְרוּ חֲלוּצִים אִתְּכֶם וְנֹֽאחֲזוּ בְתֹכְכֶם בְּאֶרֶץ כְּנָֽעַן׃
But if they do not cross over with you, armed for battle, then they shall take possession among you in the land of Canaan.”
But if they do not cross over with you, armed for battle, then they shall take possession among you in the land of Canaan.”
וַיַּֽעֲנוּ בְנֵי־גָד וּבְנֵי רְאוּבֵן לֵאמֹר אֵת אֲשֶׁר דִּבֶּר יְהֹוָה אֶל־עֲבָדֶיךָ כֵּן נַעֲשֶֽׂה׃
The tribes of Gad and Reuvein answered, saying: “As Adonoy has spoken to your servants, so shall we do.
The tribes of Gad and Reuvein answered, saying: “As Adonoy has spoken to your servants, so shall we do.
נַחְנוּ נַעֲבֹר חֲלוּצִים לִפְנֵי יְהֹוָה אֶרֶץ כְּנָעַן וְאִתָּנוּ אֲחֻזַּת נַחֲלָתֵנוּ מֵעֵבֶר לַיַּרְדֵּֽן׃
We will cross over armed for battle before Adonoy, to the land of Canaan, and we shall [then] have our permanent inheritance on this side of the Yardein.”
We will cross over armed for battle before Adonoy, to the land of Canaan, and we shall [then] have our permanent inheritance on this side of the Yardein.”
Rashi
ואתנו אחזת נחלתנו. כְּלוֹמַר בְּיָדֵינוּ וּבִרְשׁוּתֵנוּ תְהִי אֲחֻזַּת נַחֲלָתֵנוּ מֵעֵבֶר הַזֶּה:
And we shall [then] have our permanent inheritance. As if to say, ‘in our hands, in our possession, will be our hereditary territory on this side.’
וַיִּתֵּן לָהֶם ׀ מֹשֶׁה לִבְנֵי־גָד וְלִבְנֵי רְאוּבֵן וְלַחֲצִי ׀ שֵׁבֶט ׀ מְנַשֶּׁה בֶן־יוֹסֵף אֶת־מַמְלֶכֶת סִיחֹן מֶלֶךְ הָֽאֱמֹרִי וְאֶת־מַמְלֶכֶת עוֹג מֶלֶךְ הַבָּשָׁן הָאָרֶץ לְעָרֶיהָ בִּגְבֻלֹת עָרֵי הָאָרֶץ סָבִֽיב׃
Moshe gave to them—to the tribe of Gad, to the tribe of Reuvein and to half the tribe of Menashe son of Yoseif—the empire of Sichon, king of the Emorites and the empire of Og, king of the Bashan, the land along with the cities within their borders, even the cities of the surrounding land.
Moshe gave to them—to the tribe of Gad, to the tribe of Reuvein and to half the tribe of Menashe son of Yoseif—the empire of Sichon, king of the Emorites and the empire of Og, king of the Bashan, the land along with the cities within their borders, even the cities of the surrounding land.
וַיִּבְנוּ בְנֵי־גָד אֶת־דִּיבֹן וְאֶת־עֲטָרֹת וְאֵת עֲרֹעֵֽר׃
The sons of Gad built up Divon, Ataros, Aro’eir,
The sons of Gad built up Divon, Ataros, Aro’eir,
וְאֶת־עַטְרֹת שׁוֹפָן וְאֶת־יַעְזֵר וְיׇגְבְּהָֽה׃
Atros Shofan, Yazeir, Yogbehah,
Atros Shofan, Yazeir, Yogbehah,
וְאֶת־בֵּית נִמְרָה וְאֶת־בֵּית הָרָן עָרֵי מִבְצָר וְגִדְרֹת צֹֽאן׃
Beis Nimrah, and Beis Haran as fortified cities and sheep pens.
Beis Nimrah, and Beis Haran as fortified cities and sheep pens.
Rashi
ערי מבצר וגדרת צאן. זֶה סוֹף פָּסוּק מוּסָב עַל תְּחִלַּת הָעִנְיָן — וַיִּבְנוּ בְנֵי גָד אֶת הֶעָרִים הַלָּלוּ לִהְיוֹת עָרֵי מִבְצָר וְגִדְרֹת צֹאן:
Fortified cities and sheep pens. The end of this passage is related to the begning ofhe subject — “the sons of Gad built” these cities, to serve as fortified cities and sheep pens.
וּבְנֵי רְאוּבֵן בָּנוּ אֶת־חֶשְׁבּוֹן וְאֶת־אֶלְעָלֵא וְאֵת קִרְיָתָֽיִם׃
The tribe of Reuvein built up Cheshbon, El’alei, Kiryasayim,
The tribe of Reuvein built up Cheshbon, El’alei, Kiryasayim,
וְאֶת־נְבוֹ וְאֶת־בַּעַל מְעוֹן מֽוּסַבֹּת שֵׁם וְאֶת־שִׂבְמָה וַיִּקְרְאוּ בְשֵׁמֹת אֶת־שְׁמוֹת הֶעָרִים אֲשֶׁר בָּנֽוּ׃
Nevo, Ba’al Me’on—their names having been changed, and Sivmah. They retained the names of the other cities that they built.
Nevo, Ba’al Me’on—their names having been changed, and Sivmah. They retained the names of the other cities that they built.
Rashi
ואת נבו ואת בעל מעון מוסבת שם. נְבוֹ וּבַעַל מְעוֹן שְׁמוֹת עֲ"זָ הֵם, וְהָיוּ הָאֱמוֹרִיִּים קוֹרִים עָרֵיהֶם עַל שֵׁם עֲ"זָ שֶׁלָּהֶם, וּבְנֵי רְאוּבֵן הֵסֵבּוּ אֶת שְׁמָם לְשֵׁמוֹת אֲחֵרִים, וְזֶהוּ מוסבת שם — נְבוֹ וּבַעַל מְעוֹן מוּסַבּוֹת לְשֵׁם אַחֵר:
Nevo, Ba’al Me’on, their names having been changed. Nevo and Ba’al Meon were names of idols. The Emorites would name their cities after their idols, so the sons of Reuven changed their names in favor of other names. This is the meaning of “their names having been changed” — Nevo and Ba’al Me’on were turned aside in favor of a different name.
ואת שבמה. בָּנוּ שִׂבְמָה, וְהִיא שְׂבָם הָאֲמוּרָה לְמַעְלָה:
And Sivmah. They built Sivmah. This is Sevam mentioned above.
וַיֵּלְכוּ בְּנֵי מָכִיר בֶּן־מְנַשֶּׁה גִּלְעָדָה וַֽיִּלְכְּדֻהָ וַיּוֹרֶשׁ אֶת־הָאֱמֹרִי אֲשֶׁר־בָּֽהּ׃
The sons of Machir, son of Menashe, went to Gil’ad and captured it, and drove out the Amorites who were in it.
The sons of Machir, son of Menashe, went to Gil’ad and captured it, and drove out the Amorites who were in it.
Rashi
ויורש. כְּתַרְגּוּמוֹ "וְתָרִיךְ", שֶׁתֵּבַת ריש מְשַׁמֶּשֶׁת שְׁתֵּי מַחֲלָקוֹת, לְשׁוֹן יְרֻשָּׁה וּלְשׁוֹן הוֹרָשָׁה שֶׁהוּא טֵרוּד וְתֵרוּךְ:
And drove out. As Targum [Onkelos] renders, וְתָרִיךְ, “and ousted,” for the word יָרֹשׁ may be used in two ways, to denote inheritance, or to denote ousting, meaning driving out, expelling.
וַיִּתֵּן מֹשֶׁה אֶת־הַגִּלְעָד לְמָכִיר בֶּן־מְנַשֶּׁה וַיֵּשֶׁב בָּֽהּ׃
Moshe gave the Gil’ad to Machir, son of Menashe, and he settled in it.
Moshe gave the Gil’ad to Machir, son of Menashe, and he settled in it.
וְיָאִיר בֶּן־מְנַשֶּׁה הָלַךְ וַיִּלְכֹּד אֶת־חַוֺּתֵיהֶם וַיִּקְרָא אֶתְהֶן חַוֺּת יָאִֽיר׃
Yair, son of Menashe, went and conquered their villages and called them Chavos Yair.
Yair, son of Menashe, went and conquered their villages and called them Chavos Yair.
Rashi
חותיהם. כַּפְרָנֵיהוֹן:
Villages. כַּפְרְנֵיהוֹן, their villages.
ויקרא אתהן חות יאיר. לְפִי שֶׁלֹּא הָיוּ לוֹ בָנִים קְרָאַתָם בִּשְׁמוֹ לְזִכָּרוֹן:
And [he] called them Chavos Yair. Because he had no children, he called them by his name, as a memorial.
וְנֹבַח הָלַךְ וַיִּלְכֹּד אֶת־קְנָת וְאֶת־בְּנֹתֶיהָ וַיִּקְרָא לָהֿ נֹבַח בִּשְׁמֽוֹ׃ {פ}
Novach went and conquered Kenas and its suburbs, and called it Novach, after his own name.
Novach went and conquered Kenas and its suburbs, and called it Novach, after his own name.
Rashi
ויקרא לה נבח. "לָה" אֵינוֹ מַפִּיק הֵ"א, וְרָאִיתִי בִיסוֹדוֹ שֶׁל רַ' מֹשֶׁה הַדַּרְשָׁן לְפִי שֶׁלֹּא נִתְקַיֵּם לָהּ שֵׁם זֶה לְפִיכָךְ הוּא רָפֶה, שֶׁמַּשְׁמָעוּת מִדְרָשׁוֹ כְּמוֹ לֹא; וּתְמֵהַנִי מַה יִּדְרֹשׁ בִּשְׁתֵּי תֵבוֹת הַדּוֹמוֹת לָהּ "וַיֹּאמֶר לָה בֹעַז" (רות ב'), "לִבְנוֹת לָה בַיִת" (זכריה ה'):
And [he] called it Novach. לָה does not have a dot in its ה . I saw in R’ Moshe Hadarshan’s commentary: Because this name did not endure, it is therefore silent, implying that it is to be expounded as לָא, “not” [Novach]. But I wonder how he (R’ Moshe) would expound two similar words, וַיֹאמֶר 'לָה' בֹעַז, “Boaz said to her,” לִבְנוֹת לָה בַיִת, “to build her a house.”
לצנאכם. תֵּבָה זוֹ מִגִּזְרַת "צֹנֶה וַאֲלָפִים כֻּלָּם" (תהלים ח') שֶׁאֵין בּוֹ אָלֶ"ף מַפְסִיק בֵּין נוּ"ן לַצָּדִ"י, וְאָלֶ"ף שֶׁבָּא כָאן אַחַר הַנּוּ"ן בִּמְקוֹם הֵ"א שֶׁל צֹנֶה הוּא; מִיסוֹדוֹ שֶׁל רַ' מֹשֶׁה הַדַּרְשָׁן לָמַדְתִּי כֵן:
For your sheep. This word is conjugated from 'צֹנֶה', “all the sheep and cattle.” It does not have the “ אָלֶ"ף “ intervening between the “ נוּ"ן “ and “ צָדִ"י “ and the “ אָלֶ"ף “ which appears here after the “ נּוּ"ן “ is instead of the “ הֵ"א “ of צֹנֶה . I learned this from R’ Moshe Hadarshan’s commentary.