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5:11

וַיְדַבֵּר יְהֹוָה אֶל־מֹשֶׁה לֵּאמֹֽר׃

Adonoy spoke to Moshe, saying;

Adonoy spoke to Moshe, saying;

5:12

דַּבֵּר אֶל־בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל וְאָמַרְתָּ אֲלֵהֶם אִישׁ אִישׁ כִּֽי־תִשְׂטֶה אִשְׁתּוֹ וּמָעֲלָה בוֹ מָֽעַל׃

Speak to Bnei Yisroel and say to them: If any man’s wife goes astray and acts treacherously toward him.

Speak to Bnei Yisroel and say to them: If any man’s wife goes astray and acts treacherously toward him.

Rashi

איש איש כי תשטה אשתו. מַה כָּתוּב לְמַעְלָה מִן הָעִנְיָן? "וְאִישׁ אֶת קֳדָשָׁיו לוֹ יִהְיוּ", אִם אַתָּה מְעַכֵּב מַתְּנוֹת הַכֹּהֵן, חַיֶּיךָ שֶׁתִּצְטָרֵךְ לָבֹא אֶצְלוֹ לְהָבִיא לוֹ אֶת הַסּוֹטָה:

If any man’s wife goes astray. What is written [immediately] above this subject? “A man’s sacred objects shall be his.” (v. 10) [This implies that] If you withhold the kohein’s gifts, then by your life! You will find it necessary to visit him, to bring the sotah to him.

איש איש. לְלַמֶּדְךָ שֶׁמּוֹעֶלֶת בִּשְׁתַּיִם – בְּאִישׁ מִלְחָמָה שֶׁלְּמַעְלָה, וְאִישָׁהּ מִלְּמַטָּה:

Any man [lit. A man, a man]. This teaches that she is doubly treacherous; against the “man of warfare” on high, and her husband [lit. “man”] below.

כי תשטה אשתו. שָׁנוּ רַבּוֹתֵינוּ אֵין הַמְנָאֲפִין נוֹאֲפִין עַד שֶׁתִּכָּנֵס בָּהֶן רוּחַ שְׁטוּת, דִּכְתִיב "כִּי תִשְׂטֶה" וְכָתוּב בּוֹ "נֹאֵף אִשָּׁה חֲסַר לֵב" (משלי ו'); וּפְשׁוּטוֹ שֶׁל מִקְרָא: כי תשטה — תֵּט מִדַּרְכֵי צְנִיעוּת וְתֵחָשֵׁד בְּעֵינָיו, כְּמוֹ "שְׂטֵה מֵעָלָיו וַעֲבֹר" (שם ד'), "אַל יֵשְׂטְ אֶל דְּרָכֶיהָ לִבֶּךָ" (שם ז'):

[If any man’s] wife goes astray. Our Rabbis teach: Adulterers do not commit adultery unless they are imbued with the spirit of foolishness, as it is written כִּי תִשְׂטֶה [lit. acts foolishly]. and it is written, “the adulterer lacks reason”: The simple explanation of the verse is, “[If any man’s wife] turns aside from the ways of modesty” and arouses his suspicion, as in “turn aside from him, and pass by,” “let your heart not turn to her ways.

ומעלה בו מעל. וּמַהוּ הַמַּעַל? ושכב איש אתה:

And acts treacherously toward him. What is the treachery?

5:13

וְשָׁכַב אִישׁ אֹתָהּ שִׁכְבַת־זֶרַע וְנֶעְלַם מֵעֵינֵי אִישָׁהּ וְנִסְתְּרָה וְהִיא נִטְמָאָה וְעֵד אֵין בָּהּ וְהִוא לֹא נִתְפָּֽשָׂה׃

And a man has lain with her conjugally but it was hidden from her husband’s eyes and she was concealed and has become defiled and there is no witness against her, and she was not seized forcibly.

And a man has lain with her conjugally but it was hidden from her husband’s eyes and she was concealed and has become defiled and there is no witness against her, and she was not seized forcibly.

Rashi

ושכב איש. פְּרָט לְקָטָן וּמִי שֶׁאֵינוֹ אִישׁ (ספרי):

And a man has lain. This excludes a minor and a non-human.

אתה שכבת זרע. שְׁכִיבָתָהּ פּוֹסֶלֶת אוֹתָהּ, וְאֵין שְׁכִיבַת אֲחוֹתָהּ פּוֹסֶלֶת אוֹתָהּ (כְּמַעֲשֶׂה בִשְׁתֵּי אֲחָיוֹת שֶׁהָיוּ דּוֹמוֹת זוֹ לָזוֹ):

With her. Lying with her disqualifies her. but not laying with her sister (as in the incident of two sisters who resembled one another).

ונעלם מעיני אישה. פְּרָט לְסוּמָא, הָא אִם הָיָה רוֹאֶה וּמְעַמְעֵם אֵין הַמַּיִם בּוֹדְקִין אוֹתָהּ (ספרי):

But it was hidden from her husband’s eyes. This excludes a blind man. Therefore, if he (the husband) saw [the adultery] and feigned ignorance, the [bitter] waters do not test her.

ונסתרה. שִׁעוּר שֶׁתֵּרָאֶה לְטֻמְאַת בִּיאָה:

She was concealed. Long enough to have been defiled by intercourse.

ועד אין בה. הָא אִם יֵשׁ בָּהּ אֲפִלּוּ עֵד אֶחָד שֶׁאָמַר נִטְמֵאת לֹא הָיְתָה שׁוֹתָה (סוטה ד'):

There is no witness against her. But if even one witness testified that she was defiled [by intercourse], she did not drink [the bitter waters].

ועד אין בה. בְּטֻמְאָה, אֲבָל יֵשׁ עֵדִים לִסְתִירָה (שם ב'):

There is no witness against her. To the defilement, but there are witnesses to the concealment.

נתפשה. נֶאֶנְסָה, כְּמוֹ "וּתְפָשָׂהּ וְשָׁכַב עִמָּהּ" (דברים כ"ב):

Seized forcibly. Ravished, as in, “. . . siezed her forcibly and laid with her.”

5:14

וְעָבַר עָלָיו רֽוּחַ־קִנְאָה וְקִנֵּא אֶת־אִשְׁתּוֹ וְהִוא נִטְמָאָה אוֹ־עָבַר עָלָיו רֽוּחַ־קִנְאָה וְקִנֵּא אֶת־אִשְׁתּוֹ וְהִיא לֹא נִטְמָֽאָה׃

[When] a spirit of jealousy comes upon him and he is jealous of his wife and she was defiled or, a spirit of jealousy comes upon him and he is jealous of his wife and she was not defiled,

[When] a spirit of jealousy comes upon him and he is jealous of his wife and she was defiled or, a spirit of jealousy comes upon him and he is jealous of his wife and she was not defiled,

Rashi

ועבר עליו. קֹדֶם לַסְּתִירָה:

Comes upon him. Before the concealment.

רוח קנאה וקנה. פֵּרְשׁוּ רַבּוֹתֵינוּ לְשׁוֹן הַתְרָאָה, שֶׁמַּתְרֶה בָהּ, אַל תִּסָּתְרִי עִם אִישׁ פְּלוֹנִי:

A spirit of jealousy, and he is jealous. The Rabbis interpret this as “warning.” He warns her not to be alone with a certain man,

והוא נטמאה או עבר עליו וגו'. כְּלוֹמַר הוּא הִתְרָה בָּהּ, וְעָבְרָה עַל הַתְרָאָתוֹ, וְאֵין יָדוּעַ אִם נִטְמְאָה אִם לָאו:

And she was defiled. Or, comes upon him . . . etc. As if it had said, ‘he warned her and she ignored the warning, but it is not known whether or not she was defiled.’

5:15

וְהֵבִיא הָאִישׁ אֶת־אִשְׁתּוֹ אֶל־הַכֹּהֵן וְהֵבִיא אֶת־קׇרְבָּנָהּ עָלֶיהָ עֲשִׂירִת הָאֵיפָה קֶמַח שְׂעֹרִים לֹֽא־יִצֹק עָלָיו שֶׁמֶן וְלֹֽא־יִתֵּן עָלָיו לְבֹנָה כִּֽי־מִנְחַת קְנָאֹת הוּא מִנְחַת זִכָּרוֹן מַזְכֶּרֶת עָוֺֽן׃

that man shall bring his wife to the kohein and he shall bring her offering for her; [which is] one tenth of an epha of barley flour; he shall not pour oil over it and he shall not put frankincense on it, for it is a meal-offering of jealousy, a meal-offering of remembrance, recalling an iniquity.

that man shall bring his wife to the kohein and he shall bring her offering for her; [which is] one tenth of an epha of barley flour; he shall not pour oil over it and he shall not put frankincense on it, for it is a meal-offering of jealousy, a meal-offering of remembrance, recalling an iniquity.

Rashi

קמח. שֶׁלֹּא יְהֵא מִסֹּלֶת:

flour. But not of fine flour.

שערים. וְלֹא חִטִּים, הִיא עָשְׂתָה מַעֲשֵׂה בְהֵמָה וְקָרְבָּנָהּ מַאֲכַל בְּהֵמָה (סוטה י"ד):

Barley. But not wheat. [Because] she acted like an animal, her offering consists of animal feed.

לא יצק עליו שמן. שֶׁלֹּא יְהֵא קָרְבָּנָהּ מְהֻדָּר, שֶׁהַשֶּׁמֶן קָרוּי אוֹר, וְהִיא עָשְׂתָה בַחֹשֶׁךְ:

He shall not pour oil over it. So that her offering may not be resplendent. for, [olive] oil is identified as light, while she acted in darkness.

ולא יתן עליו לבנה. שֶׁהָאִמָּהוֹת נִקְרְאוּ לְבוֹנָה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "וְאֶל גִּבְעַת הַלְּבוֹנָה" (שה"ש ד'), וְהִיא פֵרְשָׁה מִדַּרְכֵיהֶן:

He shall not put frankincense on it. The matriarchs are called “frankincense,” as it is said, “. . . and to the hill of frankincense,” but she departed from their ways.

כי מנחת קנאת הוא. הַקֶּמַח הַזֶּה, קֶמַח לָשׁוֹן זָכָר:

For it is a meal-offering of jealousy. This meal. “Meal” is masculine.

מנחת קנאת. מְעוֹרֶרֶת עָלֶיהָ שְׁתֵּי קְנָאוֹת, קִנְאַת הַמָּקוֹם וְקִנְאַת הַבַּעַל (ספרי):

A meal-offering of jealousy (wrath). She arouses a double wrath against her; the wrath of the Supreme Omnipresent Being, and the wrath of her husband.

5:16

וְהִקְרִיב אֹתָהּ הַכֹּהֵן וְהֶֽעֱמִדָהּ לִפְנֵי יְהֹוָֽה׃

The kohein shall bring her near and station her before Adonoy.

The kohein shall bring her near and station her before Adonoy.

5:17

וְלָקַח הַכֹּהֵן מַיִם קְדֹשִׁים בִּכְלִי־חָרֶשׂ וּמִן־הֶֽעָפָר אֲשֶׁר יִהְיֶה בְּקַרְקַע הַמִּשְׁכָּן יִקַּח הַכֹּהֵן וְנָתַן אֶל־הַמָּֽיִם׃

The kohein shall take sanctified waters in a clay utensil, and of the earth that will be on the floor of the Mishkon, the kohein shall take and put into the water.

The kohein shall take sanctified waters in a clay utensil, and of the earth that will be on the floor of the Mishkon, the kohein shall take and put into the water.

Rashi

מים קדשים. שֶׁקָּדְשׁוּ בַכִּיּוֹר, לְפִי שֶׁנַּעֲשָׂה מִנְּחֹשֶׁת מַרְאוֹת הַצּוֹבְאוֹת, וְזוֹ פֵרְשָׁה מִדַּרְכֵיהֶן, שֶׁהָיוּ נִבְעָלוֹת לְבַעְלֵיהֶן בְּמִצְרַיִם תַּחַת הַתַּפּוּחַ וְזוֹ קִלְקְלָה לְאַחֵר, תִּבָּדֵק בּוֹ:

Sanctified waters. Sanctified in the wash basin. Because the wash basin was made from the copper of the “multitude mirrors,” while this [sotah] departed from their ways. They had relations with their husbands in Egypt beneath the apple tree, but this [sotah] corrupted herself with a stranger — let her be tested by it (the wash basin).

בכלי חרש. הִיא הִשְׁקָת אֶת הַנּוֹאֵף יַיִן מְשֻׁבָּח בְּכוֹסוֹת מְשֻׁבָּחִים, לְפִיכָךְ תִּשְׁתֶּה מַיִם הַמָּרִים בִּמְקִדָּה בְזוּיָה שֶׁל חֶרֶס (סוטה ט'):

In a clay utensil. She served the adulterer excellent wine in superb goblets — therefore, let her drink the bitter water in a wretched clay cup.

5:18

וְהֶעֱמִיד הַכֹּהֵן אֶֽת־הָאִשָּׁה לִפְנֵי יְהֹוָה וּפָרַע אֶת־רֹאשׁ הָֽאִשָּׁה וְנָתַן עַל־כַּפֶּיהָ אֵת מִנְחַת הַזִּכָּרוֹן מִנְחַת קְנָאֹת הִוא וּבְיַד הַכֹּהֵן יִהְיוּ מֵי הַמָּרִים הַמְאָֽרְרִֽים׃

The kohein shall station the woman before Adonoy, and expose the woman’s hair, and place on her palms the meal-offering of remembrance; it is a meal-offering of jealousy and there will be in the kohein’s hand, the bitter, lethal waters.

The kohein shall station the woman before Adonoy, and expose the woman’s hair, and place on her palms the meal-offering of remembrance; it is a meal-offering of jealousy and there will be in the kohein’s hand, the bitter, lethal waters.

Rashi

והעמיד הכהן וגו'. וַהֲלֹא כְבָר נֶאֱמַר "וְהֶעֱמִדָהּ לִפְנֵי ה'"? אֶלָּא מַסִּיעִין הָיוּ אוֹתָהּ מִמָּקוֹם לְמָקוֹם כְּדֵי לְיַגְּעָהּ וְתִטָּרֵף דַּעְתָּהּ וְתוֹדֶה (סוטה ח'):

The kohein shall station . . . etc., Has it not already said, ‘ . .and station her before Adonoy’? (V. 16) But, they moved her from place to place to exhaust her, so that she might lose her composure and confess.

ופרע. סוֹתֵר אֶת קְלִיעַת שְׂעָרָהּ, כְּדֵי לְבַזּוֹתָהּ, מִכָּאן לִבְנוֹת יִשְׂרָאֵל שֶׁגִּלּוּי הָרֹאשׁ גְּנַאי לָהֶן (כתובות ע"ב):

Expose. He disentangles the plaits of her hair, to humiliate her. From this we derive that, for daughters of Yisroel, a bared head is debasing.

לפני ה'. בְּשַׁעַר נִקָּנוֹר, הוּא שַׁעַר הָעֲזָרָה הַמִּזְרָחִי, דֶּרֶךְ כָּל הַנִּכְנָסִים (סוטה ז'):

Before Adonoy. At the Nikanor gate. This was the eastern gateway to the [Temple] courtyard, the route by which everyone entered.

ונתן על כפיה. לְיַגְּעָהּ, אוּלַי תִּטָּרֵף דַּעְתָּהּ וְתוֹדֶה, וְלֹא יִמָּחֶה שֵׁם הַמְיֻחָד עַל הַמָּיִם (שם י"ד):

And place, on her palms. To exhaust her, [in the hope] that she might lose her composure and confess, so that the Sacred Name not be erased in the water.

המרים. עַל שֵׁם סוֹפָן, שֶׁהֵם מָרִים לָהּ (שם כ'):

The bitter. Because of their aftermath, when they are bitter to her.

המאררים. הַמְחַסְּרִים אוֹתָהּ מִן הָעוֹלָם, לְשׁוֹן "סִלּוֹן מַמְאִיר" (יחזקאל כ"ח), וְלֹא יִתָּכֵן לְפָרֵשׁ מַיִם אֲרוּרִים, שֶׁהֲרֵי קְדוֹשִׁים הֵן, וְלֹא אֲרוּרִים כָּתַב הַכָּתוּב, אֶלָּא מְאָרְרִים אֶת אֲחֵרִים, וְאַף אֻנְקְלוֹס לֹא תִרְגֵּם "לִיטַיָּא" אֶלָּא "מְלַטְטַיָּא" — שֶׁמַּרְאוֹת קְלָלָה בְּגוּפָהּ שֶׁל זוֹ:

Lethal. Which eliminate her from the world, like the phrase, “. . . lethal thornbush.” But it is inappropriate to translate “accursed waters,” as they are sacred [v.17]. And Scripture does not write אֲרוּרִים, but מְאָרְרִים — affecting others. Even Onkelos did not translate לִיטַיָּא, “accursed,” but מְלַטְטַיָּא, “curse causing” — they reveal the curse in the body of this [sotah].

5:19

וְהִשְׁבִּיעַ אֹתָהּ הַכֹּהֵן וְאָמַר אֶל־הָֽאִשָּׁה אִם־לֹא שָׁכַב אִישׁ אֹתָךְ וְאִם־לֹא שָׂטִית טֻמְאָה תַּחַת אִישֵׁךְ הִנָּקִי מִמֵּי הַמָּרִים הַֽמְאָרְרִים הָאֵֽלֶּה׃

The kohein shall place her under oath and say to the woman: If a man has not lain with you [conjugally] and if you have not gone astray to be defiled while you were married to your husband, you shall be absolved of these bitter, lethal waters.

The kohein shall place her under oath and say to the woman: If a man has not lain with you [conjugally] and if you have not gone astray to be defiled while you were married to your husband, you shall be absolved of these bitter, lethal waters.

Rashi

והשביע אתה וגו'. וּמַה הִיא הַשְּׁבוּעָה? אִם לֹא שָׁכַב הִנָּקִי, הָא אִם שָׁכַב, חִנָּקִי, שֶׁמִּכְּלַל לָאו אַתָּה שׁוֹמֵעַ הֵן, אֶלָּא שֶׁמִּצְוָה לִפְתֹּחַ בְּדִינֵי נְפָשׁוֹת תְּחִלָּה לִזְכוּת (שם י"ז; שבועות ל"ו; סנהדרין ל"ג):

Shall place her under oath . . . etc. What is the oath? ‘If no [man] laid [with you], be absolved but if he laid [with you], may you choke’! A negative statement expresses, by implication, its positive converse, but we are commanded to open capital cases with the presumption of innocence.

5:20

וְאַתְּ כִּי שָׂטִית תַּחַת אִישֵׁךְ וְכִי נִטְמֵאת וַיִּתֵּן אִישׁ בָּךְ אֶת־שְׁכׇבְתּוֹ מִֽבַּלְעֲדֵי אִישֵֽׁךְ׃

[But] you, if you have gone astray while you were married to your husband, and if you have been defiled, and if a man has lain conjugally with you, [a man] other than your husband.

[But] you, if you have gone astray while you were married to your husband, and if you have been defiled, and if a man has lain conjugally with you, [a man] other than your husband.

Rashi

ואת כי שטית. כִּי מְשַׁמֵּשׁ בִּלְשׁוֹן אִם:

If you have gone astray. כִּי is used in the sense of “if.”

5:21

וְהִשְׁבִּיעַ הַכֹּהֵן אֶֽת־הָאִשָּׁה בִּשְׁבֻעַת הָאָלָה וְאָמַר הַכֹּהֵן לָֽאִשָּׁה יִתֵּן יְהֹוָה אוֹתָךְ לְאָלָה וְלִשְׁבֻעָה בְּתוֹךְ עַמֵּךְ בְּתֵת יְהֹוָה אֶת־יְרֵכֵךְ נֹפֶלֶת וְאֶת־בִּטְנֵךְ צָבָֽה׃

The kohein shall place the woman under oath with the oath of accursedness, and the kohein shall say to the woman: “Adonoy shall make you a curse and an oath among your people, when Adonoy causes your thigh to collapse and your abdomen to swell.

The kohein shall place the woman under oath with the oath of accursedness, and the kohein shall say to the woman: “Adonoy shall make you a curse and an oath among your people, when Adonoy causes your thigh to collapse and your abdomen to swell.

Rashi

בשבעת האלה. שְׁבוּעָה שֶׁל קְלָלָה:

With the oath of accursedness. The oath which contains the curse.

יתן ה' אותך לאלה. שֶׁיִּהְיוּ הַכֹּל מְקַלְלִין בִּיךְ — "יְבוֹאֵךְ כְּדֶרֶךְ שֶׁבָּא לִפְלוֹנִית":

Adonoy shall make you a curse: Everyone will curse through you: ‘May [a curse] befall you the way it befell so-and-so.’

ולשבעה. שֶׁיִּהְיוּ הַכֹּל נִשְׁבָּעִין בִּיךְ —"אִם לֹא יֶאֱרַע לִי כְּדֶרֶךְ שֶׁאֵרַע לִפְלוֹנִית", וְכֵן הוּא אוֹמֵר "וְהִנַּחְתֶּם שִׁמְכֶם לִשְׁבוּעָה לִבְחִירַי" (ישעיהו ס"ה), שֶׁהַצַּדִּיקִים נִשְׁבָּעִים בְּפֻרְעֲנוּתָן שֶׁל רְשָׁעִים, וְכֵן לְעִנְיַן הַבְּרָכָה, "וְנִבְרְכוּ וְגוֹ'" (בראשית י"ב), "בְּךָ יְבָרֵךְ יִשְׂרָאֵל לֵאמֹר" (שם מ"ח):

And an oath. Everyone will swear through you: ‘If [my oath is] not [true], may [disaster] happen to me the way it happened to so-and-so. Similarly, it says, “you will leave your names [to be used] as an oath by My chosen.” — the virtuous swear by the punishment of the wicked. Similarly, with regard to blessings, “and through you will be blessed . . . etc., “through you shall [the People of] Yisroel bless, saying. . .”

את ירכך. בִּקְלָלָה הִקְדִּים יָרֵךְ לַבֶּטֶן, לְפִי שֶׁבָּהּ הִתְחִילָה בַעֲבֵרָה תְּחִלָּה (סוטה ח'):

Your thigh. In the curse, the thigh precedes the abdomen, because her transgression began there.

צבה. כְּתַרְגּוּמוֹ, נְפוּחָה:

Swell. As Targum [Onkelos] translates, “swollen.”

5:22

וּבָאוּ הַמַּיִם הַמְאָרְרִים הָאֵלֶּה בְּֽמֵעַיִךְ לַצְבּוֹת בֶּטֶן וְלַנְפִּל יָרֵךְ וְאָמְרָה הָאִשָּׁה אָמֵן ׀ אָמֵֽן׃

This bitter, lethal water will enter your abdomen to swell the abdomen, and collapse the thigh and the woman shall say “Amein, Amein”.

This bitter, lethal water will enter your abdomen to swell the abdomen, and collapse the thigh and the woman shall say “Amein, Amein”.

Rashi

לצבות בטן. כְּמוֹ לְהַצְבּוֹת בֶּטֶן, זֶהוּ שִׁמּוּשׁ פַּתָּח שֶׁהַלָּמֶ"ד נְקוּדָה בוֹ. וְכֵן "לַנְחֹתָם הַדֶּרֶךְ" (שמות י"ג), "לַרְאֹתְכֶם בַּדֶּרֶךְ אֲשֶׁר תֵּלְכוּ בָהּ" (דברים א'), וְכֵן "לַנְפִּל יָרֵךְ" — לְהַנְפִּיל יָרֵךְ, שֶׁהַמַּיִם מַצְבִּים אֶת הַבֶּטֶן וּמַפִּילִים אֶת הַיָּרֵךְ:

To swell the abdomen. [לַצְבּוֹת בֶּטֶן is] like לְהַצְבּוֹת בֶּטֶן, “to cause the abdomen to swell.” This is the function of the פַּתַּח when it vocalizes the ל' . Similarly, לַנְחוֹתָם הַדֶּרֶךְ, (“to lead them on the way,”) לַרְאוֹתְכֶם בַּדֶּרֶךְ אֲשֶר תֵּלְכוּ בָהּ (“to show you the way in which to go.”) Similarly, לַנְפִּל יָרֵך, לְהַנְפִּיל יָרֵךְ (“to cause the thigh to collapse”). The waters swell the abdomen and collapse the thigh.

לצבות בטן ולנפל ירך. בִּטְנוֹ וִירֵכוֹ שֶׁל בּוֹעֵל, אוֹ אֵינוֹ אֶלָּא נִבְעֶלֶת, כְּשֶׁהוּא אוֹמֵר "אֶת יְרֵכֵךְ נֹפֶלֶת וְאֶת בִּטְנֵךְ צָבָה" הֲרֵי שֶׁל נִבְעֶלֶת אָמוּר (סוטה כ"ח):

To swell the abdomen and collapse the thigh. The abdomen and thigh of the adulterer, or perhaps it refers only to the adulteress? When Scripture says, “. . . your thigh to collapse and abdomen to swell,” the [punishment of the] adulteress has been stated.

אמן אמן. קַבָּלַת שְׁבוּעָה – אָמֵן עַל הָאָלָה אָמֵן עַל הַשְּׁבוּעָה, אָמֵן אִם מֵאִישׁ זֶה אָמֵן אִם מֵאִישׁ אַחֵר, אָמֵן שֶׁלֹּא סָטִיתִי אֲרוּסָה וּנְשׂוּאָה שׁוֹמֶרֶת יָבָם וּכְנוּסָה (שם י"ח):

Amein, Amein. [This is] The acceptance of the oath. Amein for the curse, Amein for the oath. Amein if [I strayed] from this husband, Amein if [I strayed] from a different husband. Amein that I did not stray [when] betrothed, married, levirately engaged or taken to his home.

5:23

וְכָתַב אֶת־הָאָלֹת הָאֵלֶּה הַכֹּהֵן בַּסֵּפֶר וּמָחָה אֶל־מֵי הַמָּרִֽים׃

The kohein shall write all these curses, on the scroll and dissolve them (the writing) in the bitter waters.

The kohein shall write all these curses, on the scroll and dissolve them (the writing) in the bitter waters.

5:24

וְהִשְׁקָה אֶת־הָאִשָּׁה אֶת־מֵי הַמָּרִים הַמְאָֽרְרִים וּבָאוּ בָהּ הַמַּיִם הַֽמְאָרְרִים לְמָרִֽים׃

He shall have the woman drink the bitter, lethal waters and the lethal waters, shall enter her to become bitter.

He shall have the woman drink the bitter, lethal waters and the lethal waters, shall enter her to become bitter.

Rashi

והשקה את האשה. אֵין זֶה סֵדֶר הַמַּעֲשֶׂה, שֶׁהֲרֵי בַתְּחִלָּהּ מַקְרִיב מִנְחָתָהּ, אֶלָּא הַכָּתוּב מְבַשֶּׂרְךָ שֶׁכְּשֶׁיַּשְׁקֶנָּה יָבֹאוּ בָהּ לְמָרִים; לְפִי שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר בֶּטֶן וְיָרֵךְ, מִנַּיִן לִשְׁאָר כָּל הַגּוּף? תַּ"ל ובאו בה — בְּכֻלָּהּ, אִ"כַּ מַה תַּ"ל בֶּטֶן וְיָרֵךְ? לְפִי שֶׁהֵן הִתְחִילוּ בַעֲבֵרָה תְּחִלָּה לְפִיכָךְ הִתְחִיל מֵהֶם הַפֻּרְעָנוּת (ספרי):

He shall have the woman drink. It was not done in this order, as he brought her offering first. But Scripture informs you that when he does give her the waters, they will penetrate her with bitterness. Since it [merely] says “abdomen” and “thigh,” how do we know the rest of the body [is affected]? The Torah states “and [the waters] shall enter her,” completely. If so, why does the Torah say “abdomen” and “thigh”? Since they began the transgression, the punishment began with them.

למרים. לִהְיוֹת לָהּ רָעִים וּמָרִים:

To become bitter. They will be harmful and bitter for her.

5:25

וְלָקַח הַכֹּהֵן מִיַּד הָֽאִשָּׁה אֵת מִנְחַת הַקְּנָאֹת וְהֵנִיף אֶת־הַמִּנְחָה לִפְנֵי יְהֹוָה וְהִקְרִיב אֹתָהּ אֶל־הַמִּזְבֵּֽחַ׃

The kohein shall take from the woman’s hand the meal-offering of jealousy and he shall wave the meal-offering before Adonoy, and bring it close to the Altar.

The kohein shall take from the woman’s hand the meal-offering of jealousy and he shall wave the meal-offering before Adonoy, and bring it close to the Altar.

Rashi

והניף. מוֹלִיךְ וּמֵבִיא מַעֲלֶה וּמוֹרִיד, וְאַף הִיא מְנִיפָה עִמּוֹ, שֶׁיָּדָהּ לְמַעְלָה מִיָּדוֹ שֶׁל כֹּהֵן:

And shall wave. He moves it forward, back, up, and down. She, too, waves with him, with her hand above the hand of the kohein.

והקריב אתה. זוֹ הִיא הַגָּשָׁתָהּ בְּקֶרֶן דְּרוֹמִית מַעֲרָבִית שֶׁל מִזְבֵּחַ קֹדֶם קְמִיצָה, כִּשְׁאָר מְנָחוֹת (סוטה י"ד):

And bring it. This refers to placing it at the southwest corner of the altar before taking the handful, like the other minchah- offerings.

5:26

וְקָמַץ הַכֹּהֵן מִן־הַמִּנְחָה אֶת־אַזְכָּרָתָהּ וְהִקְטִיר הַמִּזְבֵּחָה וְאַחַר יַשְׁקֶה אֶת־הָאִשָּׁה אֶת־הַמָּֽיִם׃

The kohein shall scoop out from the meal-offering its commemoration and burn it on the Altar, and after that he shall cause the woman to drink the water.

The kohein shall scoop out from the meal-offering its commemoration and burn it on the Altar, and after that he shall cause the woman to drink the water.

Rashi

אזכרתה. הוּא הַקֹּמֶץ, שֶׁעַ"יְ הַקְטָרָתוֹ הַמִּנְחָה בָאָה לְזִכָּרוֹן לְגָבוֹהַּ (ספרי):

Its commemoration. This is the handful. Through its burning, the mincha-offering is remembered on high. (Sifri, 5:72.)

5:27

וְהִשְׁקָהּ אֶת־הַמַּיִם וְהָיְתָה אִֽם־נִטְמְאָה וַתִּמְעֹל מַעַל בְּאִישָׁהּ וּבָאוּ בָהּ הַמַּיִם הַמְאָֽרְרִים לְמָרִים וְצָבְתָה בִטְנָהּ וְנָפְלָה יְרֵכָהּ וְהָיְתָה הָאִשָּׁה לְאָלָה בְּקֶרֶב עַמָּֽהּ׃

He shall make her drink the water, and it shall be that if she had been defiled and had deceived her husband, the lethal waters shall enter her to become bitter, and her abdomen will swell and her thigh will collapse, and the woman will be a curse among her people.

He shall make her drink the water, and it shall be that if she had been defiled and had deceived her husband, the lethal waters shall enter her to become bitter, and her abdomen will swell and her thigh will collapse, and the woman will be a curse among her people.

Rashi

והשקה את המים. לְרַבּוֹת, שֶׁאִם אָמְרָה אֵינִי שׁוֹתָה לְאַחַר שֶׁנִּמְחֲקָה מְגִלָּה, מְעַרְעֲרִין אוֹתָהּ וּמַשְׁקִין אוֹתָהּ בְּעַל כָּרְחָהּ, אֶלָּא אִ"כֵּ אָמְרָה טְמֵאָה אֲנִי (ספרי; סוטה כ'):

He shall make her drink the water. [This is written] to add that if she said, ”I will not drink” after the scroll was erased, we coerce her, forcing her to drink against her will, unless she says “I am defiled.”

וצבתה בטנה וגו'. אַעַ"פִּ שֶׁבַּקְּלָלָה הִזְכִּיר יָרֵךְ תְּחִלָּה, הַמַּיִם אֵין בּוֹדְקִין אֶלָּא כְּדֶרֶךְ כְּנִיסָתָן בָּהּ (שם ט'):

Her abdomen will swell. Although, in the curse, Scripture mentions the thigh first, the water tested her just the way it entered her.

והיתה האשה לאלה. כְּמוֹ שֶׁפֵּרַשְׁתִּי, שֶׁיְּהֵא הַכֹּל אָלִין בָּהּ:

The woman will be a curse. As I explained, everyone will use her to curse.

בקרב עמה. הֶפְרֵשׁ יֵשׁ בֵּין אָדָם הַמִּתְנַוֵּל בְּמָקוֹם שֶׁנִּכָּר, לְאָדָם הַמִּתְנַוֵּל בְּמָקוֹם שֶׁאֵינוֹ נִכָּר:

Among her people. There is a difference between a person disgraced among those who know her, and a person disgraced among those who do not know her.

5:28

וְאִם־לֹא נִטְמְאָה הָֽאִשָּׁה וּטְהֹרָה הִוא וְנִקְּתָה וְנִזְרְעָה זָֽרַע׃

But if the woman was not defiled and [she] is pure, she will be cleansed and shall bear seed.

But if the woman was not defiled and [she] is pure, she will be cleansed and shall bear seed.

Rashi

ואם לא נטמא האשה. בִּסְתִירָה זוֹ:

But if the woman was not defiled. During this concealment.

וטהרה הוא. מִמָּקוֹם אַחֵר:

And is pure. From any other place.

ונקתה. מִמַּיִם הַמְאָרְרִים, וְלֹא עוֹד אֶלָּא ונזרעה זרע — אִם הָיְתָה יוֹלֶדֶת בְּצַעַר תֵּלֵד בְּרֶוַח, אִם הָיְתָה יוֹלֶדֶת שְׁחֹרִים, מֵעַתָּה יוֹלֶדֶת לְבָנִים:

She will be cleansed. Of the lethal waters. Furthermore, “she will bear seed” — if she suffered during childbirth, her labor will now be painless. If she gave birth to swarthy [babies], they will now be light.

5:29

זֹאת תּוֹרַת הַקְּנָאֹת אֲשֶׁר תִּשְׂטֶה אִשָּׁה תַּחַת אִישָׁהּ וְנִטְמָֽאָה׃

This is the law of jealousies, when a woman goes astray during her marriage to her husband and is defiled.

This is the law of jealousies, when a woman goes astray during her marriage to her husband and is defiled.

5:30

אוֹ אִישׁ אֲשֶׁר תַּעֲבֹר עָלָיו רוּחַ קִנְאָה וְקִנֵּא אֶת־אִשְׁתּוֹ וְהֶעֱמִיד אֶת־הָֽאִשָּׁה לִפְנֵי יְהֹוָה וְעָשָׂה לָהּ הַכֹּהֵן אֵת כׇּל־הַתּוֹרָה הַזֹּֽאת׃

If a man is overcome with a spirit of jealousy and he is jealous of his wife, then he shall have the woman stand before Adonoy, and the kohein shall do unto her all of these laws.

If a man is overcome with a spirit of jealousy and he is jealous of his wife, then he shall have the woman stand before Adonoy, and the kohein shall do unto her all of these laws.

Rashi

או איש. כְּמוֹ "אוֹ נוֹדַע" (שמות כ"א), כְּלוֹמַר אִם אִישׁ קַנַּאי הוּא, לְכָךְ והעמיד את האשה.

If (lit., or) [he is] a man. As in, “If it was known.” As if it had said, “If he is a vengeful man, and, therefore, he shall have the woman stand.”

5:31

וְנִקָּה הָאִישׁ מֵעָוֺן וְהָאִשָּׁה הַהִוא תִּשָּׂא אֶת־עֲוֺנָֽהּ׃ {פ}

The man is cleansed of sin and that woman shall bear [the burden of] her iniquity.

The man is cleansed of sin and that woman shall bear [the burden of] her iniquity.

Rashi

ונקה האיש מעון. אִם בְּדָקוּהָ הַמַּיִם, אַל יִדְאַג לוֹמַר "חַבְתִּי בְמִיתָתָהּ", נָקִי הוּא מִן הָעֹנֶשׁ; דָּ"אַ: מִשֶּׁיַּשְׁקֶנָּה תְּהֵא אֶצְלוֹ בְּהֶתֵּר, וְנִקָּה מֵעָוֹן, שֶׁהַסּוֹטָה אֲסוּרָה לְבַעְלָהּ (ספרי):

The man is cleansed of sin. If the water affected her, let him not be tormented saying: “I was responsible for her death.” He is cleansed from punishment. Another interpretation: After he (the kohein) causes her to drink, she is permitted to be with him (her husband), and he is cleansed of sin. For, the [untested] sotah is forbidden to [have intimate relations with] her husband.

Texts

  • Hebrew: Miqra according to the Masorah · License: CC-BY-SA
  • English: Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009 · License: CC-BY
  • Hebrew: Pentateuch with Rashi's commentary by M. Rosenbaum and A.M. Silbermann -- corrected vocalization · License: PD
  • English: Rashi Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009 · License: CC-BY

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