Bamidbar
Chukat, Aliyah 7 חקת, שביעי
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Bamidbar 21
וַיִּשְׁלַח יִשְׂרָאֵל מַלְאָכִים אֶל־סִיחֹן מֶֽלֶךְ־הָאֱמֹרִי לֵאמֹֽר׃
Yisroel sent emissaries to Sichon, King of the Emorite, saying.
Yisroel sent emissaries to Sichon, King of the Emorite, saying.
Rashi
אֶעְבְּרָה בְאַרְצֶךָ לֹא נִטֶּה בְּשָׂדֶה וּבְכֶרֶם לֹא נִשְׁתֶּה מֵי בְאֵר בְּדֶרֶךְ הַמֶּלֶךְ נֵלֵךְ עַד אֲשֶֽׁר־נַעֲבֹר גְּבֻלֶֽךָ׃
“Let me pass through your land, we will not turn aside into the fields and vineyards, we will not drink well water; we will go by the King’s road until we have passed through your territory.”
“Let me pass through your land, we will not turn aside into the fields and vineyards, we will not drink well water; we will go by the King’s road until we have passed through your territory.”
Rashi
אעברה בארצך. אַעַ"פִּ שֶׁלֹּא נִצְטַוּוּ לִפְתֹּחַ לָהֶם בְּשָׁלוֹם בִּקְּשׁוּ מֵהֶם שָׁלוֹם (שם):
Let me pass through your land. Although they were not commanded to offer a peace overture, they made a peaceful proposal.
וְלֹא־נָתַן סִיחֹן אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵל עֲבֹר בִּגְבֻלוֹ וַיֶּאֱסֹף סִיחֹן אֶת־כׇּל־עַמּוֹ וַיֵּצֵא לִקְרַאת יִשְׂרָאֵל הַמִּדְבָּרָה וַיָּבֹא יָהְצָה וַיִּלָּחֶם בְּיִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃
But Sichon did not allow Yisroel to pass through his territory; Sichon gathered all his people and went out against Yisroel to the wilderness; he came to Yohatz and attacked Yisroel.
But Sichon did not allow Yisroel to pass through his territory; Sichon gathered all his people and went out against Yisroel to the wilderness; he came to Yohatz and attacked Yisroel.
Rashi
ולא נתן סיחן וגו'. לְפִי שֶׁכָּל מַלְכֵי כְנַעַן הָיוּ מַעֲלִין לוֹ מַס, שֶׁהָיָה שׁוֹמְרָם שֶׁלֹּא יַעַבְרוּ עֲלֵיהֶם גְּיָסוֹת, כֵּיוָן שֶׁאָמְרוּ לוֹ יִשְׂרָאֵל אֶעְבְּרָה בְאַרְצֶךָ, אָ"לָ, כָּל עַצְמִי אֵינִי יוֹשֵׁב כָּאן אֶלָּא לְשָׁמְרָם מִפְּנֵיכֶם, וְאַתֶּם אוֹמְרִים כָּךְ (תנחומא):
Sichon did not allow, etc. Since all the Canaanite kings delivered tribute to him, for he protected them from armies passing through against them. When Yisroel said to him, “Let me pass through your land,” he said, “My very presence here is to protect them from you, and you say this”?
ויצא לקראת ישראל. אִלּוּ הָיְתָה חֶשְׁבּוֹן מְלֵאָה יַתּוּשִׁין אֵין כָּל בְּרִיָּה יְכוֹלָה לְכָבְשָׁהּ, וְאִם הָיָה סִיחוֹן בִּכְפָר חַלָּשׁ אֵין כָּל אָדָם יָכוֹל לְכָבְשׁוֹ, וְכָל שֶׁכֵּן שֶׁהָיָה בְּחֶשְׁבּוֹן; אָמַר הַקָּבָּ"ה מָה אֲנִי מַטְרִיחַ עַל בָּנַי כָּל זֹאת לָצוּר עַל כָּל עִיר וָעִיר? נָתַן בְּלֵב כָּל אַנְשֵׁי הַמִּלְחָמָה לָצֵאת מִן הָעֲיָרוֹת, וְנִתְקַבְּצוּ כֻלָּם לְמָקוֹם אֶחָד וְשָׁם נָפְלוּ, וּמִשָּׁם הָלְכוּ יִשְׂרָאֵל אֶל הֶעָרִים וְאֵין עוֹמֵד לְנֶגְדָּם, כִּי אֵין שָׁם אֶלָּא נָשִׁים וָטָף (שם):
And [he] went out against Israel. If Cheshbon had been filled with gnats, no creature could have conquered it. And if Sichon had been in a feeble village, no man could have conquered him, And certainly, since he was in Cheshbon. The Holy One, Blessed is He, said, ”Why should I incovenience My children with all this besieging of every single city”? He prompted all the warriors into deciding to leave the cities, and they all gathered in one place, where they were slain. From there, the Israelites went to the cities without opposition, since no one was there, except the women and children.
וַיַּכֵּהוּ יִשְׂרָאֵל לְפִי־חָרֶב וַיִּירַשׁ אֶת־אַרְצוֹ מֵֽאַרְנֹן עַד־יַבֹּק עַד־בְּנֵי עַמּוֹן כִּי עַז גְּבוּל בְּנֵי עַמּֽוֹן׃
Yisroel defeated him with the edge of the sword and took possession of his land; from Arnon to the Yabok, as far as Amon[’s border], because Amon’s border was impregnable.
Yisroel defeated him with the edge of the sword and took possession of his land; from Arnon to the Yabok, as far as Amon[’s border], because Amon’s border was impregnable.
Rashi
כי עז. וּמַהוּ חָזְקוֹ? הַתְרָאָתוֹ שֶׁל הַקָּבָּ"ה שֶׁאָמַר לָהֶם אַל תְּצֻרֵם וְגוֹ' (דברים ב'):
Because [the border] was impregnable. What was its strength? The admonishment by The Holy one, Blessed is He, who said to them, “do not oppress them, etc.”
וַיִּקַּח יִשְׂרָאֵל אֵת כׇּל־הֶעָרִים הָאֵלֶּה וַיֵּשֶׁב יִשְׂרָאֵל בְּכׇל־עָרֵי הָֽאֱמֹרִי בְּחֶשְׁבּוֹן וּבְכׇל־בְּנֹתֶֽיהָ׃
Yisroel took all these cities; Yisroel settled in all the cities of the Emorite, in Cheshbon and all its daughters.
Yisroel took all these cities; Yisroel settled in all the cities of the Emorite, in Cheshbon and all its daughters.
Rashi
בנתיה. כְּפָרִים הַסְּמוּכִים לָהּ:
Its daughters. The villages nearby.
כִּי חֶשְׁבּוֹן עִיר סִיחֹן מֶלֶךְ הָאֱמֹרִי הִוא וְהוּא נִלְחַם בְּמֶלֶךְ מוֹאָב הָֽרִאשׁוֹן וַיִּקַּח אֶת־כׇּל־אַרְצוֹ מִיָּדוֹ עַד־אַרְנֹֽן׃
For Cheshbon was then a city of Sichon, King of the Emorites, and he had waged war against the first king of Moav, and took all his land from his hand, as far as Arnon.
For Cheshbon was then a city of Sichon, King of the Emorites, and he had waged war against the first king of Moav, and took all his land from his hand, as far as Arnon.
Rashi
והוא נלחם. לָמָּה הֻצְרַךְ לִכָּתֵב? לְפִי שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (שם) "אַל תָּצַר אֶת מוֹאָב", וְחֶשְׁבּוֹן מִשֶּׁל מוֹאָב הָיְתָה, כָּתַב לָנוּ שֶׁסִּיחוֹן לְקָחָהּ מֵהֶם וְעַל יָדוֹ טָהֲרָה לְיִשְֹרָאֵל (חולין ס'; גיטין ל"ח):
He had waged war. Why was it necessary for this to have been written? Because it is said, “do not oppress Moav,” and Cheshbon belonged to Moav. Scripture [therefore] writes, for us, that Sichon confiscated it from them, and it was purified for Israel through him.
מידו. מֵרְשׁוּתוֹ (בבא מציעא נ"ו):
From his hand. From his possesion.
עַל־כֵּן יֹאמְרוּ הַמֹּשְׁלִים בֹּאוּ חֶשְׁבּוֹן תִּבָּנֶה וְתִכּוֹנֵן עִיר סִיחֽוֹן׃
Concerning this, the parable tellers say: “Come to Cheshbon, may it be built and established as the city of Sichon.
Concerning this, the parable tellers say: “Come to Cheshbon, may it be built and established as the city of Sichon.
Rashi
על כן. עַל אוֹתָהּ מִלְחָמָה שֶׁנִּלְחַם סִיחוֹן בְּמוֹאָב:
Concerning this. Concerning this war fought by Sichon against Moav.
יאמרו המשלים. בִּלְעָם, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר בּוֹ "וַיִּשָּׂא מְשָׁלוֹ" (במדבר כ"ג):
The parable tellers say. Bil’am, of whom it is said, “he set forth his parable.”
המשלים. בִּלְעָם וּבְעוֹר, וְהֵם אָמְרוּ:
The parable tellers. Bil’am and Beor. They said:
באו חשבון. שֶׁלֹּא הָיָה סִיחוֹן יָכוֹל לְכָבְשָׁהּ וְהָלַךְ וְשָׂכַר אֶת בִּלְעָם לְקַלְּלוֹ (תנחומא); וְזֶהוּ שֶׁאָמַר לוֹ בָּלָק "כִּי יָדַעְתִּי אֵת אֲשֶׁר תְּבָרֵךְ מְבֹרָךְ" וְגוֹ' (במדבר כ"ב):
Come to Cheshbon. Since Sichon was unable to conquer it, he hired Bil’am to curse it. This is why Balak said to him, “for I know that what you bless is blessed, etc.”
תבנה ותכונן. חֶשְׁבּוֹן בְּשֵׁם סִיחוֹן לִהְיוֹת עִירוֹ:
May it be built and established. Cheshbon, under Sichon’s name, to be his city.
כִּי־אֵשׁ יָֽצְאָה מֵֽחֶשְׁבּוֹן לֶהָבָה מִקִּרְיַת סִיחֹן אָֽכְלָה עָר מוֹאָב בַּעֲלֵי בָּמוֹת אַרְנֹֽן׃
For a fire went forth from Cheshbon, a flame from Sichon’s capital; it consumed Ar, of Moav, the masters of Arnon’s heights.
For a fire went forth from Cheshbon, a flame from Sichon’s capital; it consumed Ar, of Moav, the masters of Arnon’s heights.
Rashi
כי אש יצאה מחשבון. מִשֶּׁכְּבָשָׁהּ סִיחוֹן:
For, a fire went forth from Cheshbon. After Sichon conquered it.
אכלה ער מואב. שֵׁם אוֹתָהּ הַמְּדִינָה קָרוּי עָר בְּלָשׁוֹן עִבְרִי וּלְחָיַת בְּלָשׁוֹן אֲרַמִּי:
It consumed Ar, of Moav. The name of that country is called “Ar” in the Hebrew language, and “Lechayas” in the Aramaic language.
ער מואב. עָר שֶׁל מוֹאָב:
Ar, of Moav. Ar, belonging to Moav.
אוֹי־לְךָ מוֹאָב אָבַדְתָּ עַם־כְּמוֹשׁ נָתַן בָּנָיו פְּלֵיטִם וּבְנֹתָיו בַּשְּׁבִית לְמֶלֶךְ אֱמֹרִי סִיחֽוֹן׃
Woe to you, O Moav, you are destroyed, people of Kemosh, he rendered your sons as refugees, and your daughters captives, of Sichon, King of Emori.
Woe to you, O Moav, you are destroyed, people of Kemosh, he rendered your sons as refugees, and your daughters captives, of Sichon, King of Emori.
Rashi
אוי לך מואב. שֶׁקִּלְּלוּ אֶת מוֹאָב שֶׁיִּמָּסְרוּ בְיָדוֹ (תנחומא):
Woe to you, O Moav. They cursed Moav that he be delivered into his hands.
כמוש. שֵׁם אֱלֹהֵי מוֹאָב:
Kemosh. The name of the Moavite deity.
נתן. הַנּוֹתֵן אֶת בָּנָיו שֶׁל מוֹאָב:
He rendered. Whoever rendered, “his sons”—Moav’s.
פליטם — נָסִים וּפְלֵטִים מֵחֶרֶב וְאֶת בְּנוֹתָיו בַּשְּׁבִית וְגוֹ':
Refugees. Who fled and escaped the sword, and his daughters into captivity, etc.
וַנִּירָם אָבַד חֶשְׁבּוֹן עַד־דִּיבֹן וַנַּשִּׁים עַד־נֹפַח אֲשֶׁרׄ עַד־מֵֽידְבָֽא׃
Their kingdom was uprooted from Cheshbon as far as Divon; we made them desolate as far as Nofach near Meidva.”
Their kingdom was uprooted from Cheshbon as far as Divon; we made them desolate as far as Nofach near Meidva.”
Rashi
ונירם אבד. מַלְכוּת שֶׁלָּהֶם:
Their kingdom was uprooted. [וַנִּירָם is translated as] their kingdom.
אבד חשבון עד דיבן — מַלְכוּת וְעֹל שֶׁהָיָה לְמוֹאָב בְּחֶשְׁבּוֹן אָבַד מִשָּׁם, וְכֵן עַד דִּיבֹן; תַּרְגּוּם שֶׁל סָר "עַד", כְּלוֹמַר סָר נִיר מִדִּיבֹן; נִיר לְשׁוֹן מַלְכוּת וְעֹל מֶמְשֶׁלֶת אִישׁ, כְּמוֹ "לְמַעַן הֱיוֹת נִיר לְדָוִד עַבְדִּי" (מ"א י"א):
Was uprooted from Cheshbon, as far as Divon. The kingdom and authority Moav had in Cheshbon, was uprooted from there. Similarly, ”as far as Divon.” The Targum of סָר, “was removed,” is עַד . As if to say, the kingdom was removed from Divon. נִיר denotes monarchy, authority, a man’s power, Similarly, “so that the monarchy shall remain with My servant David.”
ונשים. שִׁי"ן דְּגוּשָׁה, לְשׁוֹן שְׁמָמָה, כָּךְ יֹאמְרוּ הַמֹּשְׁלִים, "וַנַּשִּׁים אוֹתָם עַד נֹפַח" — הֲשִׁמּוֹנוּם עַד נֹפַח:
We made them desolate. The שִׁ"ין is punctuated, denoting desolation. This is what the parable tellers said: וַנַּשִּׁים אוֹתָם עַד נֹפַח, “We made them desolate until Nofach.”
וַיֵּשֶׁב יִשְׂרָאֵל בְּאֶרֶץ הָאֱמֹרִֽי׃
Yisroel settled in the land of the Emorite.
Yisroel settled in the land of the Emorite.
וַיִּשְׁלַח מֹשֶׁה לְרַגֵּל אֶת־יַעְזֵר וַֽיִּלְכְּדוּ בְּנֹתֶיהָ (ויירש) [וַיּוֹרֶשׁ] אֶת־הָאֱמֹרִי אֲשֶׁר־שָֽׁם׃
Moshe sent [men] to spy on Ya’zer, and they captured its surrounding villages, and drove out the Emorites that were there.
Moshe sent [men] to spy on Ya’zer, and they captured its surrounding villages, and drove out the Emorites that were there.
Rashi
וישלח משה לרגל את יעזר. הַמְרַגְּלִים לְכָדוּהָ, אָמְרוּ לֹא נַעֲשֶׂה כָּרִאשׁוֹנִים, בְּטוּחִים אָנוּ בְּכֹחַ תְּפִלָּתוֹ שֶׁל מֹשֶׁה לְהִלָּחֵם (תנחומא):
Moshe sent [men] to spy on Ya’zer. The spies captured it. They said, we will not act like the first ones; We have [enough] faith, in the power of Moshe’s prayer, to do battle.
וַיִּפְנוּ וַֽיַּעֲלוּ דֶּרֶךְ הַבָּשָׁן וַיֵּצֵא עוֹג מֶֽלֶךְ־הַבָּשָׁן לִקְרָאתָם הוּא וְכׇל־עַמּוֹ לַמִּלְחָמָה אֶדְרֶֽעִי׃
They then turned and headed toward the Bashan; and Og, King of the Bashan, came out against them he with all his people, to wage war at Edre’i.
They then turned and headed toward the Bashan; and Og, King of the Bashan, came out against them he with all his people, to wage war at Edre’i.
וַיֹּאמֶר יְהֹוָה אֶל־מֹשֶׁה אַל־תִּירָא אֹתוֹ כִּי בְיָדְךָ נָתַתִּי אֹתוֹ וְאֶת־כׇּל־עַמּוֹ וְאֶת־אַרְצוֹ וְעָשִׂיתָ לּוֹ כַּאֲשֶׁר עָשִׂיתָ לְסִיחֹן מֶלֶךְ הָֽאֱמֹרִי אֲשֶׁר יוֹשֵׁב בְּחֶשְׁבּֽוֹן׃
Adonoy said to Moshe, “Do not be afraid of him, for into your hand I have delivered him and all his people and territory; do to him as you have done to Sichon, King of the Emorite, who lives in Cheshbon.”
Adonoy said to Moshe, “Do not be afraid of him, for into your hand I have delivered him and all his people and territory; do to him as you have done to Sichon, King of the Emorite, who lives in Cheshbon.”
Rashi
אל תירא אתו. שֶׁהָיָה מֹשֶׁה יָרֵא לְהִלָּחֵם, שֶׁמָּא תַּעֲמֹד לוֹ זְכוּתוֹ שֶׁל אַבְרָהָם, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "וַיָּבֹא הַפָּלִיט" (בראשית י"ד) — הוּא עוֹג שֶׁפָּלַט מִן הָרְפָאִים שֶׁהִכּוּ כְּדָרְלָעֹמֶר וַחֲבֵרָיו בְּעַשְׁתְּרוֹת קַרְנַיִם, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דברים ג') "רַק עוֹג מֶלֶךְ הַבָּשָׁן נִשְׁאַר מִיֶּתֶר הָרְפָאִים" (נדה ס"א):
Do not be afraid of him. Moshe was afraid to do battle, for perhaps, the merit of Avrohom, would stand for him [Og] as it is said, “the one who had escaped came.” This was Og, who escaped, of the Rephaim whom Kedorlaomer and his cohorts smote in Ashteros Karnayim, as it is said, “for only Og, king of Bashan, was left of the remaining Rephaim.”
וַיַּכּוּ אֹתוֹ וְאֶת־בָּנָיו וְאֶת־כׇּל־עַמּוֹ עַד־בִּלְתִּי הִשְׁאִֽיר־לוֹ שָׂרִיד וַיִּֽירְשׁוּ אֶת־אַרְצֽוֹ׃
And they killed him (Og), his sons, and all his people, leaving no survivors; and they took possession of his land.
And they killed him (Og), his sons, and all his people, leaving no survivors; and they took possession of his land.
Rashi
ויכו אתו. מֹשֶׁה הֲרָגוֹ, כִּדְאִיתָא בִבְרָכוֹת בְּהָרוֹאֶה (ברכות דף נ"ד), עֲקַר טוּרָא בַּר תְּלָתָא פַרְסֵי וְכוּ':
They killed him. Moshe killed him, as stated in Berachos, in [the chapter of] Haroeh. He uprooted a mountain three parsaos long, etc.
Bamidbar 22
וַיִּסְעוּ בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל וַֽיַּחֲנוּ בְּעַֽרְבוֹת מוֹאָב מֵעֵבֶר לְיַרְדֵּן יְרֵחֽוֹ׃ {ס}
Bnei Yisroel traveled and camped in the western plains of Moav, across the Yardein from Yereicho.
Bnei Yisroel traveled and camped in the western plains of Moav, across the Yardein from Yereicho.
וישלח ישראל מלאכים. וּבְמָקוֹם אַחֵר תּוֹלֶה הַשְּׁלִיחוּת בְּמֹשֶׁה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "וָאֶשְׁלַח מַלְאָכִים מִמִּדְבַּר קְדֵמוֹת" (דברים ב'), וְכֵן "וַיִּשְׁלַח מֹשֶׁה מַלְאָכִים מִקָּדֵשׁ אֶל מֶלֶךְ אֱדוֹם" (במדבר כ'), וּבְיִפְתָּח הוּא אוֹמֵר (שופטים י"א) "וַיִּשְׁלַח יִשְׂרָאֵל מַלְאָכִים אֶל מֶלֶךְ אֱדוֹם" וְגוֹ', הַכְּתוּבִים הַלָּלוּ צְרִיכִין זֶה לָזֶה, זֶה נוֹעֵל וְזֶה פוֹתֵחַ, שֶׁמֹּשֶׁה הוּא יִשְׂרָאֵל וְיִשְׂרָאֵל הֵם מֹשֶׁה, לוֹמַר לְךָ שֶׁנְּשִׂיא הַדּוֹר הוּא כְּכָל הַדּוֹר, כִּי הַנָּשִׂיא הוּא הַכֹּל (תנחומא):
Yisroel sent emissaries. But elsewhere, the communication is attributed to Moshe, as it is said, “I sent emissaries from the eastern wilderness.” Similarly, “Moshe sent emissaries from Kadesh to the king of Edom”, but about Yiftach it says, “Israel sent emissaries to the king of Edom, etc.” These passages are mutually instructive, one closes, while the other opens. Moshe is Yisroel, Yisroel is Moshe, to teach you that the leader of the generation is like the entire generation. The leader is everything.