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Bamidbar 25

25:10

וַיְדַבֵּר יְהֹוָה אֶל־מֹשֶׁה לֵּאמֹֽר׃

Adonoy spoke to Moshe saying.

Adonoy spoke to Moshe saying.

25:11

פִּֽינְחָס*(בספרי ספרד ואשכנז נהוג לכתוב פִּֽינְחָס ביו״ד זעירא) בֶּן־אֶלְעָזָר בֶּן־אַהֲרֹן הַכֹּהֵן הֵשִׁיב אֶת־חֲמָתִי מֵעַל בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל בְּקַנְאוֹ אֶת־קִנְאָתִי בְּתוֹכָם וְלֹא־כִלִּיתִי אֶת־בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל בְּקִנְאָתִֽי׃

“Pinchas, the son of Elozor, [and grand] son of Aharon the kohein, has turned My anger away from Bnei Yisroel by his vengeance for Me among them, so that I did not destroy Bnei Yisroel in My vengeance.

“Pinchas, the son of Elozor, [and grand] son of Aharon the kohein, has turned My anger away from Bnei Yisroel by his vengeance for Me among them, so that I did not destroy Bnei Yisroel in My vengeance.

Rashi

פינחס בן אלעזר בן אהרן הכהן. לְפִי שֶׁהָיוּ הַשְּׁבָטִים מְבַזִּים אוֹתוֹ — הַרְאִיתֶם בֶּן פּוּטִי זֶה שֶׁפִּטֵּם אֲבִי אִמּוֹ עֲגָלִים לַעֲ"זָ וְהָרַג נְשִׂיא שֵׁבֶט מִיִּשְׂרָאֵל? לְפִיכָךְ בָּא הַכָּתוּב וְיִחֲסוֹ אַחַר אַהֲרֹן (סנהדרין פ"ב):

Pinchas the son of Elozor, the son of Aharon the kohein. Because the tri es disparaged him, [saying] ‘Have you seen that son of “Puti,” whose mother’s father fattened calves for idol worship, and who murdered the chieftain of a tribe of Israel?’ Therefore, Scripture traces his lineage to Aharon.

בקנאו את קנאתי. בְּנָקְמוֹ אֶת נִקְמָתִי — בְּקָצְפּוֹ אֶת הַקֶּצֶף שֶׁהָיָה לִי לִקְצֹף; כָּל לְשׁוֹן קִנְאָה הוּא הַמִּתְחָרֶה לִנְקֹם נִקְמַת דָּבָר, אנפרט"מנט בְּלַעַ"ז:

By his vengeance for Me. By avenging My vengeance — by his rage where I should have been enraged. קִנְאָה always denotes someone enflamed to avenge something. Enportment, “flaming anger,” in Old French.

25:12

לָכֵן אֱמֹר הִנְנִי נֹתֵן לוֹ אֶת־בְּרִיתִי שָׁלֽוֹם*(בספרי ספרד ואשכנז וי״ו קטיעא)׃

Therefore tell [him], that I give him My covenant [of] peace.

Therefore tell [him], that I give him My covenant [of] peace.

Rashi

את בריתי שלום. שֶׁתְּהֵא לוֹ לִבְרִית שָׁלוֹם, כְּאָדָם הַמַּחֲזִיק טוֹבָה וְחַנּוֹת לְמִי שֶׁעוֹשֶׂה עִמּוֹ טוֹבָה, אַף כָּאן פֵּרֵשׁ לוֹ הַקָּבָּ"ה שְׁלוֹמוֹתָיו:

My covenant [of] peace. To be a covenant of peace for him like a man who harbors gratitude and favor towards someone who benefitted him. Here, too, the Holy One, Blessed is He, expressed to him His peace.

25:13

וְהָיְתָה לּוֹ וּלְזַרְעוֹ אַחֲרָיו בְּרִית כְּהֻנַּת עוֹלָם תַּחַת אֲשֶׁר קִנֵּא לֵֽאלֹהָיו וַיְכַפֵּר עַל־בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃

It shall be for him and his descendants after him a covenant of eternal kehunah because he was zealous for his God and made atonement for Bnei Yisroel.”

It shall be for him and his descendants after him a covenant of eternal kehunah because he was zealous for his God and made atonement for Bnei Yisroel.”

Rashi

והיתה לו. בְרִיתִי זֹאת:

It shall be. To him — this covenant of Mine.

ברית כהנת עולם. שֶׁאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁכְּבָר נִתְּנָה כְהֻנָּה לְזַרְעוֹ שֶׁל אַהֲרֹן, לֹא נִתְּנָה אֶלָּא לְאַהֲרֹן וּלְבָנָיו שֶׁנִּמְשְׁחוּ עִמּוֹ וּלְתוֹלְדוֹתֵיהֶן שֶׁיּוֹלִידוּ אַחַר הַמְשָׁחָתָן, אֲבָל פִּינְחָס שֶׁנּוֹלַד קֹדֶם לָכֵן וְלֹא נִמְשַׁח לֹא בָא לִכְלַל כְּהֻנָּה עַד כָּאן; וְכֵן שָׁנִינוּ בִזְבָחִים (דף ק"א) לֹא נִתְכַּהֵן פִּינְחָס עַד שֶׁהֲרָגוֹ לְזִמְרִי:

A covenant of eternal kehunah. Although the kehunah had already been given to Aharon’s descendants, it was given solely to Aharon and his sons who were annointed with him, and to their generations who would be borne after their annointment. Pinchas, however, who was born before, and was not annointed, was not included in the kehunah until here. Similarly, we learned in Zevachim, ‘Pinchas was not rendered a kohein until he killed Zimri.’

לאלהיו. בִּשְׁבִיל אֱלֹהָיו, כְּמוֹ "הַמְקַנֵּא אַתָּה לִי" (במדבר י"א), "וְקִנֵּאתִי לְצִיּוֹן" (זכריה ח') — בִּשְׁבִיל צִיּוֹן:

For his God. For the sake of his God, like הַמְקַנֵּא אַתָּה לִי, “are you zealous ‘for’ me?” and קִנֵּאתִי לְצִיּוֹן, “for the sake of Tzion.”

25:14

וְשֵׁם אִישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵל הַמֻּכֶּה אֲשֶׁר הֻכָּה אֶת־הַמִּדְיָנִית זִמְרִי בֶּן־סָלוּא נְשִׂיא בֵֽית־אָב לַשִּׁמְעֹנִֽי׃

The name of the slain Israelite man, who was killed along with the Midianite woman, was Zimri, son of Salu, leader of a paternal house of Shimon.

The name of the slain Israelite man, who was killed along with the Midianite woman, was Zimri, son of Salu, leader of a paternal house of Shimon.

Rashi

ושם איש ישראל וגו'. בְּמָקוֹם שֶׁיִּחֵס אֶת הַצַּדִּיק לְשֶׁבַח, יִחֵס אֶת הָרָשָׁע לִגְנַאי (תנחומא):

The name of the Israelite man, etc. Where he mentions the relationship of the saint for praise he mentions the relationship of the wicked for shame.

נשיא בית אב לשמעני. לְאֶחָד מֵחֲמֵשֶׁת בָּתֵּי אָבוֹת שֶׁהָיוּ לְשֵׁבֶט שִׁמְעוֹן; דָּ"אַ — לְהוֹדִיעַ שִׁבְחוֹ שֶׁל פִּינְחָס, שֶׁאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁזֶּה הָיָה נָשִׂיא, לֹא מָנַע אֶת עַצְמוֹ מִלְּקַנֵּא לְחִלּוּל הַשֵּׁם, לְכָךְ הוֹדִיעֲךָ הַכָּתוּב מִי הוּא הַמֻּכֶּה:

Leader of a paternal house of Shimon. Of one of the five paternal houses of the tribe of Shimon. Another interpretation: To proclaim the merit of Pinchas. Although this one was a leader, he did not refrain from avenging the desecration of the Name [of God]. This is why Scripture informs you of the identity of the one who was killed.

25:15

וְשֵׁם הָֽאִשָּׁה הַמֻּכָּה הַמִּדְיָנִית כׇּזְבִּי בַת־צוּר רֹאשׁ אֻמּוֹת בֵּֽית־אָב בְּמִדְיָן הֽוּא׃ {פ}

The name of the slain Midianite woman was Kozbi, daughter of Tzur, the national leader of a paternal house in Midian.

The name of the slain Midianite woman was Kozbi, daughter of Tzur, the national leader of a paternal house in Midian.

Rashi

ושם האשה המכה וגו'. לְהוֹדִיעֲךָ שִׂנְאָתָן שֶׁל מִדְיָנִים — שֶׁהִפְקִירוּ בַּת מֶלֶךְ לִזְנוּת כְּדֵי לְהַחֲטִיא אֶת יִשְׂרָאֵל (שם):

The name of the slain woman, etc. To inform you of the hatred of the Midianites, who abandoned a princess to promiscuous behavior in order to entice the Israelites into sinning.

ראש אמות. אֶחָד מֵחֲמֵשֶׁת מַלְכֵי מִדְיָן "אֶת אֱוִי וְאֶת רֶקֶם וְאֶת צוּר" וְגוֹ' (במדבר ל״א:ח׳), וְהוּא הָיָה חָשׁוּב מִכֻּלָּם, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "רֹאשׁ אֻמּוֹת", וּלְפִי שֶׁנָּהַג בִּזָּיוֹן בְּעַצְמוֹ לְהַפְקִיר בִּתּוֹ, מְנָאוֹ שְׁלִישִׁי (שם):

The national leader. One of the five kings of Midian, “Evi, Rekem, Tzur, etc.” He was the most prominent of all of them, as it is said, “the national leader,” but because he debased himself by abandoning his daughter, he is counted third.

בית אב. חֲמִשָּׁה בָתֵּי אָבוֹת הָיוּ לְמִדְיָן: "עֵיפָה וָעֵפֶר וַחֲנֹךְ וַאֲבִידָע וְאֶלְדָּעָה" (בראשית כ"ה), וְזֶה הָיָה מֶלֶךְ לְאֶחָד מֵהֶם:

Of a paternal house. There were five paternal houses in Midian, Eiphah, Eipher, Chanoch, Avidah, and Eldoah. This one was the king of one them.

25:16

וַיְדַבֵּר יְהֹוָה אֶל־מֹשֶׁה לֵּאמֹֽר׃

Adonoy spoke to Moshe saying:

Adonoy spoke to Moshe saying:

25:17

צָרוֹר אֶת־הַמִּדְיָנִים וְהִכִּיתֶם אוֹתָֽם׃

“Antagonize the Midianites and kill them,

“Antagonize the Midianites and kill them,

Rashi

צרור. כְּמוֹ זָכוֹר, שָׁמוֹר, לְשׁוֹן הוֹוֶה — עֲלֵיכֶם לְאַיֵּב אוֹתָם:

Antagonize. Like זָכוֹר, “remember,” שָׁמוֹר,”keep,” meaning ongoing action. It is incumbent upon you to act with hostility toward them.

25:18

כִּי צֹרְרִים הֵם לָכֶם בְּנִכְלֵיהֶם אֲשֶׁר־נִכְּלוּ לָכֶם עַל־דְּבַר־פְּעוֹר וְעַל־דְּבַר כׇּזְבִּי בַת־נְשִׂיא מִדְיָן אֲחֹתָם הַמֻּכָּה בְיוֹם־הַמַּגֵּפָה עַל־דְּבַר־פְּעֽוֹר׃

for they antagonized you with their guiles in the matter of Pe’or, and in the matter of Kozbi the daughter of a Midianite prince, their sister, who was killed on the day of the plague that resulted from Pe’or.”

for they antagonized you with their guiles in the matter of Pe’or, and in the matter of Kozbi the daughter of a Midianite prince, their sister, who was killed on the day of the plague that resulted from Pe’or.”

Rashi

כי צוררים הם לכם וגו' על דבר פעור. שֶׁהִפְקִירוּ בְּנוֹתֵיהֶם לִזְנוּת, כְּדֵי לְהַטְעוֹתְכֶם אַחַר פְּעוֹר. וְאֶת מוֹאָב לֹא צִוָּה לְהַשְׁמִיד, מִפְּנֵי רוּת שֶׁהָיְתָה עֲתִידָה לָצֵאת מֵהֶם, כִּדְאָמְרִינַן בְּבָבָא קַמָּא (לח ב):

For they antagonized you, etc., in the matter of Pe’or. Since they abandoned their daughters to promiscuity in order to cause you to stray after Pe’or. However, He did not order the destruction of Moav, Because of Rus [Ruth], who was destined to emanate from them, as we state in Bava Kama.

Bamidbar 26

26:1

וַיְהִי אַחֲרֵי הַמַּגֵּפָה {פ}
וַיֹּאמֶר יְהֹוָה אֶל־מֹשֶׁה וְאֶל אֶלְעָזָר בֶּן־אַהֲרֹן הַכֹּהֵן לֵאמֹֽר׃

It was after the plague. Adonoy spoke to Moshe and Elozor, son of Aharon the kohein, saying:

It was after the plague. Adonoy spoke to Moshe and Elozor, son of Aharon the kohein, saying:

Rashi

ויהי אחרי המגפה וגו'. מָשָׁל לְרוֹעֶה שֶׁנִּכְנְסוּ זְאֵבִים לְתוֹךְ עֶדְרוֹ וְהָרְגוּ בָהֶן וְהוּא מוֹנֶה אוֹתָן לֵידַע מִנְיַן הַנּוֹתָרוֹת; דָּבָר אַחֵר — כְּשֶׁיָּצְאוּ מִמִּצְרַיִם וְנִמְסְרוּ לְמֹשֶׁה נִמְסְרוּ לוֹ בְּמִנְיָן, עַכְשָׁו שֶׁקָּרַב לָמוּת וּלְהַחֲזִיר צֹאנוֹ מַחֲזִירָן בְּמִנְיָן (תנחומא):

It was after the plague, etc. This is compared to a shepherd whose flock was infiltrated by wolves, who killed some of them. He counted them, to ascertain the number of those remaining. Another interpretation: When they left Egypt and were entrusted to Moshe, they were given to him with a reckoning; now that he neared death, and the return of his sheep, he returned them with a reckoning.

26:2

שְׂאוּ אֶת־רֹאשׁ ׀ כׇּל־עֲדַת בְּנֵי־יִשְׂרָאֵל מִבֶּן עֶשְׂרִים שָׁנָה וָמַעְלָה לְבֵית אֲבֹתָם כׇּל־יֹצֵא צָבָא בְּיִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃

“ count the whole community of Bnei Yisroel twenty years of age and above, according to their paternal house, every one who is fit for duty in the army of Yisroel.”

“ count the whole community of Bnei Yisroel twenty years of age and above, according to their paternal house, every one who is fit for duty in the army of Yisroel.”

Rashi

לבית אבתם. עַל שֵׁבֶט הָאָב יִתְיַחֲסוּ וְלֹא אַחַר הָאֵם (בבא בתרא ק"ט):

According to their paternal house. Their relationship follows the paternal tribe, rather than the maternal.

26:3

וַיְדַבֵּר מֹשֶׁה וְאֶלְעָזָר הַכֹּהֵן אֹתָם בְּעַֽרְבֹת מוֹאָב עַל־יַרְדֵּן יְרֵחוֹ לֵאמֹֽר׃

Moshe and Elozor the kohein spoke with them on the plains of Moav, by the Yardein near Yereicho, saying:

Moshe and Elozor the kohein spoke with them on the plains of Moav, by the Yardein near Yereicho, saying:

Rashi

וידבר משה ואלעזר הכהן אתם. דִּבְּרוּ עִמָּם עַל זֹאת שֶׁצִּוָּה הַמָּקוֹם לִמְנוֹתָם:

Moshe and Elozor the kohein spoke with them. They spoke with them concerning this — that the Omnipresent had commanded to count them.

לאמר. אָמְרוּ לָהֶם צְרִיכִים אַתֶּם לִמָּנוֹת מבן עשרים שנה ומעלה:

Saying. They said to them, ”You must be counted.”

26:4

מִבֶּן עֶשְׂרִים שָׁנָה וָמָעְלָה כַּאֲשֶׁר צִוָּה יְהֹוָה אֶת־מֹשֶׁה וּבְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל הַיֹּצְאִים מֵאֶרֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃

“[Count those] twenty years of age and above, as Adonoy commanded Moshe and Bnei Yisroel who had left Egypt.”

“[Count those] twenty years of age and above, as Adonoy commanded Moshe and Bnei Yisroel who had left Egypt.”

Rashi

כאשר צוה וגו'. שֶׁיְּהֵא מִנְיָנָם מִבֶּן עֶשְֹרִים שָׁנָה וָמַעְלָה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "כָּל הָעֹבֵר עַל הַפְּקֻדִים" וגו' (שמות ל'):

[Count those] twenty years of age and above, as [Adonoy] commanded, etc. That they be counted from the age of twenty and above, as it is said, “everyone passing by to be counted, etc.”

Texts

  • Hebrew: Miqra according to the Masorah · License: CC-BY-SA
  • English: Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009 · License: CC-BY
  • Hebrew: Pentateuch with Rashi's commentary by M. Rosenbaum and A.M. Silbermann -- corrected vocalization · License: PD
  • English: Rashi Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009 · License: CC-BY

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