Tanach
Hoshea 7 הושע ז׳
Reading: Hebrew · Simple EnglishHebrew · Faithful translationHebrew onlyHebrew · Simple EnglishHebrew · Faithful translationHebrew onlySimple English onlyFaithful translation onlySide by sideRashi
כְּרׇפְאִי לְיִשְׂרָאֵל וְנִגְלָה עֲוֺן אֶפְרַיִם וְרָעוֹת שֹׁמְרוֹן כִּי פָעֲלוּ שָׁקֶר וְגַנָּב יָבוֹא פָּשַׁט גְּדוּד בַּחֽוּץ׃
when I would have healed Yisra᾽el, then the iniquity of Efrayim was uncovered, and the wickedness of Shomeron: for they commit falsehood; and the thief comes in, and the bandits raid without.
when I would have healed Yisra᾽el, then the iniquity of Efrayim was uncovered, and the wickedness of Shomeron: for they commit falsehood; and the thief comes in, and the bandits raid without.
Rashi
וּבַל־יֹֽאמְרוּ לִלְבָבָם כׇּל־רָעָתָם זָכָרְתִּי עַתָּה סְבָבוּם מַעַלְלֵיהֶם נֶגֶד פָּנַי הָיֽוּ׃
And they consider not in their hearts that I remember all their wickedness: now their own doings have beset them about; they are before my face.
And they consider not in their hearts that I remember all their wickedness: now their own doings have beset them about; they are before my face.
Rashi
ובל יאמרו ללבבם. אינן נותנין אל לבם שכל רעתם כתובה לזכרון לפני:
They do not say in their heart They do not lay it up to their heart that all their evil is inscribed before Me as a remembrance.
בְּרָעָתָם יְשַׂמְּחוּ־מֶלֶךְ וּבְכַחֲשֵׁיהֶם שָׂרִֽים׃
They make the king glad with their wickedness, and the princes with their lies.
They make the king glad with their wickedness, and the princes with their lies.
Rashi
ישמחו מלך. מלכם חפץ ברעה שהם עושים:
they make the king glad Their king desires the evil that they do.
כֻּלָּם מְנָאֲפִים כְּמוֹ תַנּוּר בֹּעֵרָה מֵאֹפֶה יִשְׁבּוֹת מֵעִיר מִלּוּשׁ בָּצֵק עַד־חֻמְצָתֽוֹ׃
They are all adulterers, like an oven heated by the baker; he rests from stoking the fire; from the time of the kneading of the dough, until it is leavened.
They are all adulterers, like an oven heated by the baker; he rests from stoking the fire; from the time of the kneading of the dough, until it is leavened.
Rashi
בוערה מאופה. שהוסקה מיד הנחתום כן יצרם בוער בקרבם:
like an oven heated by the baker that was heated by the baker, so does their lust burn within them.
ישבות מעיר. י"ת מה שתירגם ואיני יכול ליישב בו לשון המקרא ולפי משמעו ישבות יצרם הרע שהיה מעירם:
he rests from awakening Heb. יִשְׁבּוֹת מֵעִיר. Jonathan translated what he translated: I cannot reconcile it with the wording of the verse, and, according to its apparent meaning, their temptation, which arouses them, rests.
מלוש בצק עד חומצתו. משחשב בלבו את הרעה כיצד יעשה אותה הוא שובת וישן עד הבוקר שהוא יכול לעשותה כמו שהאופה שובת מלוש בצק עד שהחמיצה שהוא יכול לאפות וכן הוא אומר (במיכה ב׳:א׳) הוי חושבי און ופועלי רע כל משכבותם כאור הבקר יעשוה:
from the kneading the dough until it leavens From the time he thinks of the evil in his heart, how he will do it, he rests and sleeps until morning, when he can do it, just as the baker rests from the kneading of the dough until it leavens, when he can bake it. And so it is stated in Micah (2: 1): “Woe is to those who plan iniquity and work evil on their beds; when the morning lights up, they do it.”
יוֹם מַלְכֵּנוּ הֶחֱלוּ שָׂרִים חֲמַת מִיָּיִן מָשַׁךְ יָדוֹ אֶת־לֹצְצִֽים׃
On the day of our king, the princes were sick with the heat of wine; he stretched out his hand with scorners.
On the day of our king, the princes were sick with the heat of wine; he stretched out his hand with scorners.
Rashi
יום מלכנו. ביום שהיה ממליכין את מלכיהם:
The day of our king The day we crown our king.
החלו שרים. נעשו שרינו חולים:
the princes became ill Our princes became ill.
חמת מיין. מחום היין הבוער בם והמלך מושך ידו מן הטובי' והכשרים להתחבר את לוצצים:
from the heat of the wine From the heat of the wine which burns within them, and the king withdraws his hand from the good and proper people to join the scorners.
כִּֽי־קֵרְבוּ כַתַּנּוּר לִבָּם בְּאׇרְבָּם כׇּל־הַלַּיְלָה יָשֵׁן אֹֽפֵהֶם בֹּקֶר הוּא בֹעֵר כְּאֵשׁ לֶהָבָֽה׃
For they made ready their heart like an oven, whilst they lie in wait: their baker sleeps all the night; in the morning it burns like a flaming fire.
For they made ready their heart like an oven, whilst they lie in wait: their baker sleeps all the night; in the morning it burns like a flaming fire.
Rashi
כי קרבו כתנור לבם בארבם. הכינו והזמינו את לבם במעשה אורב שלהם כתנור זה שמכינים ומסיקין אותו לאפות:
For they have made ready their heart like an oven with their ambush They prepared and readied their heart with their ambush, like an oven which they prepare and heat in order to bake.
כל הלילה ישן אופיהם. נחתום שלהם המסיק את התנור לאחר שהכינו לבם וחשבו את גמר הרעה איך יעשוה:
all night their baker sleeps Their baker, who heats the oven after they have prepared their heart and have thought of the execution of the evil, how they would do it.
ישן אופיהם. כלומר עד הבוקר ישנים ולבוקר בוערים כאש עד שגמרו את רעתם:
their baker sleeps i.e., until morning they sleep, and in the morning they burn like fire until they consummate their evil.
כֻּלָּם יֵחַמּוּ כַּתַּנּוּר וְאָכְלוּ אֶת־שֹׁפְטֵיהֶם כׇּל־מַלְכֵיהֶם נָפָלוּ אֵין־קֹרֵא בָהֶם אֵלָֽי׃
They are all hot as an oven, and have devoured their judges; all their kings are fallen: there is none among them that calls to me.
They are all hot as an oven, and have devoured their judges; all their kings are fallen: there is none among them that calls to me.
Rashi
ואכלו את שופטיהם. הרגו את סנהדרין שלהם לפי שהיו מוחים בידם ומה עלתה להם כל מלכיהם נפלו לפי שאין קורא בהם אלי ובירושלמי במסכת ע"ז דרשו ביום שהמליכו את ירבעם החלו שרים חמת מיין כמו שמפורש אתון לגביה אמרין ליה קום עבד לן עכו"ם אמר לון השתא עתי רמשא הוא וכל עמא שתיין כלומר עת שכרות הוא שמא עכשיו שכורים אתם ומחר תחזרו בכם איזלון ואיתו בצפר' אזלו ואתו בצפרא הדא היא כי קרבו כתנור וגו' אמר לון אנא דחיל מן סנהדרין דילכון אמרון ליה אנן קטלינן לון הדא היא ואכלו את שופטיהם:
and they devour their judges They slew their Sanhedrin because they protested against them, and what happened to them? All their kings have fallen because “none of them calls to me.” And in the Palestinian Talmud in tractate Avodah Zarah (1:1) it is expounded as follows: On the day they crowned Jeroboam, “the princes became ill from the heat of wine” as is explained. They came to him and said to him, “Get up! Make idols for us.” He replied, “Now is the time of evening, and all the people are drinking”; i.e., it is a time of drunkenness. Perhaps now you are drunk, and tomorrow you will recant. “Go and return in the morning.” They went and returned in the morning. That is what is written: “For they have made ready etc.” He said to them, “I fear your Sanhedrin.” They replied, “We will kill them.” I.e. what is written: “And they devour their judges.”
משך ידו וגו'. כד הוה חמי בר נש כשר הוה מותיב גבוי תרין ליצנין ואינון אמרין לו איזה דור חביב מכל הדורות והוא אמר לון דור המדבר ואינון אמרין לו ולא עבדין עכו"ם והוא אמר לון אגב דהוו חביבין לא איתענשון ואינון אמרין לו חש דמלכא בעי למעבד כן דום שהמלך רוצה לעשות כן:
“He draws his hand etc.” When he saw a righteous man, he would seat two scorners next to him, and they would say to him, “Which generation was the most beloved of all generations?” And he would reply, “The generation of the desert.” And they would say to him, “Did they not worship idols?” And he would reply, “Since they were beloved, they were not punished.” And they would say to him, “Quiet! The king wants to do that.”
אֶפְרַיִם בָּעַמִּים הוּא יִתְבּוֹלָל אֶפְרַיִם הָיָה עֻגָה בְּלִי הֲפוּכָֽה׃
Efrayim, he has mingled himself among the peoples; Efrayim is a cake not turned.
Efrayim, he has mingled himself among the peoples; Efrayim is a cake not turned.
Rashi
יתבולל. יבולבל בגולה בין האומות:
mingles He will mingle in exile with the nations.
עוגה בלי הפוכה. תירגם יונתן כחררה דעד דלא איתהפכת איתאכלת עוגה חררה שאופין על הגחלים:
as a cake which was not turned over Jonathan renders: as a cake which, before being turned over, was consumed. עֻגָה is a cake which they bake on the coals.
אָכְלוּ זָרִים כֹּחוֹ וְהוּא לֹא יָדָע גַּם־שֵׂיבָה זָרְקָה בּוֹ וְהוּא לֹא יָדָֽע׃
Strangers have devoured his strength, and he knows it not: yea, grey hairs are here and there upon him, yet he knows not.
Strangers have devoured his strength, and he knows it not: yea, grey hairs are here and there upon him, yet he knows not.
Rashi
והוא לא ידע. לא שם אל לבו שאכלוהו מלכי ארם בימי יהואחז שנא' (מלכים ב י״ג:ז׳) כי לא השאיר ליהואחז וגומר וישימם כעפר לדוש ואעפ"כ לא חזר ירבעם בנו מדעת (מרעת ס"א) אביו:
but he did not know He did not lay it up to his heart that the kings of Aram consumed him in the days of Jehoahaz, as it is said: (II Kings 13:7) “For he had not left to Jehoahaz etc. and made them like dust to trample.” Nonetheless, Jeroboam his son did not repent of his father’s evil.
גם שיבה זרקה. תרגום יונתן אף חלישותא מטתינון ואינון לא מסתכלין:
also weakness was cast Heb. שֵׂיבָה, lit. ripe old age. Jonathan rendered. Also weakness reached them, but they did not contemplate it.
וְעָנָה גְאֽוֹן־יִשְׂרָאֵל בְּפָנָיו וְלֹא־שָׁבוּ אֶל־יְהֹוָה אֱלֹהֵיהֶם וְלֹא בִקְשֻׁהוּ בְּכׇל־זֹֽאת׃
And the pride of Yisra᾽el testifies to his face: and they do not return to the Lord their God, nor seek him for all this.
And the pride of Yisra᾽el testifies to his face: and they do not return to the Lord their God, nor seek him for all this.
Rashi
וענה גאון ישראל בפניו. וימאך יקרא דישראל ואינון חזן ל' עוני ואין וענה זה ל' עתיד אלא ל' עבר כמו וקרא זה אל זה (ישעי' ו) שמעתי שקרא זה אל זה וכמו ועשה לו כתונת פסים (בראשי' לז) ואף זה לשון עבר כבר נמעטו ונשפלו ובכל זאת לא שבו אל ה':
And the pride of Israel was humbled before Him Heb. וְעָנָה. And the glory of Israel was humbled and they saw; an expression of humility, and this is not a future tense but a past tense. Comp. (Isa. 6: 3) “And one called (וְקָרָא) to the other.” I heard that one called to the other. Also (Gen. 37:3) “and he made (וְעָשָׂה) for him a woolen shirt.” This too is a past tense. They have already been diminished and humbled, and, despite this, they did not return to the Lord.
וַיְהִי אֶפְרַיִם כְּיוֹנָה פוֹתָה אֵין לֵב מִצְרַיִם קָרָאוּ אַשּׁוּר הָלָֽכוּ׃
Efrayim also is like a silly dove without heart: they call to Miżrayim, they go to Ashshur.
Efrayim also is like a silly dove without heart: they call to Miżrayim, they go to Ashshur.
Rashi
אין לב. להבחין מה טוב להם ומה רע להם:
without a heart to discern between what was good for them and what was bad for them.
מצרים קראו. לאותם שהרעו להם מעולם הם קוראים לעזרה:
they called upon Egypt To those who have always harmed them, they call for aid.
אשור הלכו. אל מלך אשור הלכו שיעזור להם:
they went to Assyria They went to the king of Assyria that he should aid them.
כַּאֲשֶׁר יֵלֵכוּ אֶפְרוֹשׂ עֲלֵיהֶם רִשְׁתִּי כְּעוֹף הַשָּׁמַיִם אוֹרִידֵם אַיְסִירֵם כְּשֵׁמַע לַעֲדָתָֽם׃ {ס}
As they go, I will spread my net upon them; I will bring them down like the birds of the sky; I will chastise them, as their congregation has heard.
As they go, I will spread my net upon them; I will bring them down like the birds of the sky; I will chastise them, as their congregation has heard.
Rashi
כאשר ילכו. למצרים:
When they go to Egypt.
אפרוש עליהם רשתי כעוף השמים. שהנשר והנץ עולין למעלה ממנו ומורידין אותו לארץ כן אורידם במצרים על ידי נבוכדנצר:
I will spread My net over them; like the fowl of the heaven For the eagle and the hawk ascend higher than he and they bring them down to the earth, so will I bring them down in Egypt through Nebuchadnezzar. Another explanation: like the fowl of the heaven that is caught in a net hung on poles, and after they are in the net, they bring down the net.
איסירם כשמע לעדתם. אביא עליהם יסורים ככל אשר אני משמיע לעדתם ביד ירמיה הנביא שעתידין הם לומר לו התפלל נא בעדנו וגו' (ירמיהו מ״ב:ג׳) ויגד לנו ה' אלהיך וגומר אם טוב ואם רע וגו' ואמר להם אם שום תשימו נפשיכם לשוב מצרים והיתה החרב אשר את' יראים ממנה שם תשיג אתכם וכל הענין:
I will chastise them as I let their congregation hear I will bring chastisements upon them according to all that I let them hear through Jeremiah the prophet, that they are destined to say to him (42:2-6) “And pray in our behalf etc. And let the Lord your God tell etc. Whether good or bad etc.” And he said to them (verse 15f.), “If you direct your faces to come to Egypt etc. the sword that you fear will overtake you there,” and the entire section.
איסירם. לשון ייסורין ומנחם פי' ל' קשר ומוסרותיך אנתק (ירמיהו ל׳:ח׳) אבל דונש פתר ל' ייסורין כמו (ויקר' כו) ליסר אתכם ונוסף היו"ד השני באיסירם כאשר נוסף ביישירו ועפעפיך יישירו נגדך (משלי ד׳:כ״ה) ל"א כעוף השמים הנלכד ברשת התלויה על כלונסות ולאחר שהם ברשת מורידין הרשת:
I will chastise them Heb. אַיְסִירֵם, an expression of chastisements (יִסּוּרִין) and Menahem (Machbereth Menahem pp. 128f.) explained [it as] an expression of binding. Comp. (Jer. 30:8) “and I will break your thongs (מוֹסְרוֹתֶיךָ),” but Dunash (Teshuvoth Dunash p. 34) interpreted [it as] an expression of chastisements (יִסּוּרִין). Comp. (Lev. 26:18) “to chastise you (לְיַסְרָה).” And the second “yud” in אַיְסִירֵם is added, as it is added in (יַיְשִׁירוּ) (Prov. 4:25) “and your eyelids look straight (יַיְשִירוּ) ahead of you.”
אוֹי לָהֶם כִּֽי־נָדְדוּ מִמֶּנִּי שֹׁד לָהֶם כִּי־פָשְׁעוּ בִי וְאָנֹכִי אֶפְדֵּם וְהֵמָּה דִּבְּרוּ עָלַי כְּזָבִֽים׃
Woe to them! for they have fled from me: destruction to them! because they have transgressed against me: I would have redeemed them, but they have spoken lies against me.
Woe to them! for they have fled from me: destruction to them! because they have transgressed against me: I would have redeemed them, but they have spoken lies against me.
Rashi
ואנכי אפדם. אני הייתי חפץ לפדותם מרעה אשר הם בה:
I would redeem them I wanted to redeem them from the evil in which they are [found].
והם דברו עלי כזבים. אמרו אל ירמיה שקר אתה מדבר (שם מג) לא שלחך ה' לאמר אל תבואו מצרים:
but they spoke lies about Me They said to Jeremiah, (Jer. 43:2) “You speak falsely; the Lord our God did not send you to say, ‘You shall not come to Egypt.’”
וְלֹא־זָעֲקוּ אֵלַי בְּלִבָּם כִּי יְיֵלִילוּ עַל־מִשְׁכְּבוֹתָם עַל־דָּגָן וְתִירוֹשׁ יִתְגּוֹרָרוּ יָסוּרוּ בִֽי׃
And they have not cried to me with their heart, though they howled upon their beds: they assemble themselves for corn and wine, and they rebel against me.
And they have not cried to me with their heart, though they howled upon their beds: they assemble themselves for corn and wine, and they rebel against me.
Rashi
כי יילילו על משכבותם. כי על כן תבא להם יללה כך ת"י:
therefore, they will wail on their beds Because, therefore, a wail will come to them. So did Jonathan render it.
יתגוררו. יש להם מגורות של דגן לפיכך יסורו וימרדו בי:
they store up They have many granaries of corn; therefore, they turn away and rebel against Me.
וַאֲנִי יִסַּרְתִּי חִזַּקְתִּי זְרוֹעֹתָם וְאֵלַי יְחַשְּׁבוּ־רָֽע׃
Though I have trained them and strengthened their arms, yet do they devise mischief against me.
Though I have trained them and strengthened their arms, yet do they devise mischief against me.
Rashi
ואני יסרתי חזקתי זרועותם. ביראתי על ידי נביאי לשמוע אליהם במה שהם מייסרים אותם ויתחזקו זרועותם:
But I chastised them, I strengthened their arms with My fear, through My prophets, to hearken to them with what they were chastising them, and their arms would be strengthened.
יָשׁוּבוּ ׀ לֹא עָל הָיוּ כְּקֶשֶׁת רְמִיָּה יִפְּלוּ בַחֶרֶב שָׂרֵיהֶם מִזַּעַם לְשׁוֹנָם זוֹ לַעְגָּם בְּאֶרֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃
They turn to them, but to no avail: they are like a deceitful bow: their princes shall fall by the sword for the rage of their tongue: this shall be their derision in the land of Miżrayim.
They turn to them, but to no avail: they are like a deceitful bow: their princes shall fall by the sword for the rage of their tongue: this shall be their derision in the land of Miżrayim.
Rashi
ישובו לא על. שבו למצרים ולא להועיל להם לכך נקוד על בקמץ כמו (שמואל ב כ״ג:א׳) נאם הגבר הוקם על שהוא לשון עילוי ואינו דבוק לתיבה שלאחריו:
They will return, but to no avail Heb. עָל. They returned to Egypt, but it did not avail them. Therefore, עָל is vowelized with a “kamatz.” Comp. (II Sam. 23:1) “The word of the man raised up high (עָל),” which is an expression of raising up and is not attached to the following word.
היו כקשת רמיה. כשרוצה לירות בו חץ לצפון הוא יורה לדרום:
they were like a deceitful bow which, when one wishes to shoot with it toward the north, shoots toward the south.
יפלו בחרב שריהם. יוחנן בן קרח (ירמיהו מ״ג:ד׳) וכל החיילים ששבו למצרי':
their princes shall fall by the sword Jonathan son of Kareah and all the officers of the armies who returned to Egypt.
מזעם לשונם. לשון קשה שהשיבו לירמיה:
from the fury of their tongue The harsh language with which they replied to Jeremiah.
זו לעגם. אשר ילעיגו להם בארץ מצרים למה שבת' אצלנו כדי להביא עלינו פורעניות והלא כתוב לכם לא תוסיפו לראותם עוד (שמות י״ד:י״ג):
This is their derision which they will deride them in the land of Egypt. Why have you returned to us to bring retribution upon us? Is it not written concerning you,” (Ex. 14:13) “You shall no longer continue to see them”?
כרפאי לישראל. כשאני חפץ להושיעם ולרפאות עוונותם נגלו לפני כי פעלו תמיד שקר וגנבים מהם תמיד באים וגונבים ממון חביריהם ואף פושטי' גדודיהם בלסטיות ללסטם את הבריות:
When I would heal Israel When I wish to save them and heal them, their iniquities are revealed before Me, for they constantly commit falsehood, and thieves come constantly from them and steal their neighbors’ property, and also their bands spread out with lawlessness, to rob the people.