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6:14

וַיִּבֶן שְׁלֹמֹה אֶת־הַבַּיִת וַיְכַלֵּֽהוּ׃

And so Shlomo built the Beis Hamikdosh and completed it.

And so Shlomo built the Beis Hamikdosh and completed it.

6:15

וַיִּבֶן אֶת־קִירוֹת הַבַּיִת מִבַּיְתָה בְּצַלְעוֹת אֲרָזִים מִקַּרְקַע הַבַּיִת עַד־קִירוֹת הַסִּפֻּן צִפָּה עֵץ מִבָּיִת וַיְצַף אֶת־קַרְקַע הַבַּיִת בְּצַלְעוֹת בְּרוֹשִֽׁים׃

He built the walls of the Beis Hamikdosh on the inside, with panels of cedar. From the floor of the Beis Hamikdosh to the beams of the ceiling, he covered with wood on the inside. He covered the floor of the Beis Hamikdosh with boards of cypress.

He built the walls of the Beis Hamikdosh on the inside, with panels of cedar. From the floor of the Beis Hamikdosh to the beams of the ceiling, he covered with wood on the inside. He covered the floor of the Beis Hamikdosh with boards of cypress.

Rashi

מביתה בצלעות ארזים. קירות ארז אצל קיר האבן, כדי לטוח עליו זהב, כמו שהוא אומר למטה (פסוק כא): ויצף שלמה את הבית פנימה זהב סגור, ואי אפשר לטוח זהב על גבי האבנים, כי אם בעצים ובמסמרות:

With panels of cedar. Boards of cedar against the stone wall in order to coat it with gold, as it states below, “And Shlomo covered the inside of the Beis Hamikdosh with refined gold,”24Below, v. 21. and it is impossible to coat gold on top of the stones, without wood and nails.

קירות הספון. קירות העלייה:

Beams of the ceiling. The boards of the attic.

את קרקע הבית. הרצפה כולה:

The floor of the Beis Hamikdosh. The entire floor.

6:16

וַיִּבֶן אֶת־עֶשְׂרִים אַמָּה (מירכותי) [מִֽיַּרְכְּתֵי] הַבַּיִת בְּצַלְעוֹת אֲרָזִים מִן־הַקַּרְקַע עַד־הַקִּירוֹת וַיִּבֶן לוֹ מִבַּיִת לִדְבִיר לְקֹדֶשׁ הַקֳּדָשִֽׁים׃

And he built twenty amohs at the end of the Beis Hamikdosh with cedar boards, from the floor to the ceiling. He built it on the inner side of the partition for the Holy of Holies.

And he built twenty amohs at the end of the Beis Hamikdosh with cedar boards, from the floor to the ceiling. He built it on the inner side of the partition for the Holy of Holies.

Rashi

את עשרים אמה מירכתי הבית. עשרים שהן מסוף ההיכל והלאה, והעשרים שבסוף הבית, הן של בית הכפורת (דהיינו קדשי הקדשים):

The twenty amohs at the end of the Beis Hamikdosh. The twenty [amohs] which were at the end of the Sanctuary and beyond, and the twenty [amohs] which were at the end of the building, they are the house containing the Ark cover (i.e., the Holy of Holies).

עד הק רות. עד התקרה, עשה קיר ארז לכסות קיר האבן, לטוח עליו זהב:

To the ceiling. He made the walls of cedar until the ceiling to cover the walls of stone in order to coat it with gold.

ויבן לו. אותם עשרים אמה:

He built it. Those twenty amohs.

מבית לדביר. לפנים ממחיצת אמה טרקסין, המפסקת בין ארבעים לעשרים, ואותה מחיצה קרויה דביר:

On the inner side of the partition. Inward of the “Amma Traksin” [partition], which separated between the forty [amohs] and the twenty [amohs], and that partition is called “Dvir.”25Also, “Dvir” sometimes means the Holy of Holies. See Rashi in v. 5 above and also the Metzudas Tzion there.

לקדש הקדשים. הבדילן לאותן עשרים אמה:

For the Holy of Holies. He designated those twenty amohs.

6:17

וְאַרְבָּעִים בָּאַמָּה הָיָה הַבָּיִת הוּא הַהֵיכָל לִפְנָֽי׃

The Beis Hamikdosh was forty amohs, that is the Sanctuary before it. [In front of the Holy of Holies].

The Beis Hamikdosh was forty amohs, that is the Sanctuary before it. [In front of the Holy of Holies].

Rashi

ההיכל לפני. לפני הדביר לצד החוץ:

That is the Sanctuary before it. In front of the partition towards the outside.

6:18

וְאֶרֶז אֶל־הַבַּיִת פְּנִימָה מִקְלַעַת פְּקָעִים וּפְטוּרֵי צִצִּים הַכֹּל אֶרֶז אֵין אֶבֶן נִרְאָֽה׃

The cedar on the inside of the Beis Hamikdosh. was carved with designs of buds and blossoming flowers. It was all cedar [wood]; no stone was visible.

The cedar on the inside of the Beis Hamikdosh. was carved with designs of buds and blossoming flowers. It was all cedar [wood]; no stone was visible.

Rashi

וארז אל הבית פנימה מקלעת פקעים פירוש, ואותם קירות ארזים שעשה אל הבית פנימה, לכסות קיר האבן, קלוע היה בציורי קליעות וצורות פקעים, כמין כפתורים: פקעים. למויישייל"ש בלע"ז:

The cedar of the inside of the Beis Hamikdosh was carved with designs. This means, that those cedar boards which he made for the inside of the building to cover the stone walls, were carved with figured carvings and forms of fragments resembling knobs; פקעים are imosjjls, in O.F.

ופטורי צצים. תרגם יונתן: ואטונין שושנין, צורת שלשלאות:

Of buds and blossoming flowers. [Targum] Yonoson rendered, “and cords and flowers,” in the form of chains.

פטורי. לשון חבלים, כלשון גמרא, כמו (מועד קטן כט א ; ברכות ח א): כפיטורי בפי ושט:

Buds. [פטורי is] an expression of cords in the language of the Talmud, as in, “as the rope through the loophole.”26Maseches Berachos 8a.

צצים. לשון פרחים, כמו (במדבר יז כג): ויצץ ציץ, חבלים ופרחים. ומנחם חברו: פטורי, לשון (שמות יג יב): פטר רחם וכמו (תהלים כב ח): יפטירו בשפה:

Blossoming flowers. [צצים is] an expression of flowers, as in, “and it bloomed [ויצץ] buds [ציץ],”27Bamidbar 17:23. cords and blossoms. But Menachem related פטורי as an expression of, “to open [פטר] of the womb,”28Shemos 13:12. and as in, “they open [יפטירו] the lip.”29Tehillim 22:8.

הכל ארז אין אבן נראה. (תרגום:) כל ביתא חפי נסרין דארזא לית אבנא מתחזיא:

All was cedar [wood] no stone was visible. [Targum Yonoson rendered,] “the whole building was covered with cedar boards, no stone was visible.”

מקלעת פקעים. תרגם יונתן: גלף חיזו ביעין (פירוש, חקוק כדמות ביצים עגולים):

Carved with designs. [Targum] Yonoson rendered, “and engraved was a resemblance of eggs.”30Alternatively, פקעים are designs of fruit.—Metzudas Tzion. (Meaning engraved in the shape of round eggs.)

6:19

וּדְבִיר בְּתוֹךְ־הַבַּיִת מִפְּנִימָה הֵכִין לְתִתֵּן שָׁם אֶת־אֲרוֹן בְּרִית יְהֹוָֽה׃

And the Holy of Holies within the Beis Hamikdosh, he prepared to place there the Ark of the Covenant of Adonoy.

And the Holy of Holies within the Beis Hamikdosh, he prepared to place there the Ark of the Covenant of Adonoy.

Rashi

ודביר בתוך הבית. מחיצת אמה טרקסין:

And the Holy of Holies within the Beis Hamikdosh. The “Amoh Traksin” partition.

לתתן. כמו לתת:

To place. [It has the same meaning] as לתת.31Knowing that the Beis Hamikdosh will eventually be destroyed Shlomo “prepared ]=[הכין” for the moment by excavating under the Sanctuary a chamber that was hidden in deep and winding tunnels. The chamber was large enough to accommodate the Ark which would be hidden there right before the destruction. See II Divrei Hayomim 35:3 and Maseches Yoma 52b.

6:20

וְלִפְנֵי הַדְּבִיר עֶשְׂרִים אַמָּה אֹרֶךְ וְעֶשְׂרִים אַמָּה רֹחַב וְעֶשְׂרִים אַמָּה קוֹמָתוֹ וַיְצַפֵּהוּ זָהָב סָגוּר וַיְצַף מִזְבֵּחַ אָֽרֶז׃

The inside of the Holy of Holies was twenty amohs long, twenty amohs wide and twenty amohs high. He covered it with refined gold and covered the Altar with cedar wood.

The inside of the Holy of Holies was twenty amohs long, twenty amohs wide and twenty amohs high. He covered it with refined gold and covered the Altar with cedar wood.

Rashi

ולפני הדביר. לפנים מאותה מחיצה, חלל של עשרים אורך, ושל עשרים רוחב:

The inside of the Holy of Holies. Within that partition was an area of twenty [amohs] long and twenty [amohs] wide.

ועשרים אמה קומתו. כלומר עליית של בית קדשי הקדשים, נמוכה משל היכל:

And twenty amohs high. I.e., the height of the Holy of Holies was lower than that of the Temple.32The height of the Holy of Holies was twenty amohs, and the height of the Temple was stated as thirty amohs in v. 2 above.

ויצפהו. לדביר, היא המחיצה:

He covered it. The Sanctuary, [i.e.,] the partition.

זהב סגור. פירשו בו רבותינו (יומא מה א): בשעה שנפתח לימכר, כל חנויות אחרות נסגרות. ויונתן תרגם: דהב טב, רוצה לומר: מי שיש לו ממנו, סוגרו לעצמו:

Refined gold. Our Rabbis explained this [סגור], that at the time [this type of gold] was offered for sale, all other stores were closed [=נסגרות].33See Maseches Yoma 45a. The other stores were closed because no one would want to buy regular gold. But [Targum] Yonoson rendered this as “good gold,” i.e., he who possesses this gold “locks” it [סוגרו] for himself.34It is so precious that he keeps it closed up all the time.

ויצף מזבח ארז. הוא מזבח הקטרת ותמיה אני, ושל משה למה נגנז:

[He] covered the altar with cedar wood. That is the [golden] altar of incense, but I am perplexed, why was Moshe’s [golden altar] hidden?

6:21

וַיְצַף שְׁלֹמֹה אֶת־הַבַּיִת מִפְּנִימָה זָהָב סָגוּר וַיְעַבֵּר (ברתיקות) [בְּרַתּוּקוֹת] זָהָב לִפְנֵי הַדְּבִיר וַיְצַפֵּהוּ זָהָֽב׃

And Shlomo covered the inside of the Beis Hamikdosh with refined gold, and he attached bars of golden chains before the Holy of Holies and he covered it with gold.

And Shlomo covered the inside of the Beis Hamikdosh with refined gold, and he attached bars of golden chains before the Holy of Holies and he covered it with gold.

Rashi

את הבית. בית קדשי הקדשים:

The [inside of the] Beis Hamikdosh. The room of the Holy of Holies.

ויעבר. לשון בריחים:

And he attached bars. [ויעבר] is an expression of bolts.

ברתוקות. שלשלאות:

Chains. Chains.

6:22

וְאֶת־כׇּל־הַבַּיִת צִפָּה זָהָב עַד־תֹּם כׇּל־הַבָּיִת וְכׇל־הַמִּזְבֵּחַ אֲֽשֶׁר־לַדְּבִיר צִפָּה זָהָֽב׃

And the whole Beis Hamikdosh he covered with gold until the the whole Beis Hamikdosh was completed; and the whole Altar of the Holy of Holies, he [also] covered with gold.

And the whole Beis Hamikdosh he covered with gold until the the whole Beis Hamikdosh was completed; and the whole Altar of the Holy of Holies, he [also] covered with gold.

Rashi

ואת כל הבית. כל ההיכל כולו:

And the whole Beis Hamikdosh. [I.e.,] the entire Sanctuary.

6:23

וַיַּעַשׂ בַּדְּבִיר שְׁנֵי כְרוּבִים עֲצֵי־שָׁמֶן עֶשֶׂר אַמּוֹת קוֹמָתֽוֹ׃

And he made in the Holy of Holies two cherubim of olive wood. Each of them was ten amohs high.

And he made in the Holy of Holies two cherubim of olive wood. Each of them was ten amohs high.

Rashi

עצי שמן. (תרגום:) דאעי זיתא:

Olive wood. [Targum Yonoson rendered,] “olive wood.”35עצי שמן literally means “oil wood.” Rashi indicates they are identical. However, in Nechemya 8:15 they are listed separately.

עשר אמות קומתו. ורגליהם בקרקע עומדים, אחד מצפון לארון, ואחד מן הדרום, סוככים על הארון ועל בדיו, אורך הכנפים מכסים מקצת (רוחב הבדים), שהארון היה נתון ארכו לרחבו של בית, ובדיו בולטין בפתח הדביר בפרוכת שכנגד הפתח, ובדיו נתונין בראשי ארכן, כדי שיהיו שני לוים יכולים ליכנס ביניהם, כשנושאין אותו במדבר:

Ten amohs high. And their legs were standing on the ground,36Unlike the cherubim that were made by Betzalel which were on the cover of the Ark and faced each other . See Shemos 37:9. one was on the north of the Ark and one on the south, covering the Ark and its poles. The length of the wings covered part (of the poles’ width) since the Ark’s length was set to the width of the Temple, and its poles were protruding at the entrance of the Holy of Holies into the curtain which was at the entrance. Its poles were set at the ends of the Ark’s length, in order that two Leviyim should be able to enter between them, when they were carrying it in the wilderness.

6:24

וְחָמֵשׁ אַמּוֹת כְּנַף הַכְּרוּב הָאֶחָת וְחָמֵשׁ אַמּוֹת כְּנַף הַכְּרוּב הַשֵּׁנִית עֶשֶׂר אַמּוֹת מִקְצוֹת כְּנָפָיו וְעַד־קְצוֹת כְּנָפָֽיו׃

The wing of one cherub was five amohs, and five amohs was the other wing of the cherub. It was ten amohs from one end of its wings to the [other] end of its wings.

The wing of one cherub was five amohs, and five amohs was the other wing of the cherub. It was ten amohs from one end of its wings to the [other] end of its wings.

Rashi

עשר אמות מקצות כנפיו ועד קצות כנפיו. כשהן פרושות, נמצאות כנפות שניהם שהיו נוגעות זו בזו, ממלאות כל חלל עשרים אמה, וגוף הכרובים אינו מן המדה, ועומד בנס (בבא בתרא צט א):

It was ten amohs from one end of its wings to the [other] end of its wings. When they are spread, the wings of both [cherubs], which touched one another, filled the entire space of twenty amohs; and the bodies of the cherubim are not included in the measurement, and stood miraculously.37See Maseches Bava Basra 99a. Alternatively, the wings were attached to the cherubs in such a way that the two wings of each cherub touched each other without any space between them. Thus a miracle was not necessary.—Radak.

6:25

וְעֶשֶׂר בָּֽאַמָּה הַכְּרוּב הַשֵּׁנִי מִדָּה אַחַת וְקֶצֶב אֶחָד לִשְׁנֵי הַכְּרֻבִֽים׃

The second cherub was ten amohs [high]; of one measurement and of one form were the two cherubim.

The second cherub was ten amohs [high]; of one measurement and of one form were the two cherubim.

6:26

קוֹמַת הַכְּרוּב הָאֶחָד עֶשֶׂר בָּאַמָּה וְכֵן הַכְּרוּב הַשֵּׁנִֽי׃

The height of one cherub was ten amohs, and so was the second cherub.

The height of one cherub was ten amohs, and so was the second cherub.

6:27

וַיִּתֵּן אֶת־הַכְּרוּבִים בְּתוֹךְ ׀ הַבַּיִת הַפְּנִימִי וַֽיִּפְרְשׂוּ אֶת־כַּנְפֵי הַכְּרֻבִים וַתִּגַּע כְּנַף־הָאֶחָד בַּקִּיר וּכְנַף הַכְּרוּב הַשֵּׁנִי נֹגַעַת בַּקִּיר הַשֵּׁנִי וְכַנְפֵיהֶם אֶל־תּוֹךְ הַבַּיִת נֹגְעֹת כָּנָף אֶל־כָּנָֽף׃

And he placed the cherubim in the innermost chamber and they spread the wings of the cherubim. The wing of one touched the wall, and the wing of the second cherub touched the other wall; and their wings which were inside the chamber were touching, wing to wing.

And he placed the cherubim in the innermost chamber and they spread the wings of the cherubim. The wing of one touched the wall, and the wing of the second cherub touched the other wall; and their wings which were inside the chamber were touching, wing to wing.

Rashi

ותגע כנף האחד בקיר. צפון:

The wing of one touched the wall. The north[ern wall].

וכנף הכרוב השני נוגעת בקיר. הדרום, סוככים על הארון ועל בדיו:

And the wing of the second cherub touched the other wall. The southern [wall]; they covered the Ark and its poles.

וכנפיהם אל תוך הבית. וראשי הכנפים אשר באמצע הבית:

And their wings which were inside the chamber. The tips of the wings which were [towards] the center of the room.

נוגעות כנף אל כנף. שכל חלל הבית עשרים:

Were touching wing to wing. Because the entire space of the room [i.e., the Holy of Holies] was twenty [amohs].

6:28

וַיְצַף אֶת־הַכְּרוּבִים זָהָֽב׃

And he covered the cherubim with gold.

And he covered the cherubim with gold.

6:29

וְאֵת כׇּל־קִירוֹת הַבַּיִת מֵסַב ׀ קָלַע פִּתּוּחֵי מִקְלְעוֹת כְּרוּבִים וְתִמֹרֹת וּפְטוּרֵי צִצִּים מִלִּפְנִים וְלַחִיצֽוֹן׃

And all the walls of the Beis Hamikdosh, he encircled with figures, of carved figures of cherubim and palm trees, and budding flowers; from within and without.

And all the walls of the Beis Hamikdosh, he encircled with figures, of carved figures of cherubim and palm trees, and budding flowers; from within and without.

Rashi

ואת כל קירות הבית. קירות העץ:

And all the walls of the Beis Hamikdosh. The wooden walls.

מסב קלע. מוקפות ציורין:

He encircled with figures. Surrounded with drawings.

פתוחי מקלעות כרובים. חקוקי צורת כרובים ודקלים וחבלים ופרחים:

Carved figures of cherubim. Engraved forms of cherubim, and [palm] trees, cords, and flowers.

מלפנים ולחיצון. לבית הכפורת הפנימי, ולהיכל החיצון:

From within and without. [I.e.,] for the inner room of the Ark cover [i.e., the Holy of Holies], and for the Sanctuary, the “one without.”38Even though the Sanctuary was also located “within” the Beis Hamikdosh, however, relative to the Holy of Holies it is the “one without.”

6:30

וְאֶת־קַרְקַע הַבַּיִת צִפָּה זָהָב לִפְנִימָה וְלַחִיצֽוֹן׃

And the floor of the Beis Hamikdosh, he covered with gold, in the inner and the outer [chambers.]

And the floor of the Beis Hamikdosh, he covered with gold, in the inner and the outer [chambers.]

Rashi

ואת קרקע הבית. כל הרצפה:

And the floor of the Beis Hamikdosh. The entire floor.

לפנימה ולחיצון. לבית הכפורת ולהיכל:

In the inner and outer [chambers]. For the room of the Ark cover [i.e., the Holy of Holies] and for the Sanctuary.

6:31

וְאֵת פֶּתַח הַדְּבִיר עָשָׂה דַּלְתוֹת עֲצֵי־שָׁמֶן הָאַיִל מְזוּזוֹת חֲמִשִֽׁית׃

And for the entrance of the Holy of Holies, he made doors of olive wood. The door-posts consisted of five sides.

And for the entrance of the Holy of Holies, he made doors of olive wood. The door-posts consisted of five sides.

Rashi

עצי שמן. עצי זית:

Olive wood. Olive wood.

האיל. אילי הפתח, הם המזוזות שמכאן ומכאן, עשויות עגולות, כמין אילים איליו ואילמיו (ספרים אחרים אלה ואלון) וכן בכל בנין יחזקאל, ספות הפתחים קרוים אילים:

The lintel. These are the lintels [=אילי] of the entrance, these are the doorposts from each side that were made round, similar to אילים,39Yechezkeil 40:21. איליו,40Ibid. 40:9. ואילמיו41Ibid. 40:10. (other texts: אלה' ואלון), and similarly in all of Yechezkeil’s structure[s],42See Ibid. 40. the doorposts at the entrance are called אילים.43See Rashi Ibid. 40:9.

מזוזות חמישית. המפתן האחד, והמזוזות מכאן ומכאן שתים, הרי שלש, והמשקוף שעליו עשוי כשתים כזה וזה השרטוט: כך שמעתי. ואני אומר, מזוזות חמישית, חמשה צלעות היו למזוזות, ולא היתה מרובעת, ואינו מדבר לא, במפתן, ולא במשקוף, שלא מצינו מפתן ומשקוף קרוין אילים:

The door-posts. [The door frame consisted of five parts.] The threshold is one, and the side posts on each side are two, totaling three, and the lintel which is on it was made in two, like this. Thus have I heard.44Alternatively, it was the fifth of a series of doorways of the Beis Hamikdosh encountered by one entering from the outside.—Ralbag. But I say, מזוזות חמישית [refers to the] five sides that each of the door posts had, and it was not four-sided; and [the verse] is speaking neither about the threshold nor about the lintel, because we find neither the threshold nor the lintel called “אילים.”

6:32

וּשְׁתֵּי דַּלְתוֹת עֲצֵי־שֶׁמֶן וְקָלַע עֲלֵיהֶם מִקְלְעוֹת כְּרוּבִים וְתִמֹרֹת וּפְטוּרֵי צִצִּים וְצִפָּה זָהָב וַיָּרֶד עַל־הַכְּרוּבִים וְעַל־הַתִּמֹרוֹת אֶת־הַזָּהָֽב׃

Two doors were of olive wood and he carved upon them carvings of cherubim, and palm trees and budding flowers, and he covered them with gold. He hammered upon the cherubim and upon the palm trees [thin strips of] gold.

Two doors were of olive wood and he carved upon them carvings of cherubim, and palm trees and budding flowers, and he covered them with gold. He hammered upon the cherubim and upon the palm trees [thin strips of] gold.

Rashi

וירד על הכרובים. היה מרדד הזהב טסין דקין בפיתוחי הצורות, להיות שוקע בו במקום החקק, ובולט על הבליטה, שלא יהא הזהב מבטל את הצורות, ויהיו צורות העץ ניכרות בזהב:

He hammered upon the cherubim. He spread the gold in thin sheets [in order] to sink them into the engraved forms, so that it be recessed into the engraved places and protrude on the protrusions, so that the gold does not ruin the figures, and so that the figures in the wood are distinguishable under the gold.

6:33

וְכֵן עָשָׂה לְפֶתַח הַהֵיכָל מְזוּזוֹת עֲצֵי־שָׁמֶן מֵאֵת רְבִעִֽית׃

He also made for the entrance of the Sanctuary, door-posts of olive wood consisting of four sides.

He also made for the entrance of the Sanctuary, door-posts of olive wood consisting of four sides.

Rashi

מאת רבעית. מזוזות ההיכל היו רבועות, וכן תרגם יונתן: מן ארבעה סיטריהון מרבעין:

Consisting of four parts. The side posts [i.e., the entire door frames] of the Sanctuary were square, and so did [Targum] Yonoson translate, “from their four sides squared.”

6:34

וּשְׁתֵּי דַלְתוֹת עֲצֵי בְרוֹשִׁים שְׁנֵי צְלָעִים הַדֶּלֶת הָאַחַת גְּלִילִים וּשְׁנֵי קְלָעִים הַדֶּלֶת הַשֵּׁנִית גְּלִילִֽים׃

And two doors [were made] of cypress wood. The one door had two rounded hinges and the second door had two rounded hinges.

And two doors [were made] of cypress wood. The one door had two rounded hinges and the second door had two rounded hinges.

Rashi

ושתי דלתות. כל אחת כדי חצי רוחב הפתח:

And two doors. Each [door] was half the width of the entrance.

שני צלעים. תרגם יונתן: תרין צירין, ציר העליון, וציר התחתון:

Two [rounded] hinges. [Targum] Yonoson rendered “two hinges,” an upper hinge and a lower hinge.45Alternatively, צלעים means “sides,” i.e., both the inner and outer sides of the doors were overlaid with carvings.—Radak.

גלילים. (תרגום:) סגלגלין:

Rounded. [Targum Yonoson rendered,] oval.

ושני קלעים. אף זה מתורגם צירין, לשון קלעים אומר אני, שהוא לשון ארמי, לשון כניסה, שהוא נכנס בחור המפתן:

Two [rounded] hinges. Also this is rendered [by Targum Yonoson] “hinges.” The expression קלעים, I maintain, is of Aramaic derivation, an expression meaning “entrance,” because the hinge enters into the cavity of the threshold.46Alternatively, קלעים are curtains, meaning that the doors folded in the same manner a curtain does.

6:35

וְקָלַע כְּרוּבִים וְתִמֹרוֹת וּפְטֻרֵי צִצִּים וְצִפָּה זָהָב מְיֻשָּׁר עַל־הַמְּחֻקֶּֽה׃

And he carved upon them cherubim, palm trees and budding flowers, and he covered them with gold, fitting precisely upon the carvings.

And he carved upon them cherubim, palm trees and budding flowers, and he covered them with gold, fitting precisely upon the carvings.

Rashi

וקלע כרובים. על הדלתות:

And he carved upon them cherubim. On the doors.

מיושר על המחוקה. הזהב מכוון על חיקוק הצורות, שוקע במקום שקועו, ובולט במקום בליטתו, שיהיו הצורות ניכרות בו:

Fitting precisely upon the carvings. The gold was fitted onto the carved forms; recessed in the place of its engraving, and protruding in its place of protrusion so that the carved forms are [clearly] distinguishable [in the gold overlay].

6:36

וַיִּבֶן אֶת־הֶחָצֵר הַפְּנִימִית שְׁלֹשָׁה טוּרֵי גָזִית וְטוּר כְּרֻתֹת אֲרָזִֽים׃

He built the inner courtyard with three rows of hewn stones, and a row of cut cedar beams.

He built the inner courtyard with three rows of hewn stones, and a row of cut cedar beams.

Rashi

החצר הפנימית. היא עזרת הכהנים ועזרת ישראל, והיא היתה לפני האולם, וקורא אותה פנימית, לפי שהיתה לפנים מעזרת נשים, (ובמקרא לא מצינו כתוב 'עזרת', כי אם במשנה):

The inner court. This was the court of Kohanim and the court of Yisroel, and it was [located] before the entrance hall, yet he calls it “the inner one” because it was inward of the women’s court. (In the Biblical text we do not find written “עזרת” except for in the Mishnah.47See Mishnayos Midos 2:5,6.)

וטור כרותות ארזים. נדבך של קירות (מחוטבות) עשה בחומה:

And a row of cut cedar beams. A tier of (cut) beams made [part of] the wall.

6:37

בַּשָּׁנָה הָרְבִיעִית יֻסַּד בֵּית יְהֹוָה בְּיֶרַח זִֽו׃

In the fourth year, the foundation was laid—of the Beis Hamikdosh of Adonoy, in the month of Ziv.

In the fourth year, the foundation was laid—of the Beis Hamikdosh of Adonoy, in the month of Ziv.

Rashi

בשנה הרביעית. למלך שלמה:

In the fourth year. Of Shlomo Hamelech[’s reign].

יסד בית ה'. הוחל יסודו:

The foundation was laid— of the Beis Hamikdosh house of Adonoy. Its foundation was begun.48I.e., construction of Beis Hamikdosh began.

6:38

וּבַשָּׁנָה הָאַחַת עֶשְׂרֵה בְּיֶרַח בּוּל הוּא הַחֹדֶשׁ הַשְּׁמִינִי כָּלָה הַבַּיִת לְכׇל־דְּבָרָיו וּלְכׇל־מִשְׁפָּטָו וַיִּבְנֵהוּ שֶׁבַע שָׁנִֽים׃

And in the eleventh year, in the month of Bul, which is the eighth month, the Beis Hamikdosh was completed according to all its plans, and all that was necessary for it, he built it in seven years.

And in the eleventh year, in the month of Bul, which is the eighth month, the Beis Hamikdosh was completed according to all its plans, and all that was necessary for it, he built it in seven years.

Rashi

בירח בול. הוא מרחשון, שהעשב בלה בשדה, ובוללין לבהמה מן הבית, מלשון (שופטים יט כא:) ויבל לחמורים:

In the month of Bul. This is [the month of] Mar Cheshvan;49The Flood [מבול] during Noach’s time began in the month of Marcheshvan. [when] the grass in the field decays, and cattle is given fodder from what is stored, from the expression “and he gave fodder [ויבל] to the donkeys.”50Shoftim 19:21.

7:1

וְאֶת־בֵּיתוֹ בָּנָה שְׁלֹמֹה שְׁלֹשׁ עֶשְׂרֵה שָׁנָה וַיְכַל אֶת־כׇּל־בֵּיתֽוֹ׃

Shlomo built his [own] house in thirteen years, and he completed his whole house.

Shlomo built his [own] house in thirteen years, and he completed his whole house.

Rashi

ואת ביתו בנה שלמה שלש עשרה שנה. שבמלאכת גבוה נזדרז, ובשלו נתעצל, ובשבחו סיפר הכתוב:

Shlomo built his [own] house in thirteen years. In work of the Most High he hurried,1Shlomo built the Beis Hamikdosh in seven years as stated in 6:38 above. but in his own [work] he was slow; the text tells this to praise him.

7:2

וַיִּבֶן אֶת־בֵּית ׀ יַעַר הַלְּבָנוֹן מֵאָה אַמָּה אׇרְכּוֹ וַחֲמִשִּׁים אַמָּה רׇחְבּוֹ וּשְׁלֹשִׁים אַמָּה קוֹמָתוֹ עַל אַרְבָּעָה טוּרֵי עַמּוּדֵי אֲרָזִים וּכְרֻתוֹת אֲרָזִים עַל־הָעַמּוּדִֽים׃

He built the house of the Forest of Lebanon. It was one hundred amohs long, fifty amohs wide and thirty amohs high; on fours rows of cedar columns and cut beams of cedar on the columns.

He built the house of the Forest of Lebanon. It was one hundred amohs long, fifty amohs wide and thirty amohs high; on fours rows of cedar columns and cut beams of cedar on the columns.

Rashi

בית יער הלבנון. תרגם יונתן: בית מקירת מלכיא (עמודי הארזים העומדים באורך המאה אמה, כל טור וטור לאורך המאה, ומטור הראשון לטור הרביעי חמשים אמה, והיא רוחב הבית, הגהה מבעל צורת הבית):

The house of the Forest of Lebanon. [Targum] Yonoson translated, “a house for the cooling of kings.”2Alternatively, it is called “the house of the forest” because the house was constructed with many wooden pillars which gave it an appearance of a forest; or the house was actually located in the forest of Levanon.—Metzudas Dovid.

וכרותות ארזים. קורות ארזים, לאורך הבית היה טור עמודים בקרקע, והכרותות מעמוד לעמוד, (והטור השני למול טור הראשון ברוחב הבית, וכן ארבעה הטורים, וסכך הנסרים לרצפת הבית מטור לטור על הכרותות, והעמודים הללו עשוים פתחים פתחים כעין אכסדרה, והיו הכרותות כמו משקוף שעל המזוזות, והיו גם כן אלו הכרותות כדי להעמיד עליהם המחיצות, שהם הצלעות הנזכרים בכתוב, ושאמר הצלעות אשר על העמודים, ולא אמר על הכרותות, לפי שהעמודים הם העיקר שהבית נכון עליהם, והכרותות אינם אלא להחזיק ולחבר עמוד אל עמוד להיות האהל אחד, ומונחים על צדן ולא היו זקופין, ובאמרו על העמודים, רוצה לומר על הכרותות שעל העמודים, ולא נקרא בשם בפני עצמן לגבייהו ואפשר נמי, שהכרותות אינם עולים למעלה מן העמודים, דאינם שוכבים למעלה, אלא הם נתונים בראשי העמודים ובשווין למעלה, ולא כעין משקוף השוקף על המזוזות, אלא כמו יתד ארוך המחבר שני עמודים, ומה שכתוב וכרותות על העמודים, פירושו, בצד העליון של העמודים, נמצא, מה שעל הכרותות הוא על העמודים, עד כאן פירוש בעל צורת הבית):

And cut beams of cedar. Beams of cedar were along the length of the house. There was a row of columns on the ground and the cut beams from column to column.

7:3

וְסָפֻן בָּאֶרֶז מִמַּעַל עַל־הַצְּלָעוֹת אֲשֶׁר עַל־הָעַמּוּדִים אַרְבָּעִים וַחֲמִשָּׁה חֲמִשָּׁה עָשָׂר הַטּֽוּר׃

It was covered with cedar above, on top of the boards that were on the columns. There were forty five [columns], fifteen to a row.

It was covered with cedar above, on top of the boards that were on the columns. There were forty five [columns], fifteen to a row.

Rashi

וספון בארז. קירוי עליה מלמעלה:

It was covered with cedar. A ceiling over it from above.

על הצלעות. מחיצות עליונות שעל הכרותות, ארבעה מחיצות זה אל זה ברוחב, משוכים לאורך הבית, כולן פתחים וחלונות, כי בית הקיץ הוא עשוי לאויר, ועל אותן מחיצות קירוי הספון, ארבעים וחמשה נסרים היו הספון, שלשה טורי נסרים (לשלשה חללים), שבין ארבע טורי העמודים, חמשה עשר נסרים הטור (כלומר נתונים בין כל חלל חמשה עשר מהם) ארכן לרוחב שבין טור לטור, ורחבן לאורך הבית זה אצל זה:

On top of the boards. The upper partitions which were on the cut [beams]. Four partitions, one next to the other along the width and extending along the length of the house. Each had openings and windows, because this was a summer home made for air. And on those partitions was the covering of the ceiling. The ceiling was [made] of forty-five boards, three rows of boards (for the three spaces) between the four rows of columns, fifteen boards to each row (i.e., fifteen of them were placed in each space). Their length was along the width of each row and their width was along the length of the house, one next to the other.

7:4

וּשְׁקֻפִים שְׁלֹשָׁה טוּרִים וּמֶחֱזָה אֶל־מֶחֱזָה שָׁלֹשׁ פְּעָמִֽים׃

There were three rows of windows, and each window faced the other window three times.

There were three rows of windows, and each window faced the other window three times.

Rashi

ושקופים שלשה טורים. ועוד עשה קרוי אצל שלשה טורים הנסרים, ושלשת טורי השקופים, כי רוחב של חמשה עשר נסרים, לא קירה את הבית בכל ארכו, שהוא מאה אמה, ועשה אצלו לקרות הבית קרוי של נסרים קטנים, נתונים על מרישין קטנים הנותרים (צריך לומר: הנתונים) מטור כרותות ארזים אל טור, שלשה מרישין זה אצל (צריך לומר: לסוף) זה, ושקופין משני צדיהן, כעין משקוף שהדלת שוקף בו, ועל אותן שקופין, ראשי הנסרים הקטנים נתונים בו, ארכן של נסרים קטנים, כנגד רחבן של נסרים גדולים שנתן תחלה:

There were three rows of windows. He also made another covering near the three rows of boards and the three rows of lintels,3According to Rashi שקפים are lintels. But Radak’s opinion is that שקפים were look-out windows, as in 6:4 above. because the width of fifteen boards did not cover the house in its entire length which was one hundred amohs. And he made near it to cover the house, a covering of small boards placed on small beams which were left (should read “placed”) from one row of [the long] cut beams to the other, three small beams one next to (should read “at the end of”) the other, and lintels on both their sides, similar to a lintel against which the door strikes. And on those lintels the ends of the small boards were placed, the length of the small boards opposite the width of the larger boards which he installed first.

ומחזה אל מחזה. ראשי נסרים של שקוף זה, למול (ראשי) נסרים של (שקוף) זה:

And each window faced the other window. The ends of the boards of this lintel were opposite (the ends of) the boards of this one (lintel).

מחזה. לשון קצה, ומנחם כן פותרו, וחברו (תהלים קז ל): אל מחוז חפצם, וכל חזית שבלשון משנה, כך הוא בסדר מערכת התמיד (תמיד כט א), וכן הוא עושה (חזית) מבחוץ, בפרק השותפין בבבא בתרא (ב א). ויונתן אף הוא תרגמו: זוי לקביל זוי. אבל 'שקופים אטומים' (לעיל ו ד) ; וכן (כאן פסוק ה): רבועים שקף, כולם תרגם: כלונסא:

Window. An expression of “an edge,” and so did Menachem interpret it and he related it to, “to their desired boundary [מחוז],”4Tehillim 107:30. and every “חזית” in the language of the Mishnah is thus, [as] in the order of arranging the daily sacrifice,5See Mishnayos Tamid 2:4. and also “he should made (a ledge) from the outside,” in the chapter of “The Partners” in [Maseches] Bava Basra.6 2a. [Targum] Yonoson also, rendered this, “a projection opposite a projection,” but “שקופים אטומים”7Above 6:4. and likewise, “רבועים שקף,”8Below v. 5. he translated them all “beams.”

7:5

וְכׇל־הַפְּתָחִים וְהַמְּזוּזוֹת רְבֻעִים שָׁקֶף וּמוּל מֶחֱזָה אֶל־מֶחֱזָה שָׁלֹשׁ פְּעָמִֽים׃

And all the entrances and doorposts were square, as was the window; and each window faced the other window three times.

And all the entrances and doorposts were square, as was the window; and each window faced the other window three times.

Rashi

וכל הפתחים והמזוזות. שסתם מקירת מלכים עשוי פתחים פתחים, מפני האויר, ולכך קראו בית יער, שדומה ליער:

And all the entrances and doorposts. Because, generally, a king’s [summer] home is made with many entrances because of the air, and it was therefore called “a forest house” because it was like a forest.

רבועים שקף. תרגם יונתן: מרבעין וחפן כלנסא. ומחופין היו הפתחים בנסרים דקין רבועין היו כשאר פתחי בתים, ולא עשויין כיפה כעין פתחי אולם:

Were square as was the window. [Targum] Yonoson translated, “square and covered the beams,” [i.e.,] the entrances were covered with thin boards, that were square as other entrances of houses, and they were not made with a curved arch similar to the entrances of a great hall.

ומול מחזה. ומול של מחזה, מיסב לקראת מחזה האחרת, ראש הנסר לקראת ראש הנסר, שלש פעמים בכל תקרה ותקרה, ואיני יודע האיך:

And each window faced [the other window]. And the front of one edge was installed facing the other edge. The top of the board was towards the top of the other board, three times for each beam, but I do not know how.

7:6

וְאֵת אוּלָם הָֽעַמּוּדִים עָשָׂה חֲמִשִּׁים אַמָּה אׇרְכּוֹ וּשְׁלֹשִׁים אַמָּה רׇחְבּוֹ וְאוּלָם עַל־פְּנֵיהֶם וְעַמֻּדִים וְעָב עַל־פְּנֵיהֶֽם׃

He made an entrance hall of columns. Its length was fifty amohs, and its width was thirty amohs. There was [another] entrance hall above them, and columns and support beams upon them.

He made an entrance hall of columns. Its length was fifty amohs, and its width was thirty amohs. There was [another] entrance hall above them, and columns and support beams upon them.

Rashi

ואת אולם העמודים. אולם עשה לפני העמודים האלה, מבוא לבית, חמשים אמה ארכו, לרחבו של בית שהיה חמשים אמה, ושלשים רחבו לפני אורך משך הבית, אלא שלעולם המדה יתירה קרויה אורך, והקצרה קרויה רוחב:

An entrance hall of columns. He made an entrance before these columns as an entrance to the house. Its length was fifty amohs along the width of the house, which was fifty amohs, and thirty amohs its width before the extent of the length of the house, only that the longer measurement is always called the length and the shorter one is called the width.9I.e., “length” and “width” are relative to the structure being described. See Rashi 6:3 above.

ואולם על פניהם. אולם גבוה עשה על כל הבית:

There was [another] entrance hall above them. He made a high entrance [around] the entire house.

ועמודים ועב על פניהם. ועל כרותות ארזים שעל העמודים התחתונים, הציב על (צריך לומר: עוד) עמודים אחרים, ומרישין מעמוד לעמוד, העמודים לארוג בהן צלעות מזה לזה, והעבים לקירוי העלייה, עב היא מריש, כמו ששנינו והעבים אלו המרישין:

And columns and support beams upon them. And on the cut beams of cedar which were on the lower columns he erected on (should read “additional”) columns and beams from column to column, the columns to connect boards from one to another, and the beams for the ceiling. “עב” is a beam [=מריש], as we learned, “And the עבים, these are the beams.”10Maseches Bava Kamma 67a.

7:7

וְאוּלָם הַכִּסֵּא אֲשֶׁר יִשְׁפׇּט־שָׁם אֻלָם הַמִּשְׁפָּט עָשָׂה וְסָפוּן בָּאֶרֶז מֵהַקַּרְקַע עַד־הַקַּרְקָֽע׃

And an entrance hall for the throne where he would judge, he made an entrance hall of judgement. He covered the floor with cedar from one side of the foundation to the other side.

And an entrance hall for the throne where he would judge, he made an entrance hall of judgement. He covered the floor with cedar from one side of the foundation to the other side.

Rashi

ואולם הכסא. (תרגום:) ואולמא לאתקנא תמן כורסי בית דינא דדאין תמן פרוסדא לבית דינא עביד, פרוסדא לשון פרוזדור:

And an entrance hall for the throne. [Targum Yonoson rendered,] “And an entrance hall to set the throne of judgment to judge there, he made a vestibule [פרוסדא] for the house of judgment.”11According to Rashi who quotes Targum Yonoson, there were two areas set aside, one for the throne of judgment and another for the house of judgment. Alternatively, they are one and the same.—Radak. פרוסדא12In Mishnayos Avos 4:21 “פרוזדור” is defined as “vestibule.” is an expression meaning “vestibule.”

וספון בארז. מחופה קרקע הרצפה בארזים:

He covered the floor with cedar. The earthen floor was covered with cedar.

מהקרקע. תרגם יונתן: מן אושיא עד אושיא. מיסוד כותל זה, ועד יסוד כותל זה:

From one side of the foundation. [Targum] Yonoson rendered “from foundation to foundation,”13קרקע generally means “ground” or floor.” from the base of this wall to the base of the other wall.

7:8

וּבֵיתוֹ אֲשֶׁר־יֵשֶׁב שָׁם חָצֵר הָאַחֶרֶת מִבֵּית לָאוּלָם כַּמַּעֲשֶׂה הַזֶּה הָיָה וּבַיִת יַעֲשֶׂה לְבַת־פַּרְעֹה אֲשֶׁר לָקַח שְׁלֹמֹה כָּאוּלָם הַזֶּֽה׃

His house where he dwelt, which stood in a different courtyard, from within the entrance hall, was built in the same fashion. And the house he intended to build for the daughter of Pharoah, whom Shlomo had married, would be built like this entrance hall.

His house where he dwelt, which stood in a different courtyard, from within the entrance hall, was built in the same fashion. And the house he intended to build for the daughter of Pharoah, whom Shlomo had married, would be built like this entrance hall.

Rashi

וביתו אשר ישב שם. דירה גמורה, לאכול שם ולשכב שם:

His house where he dwelt. A complete residence to eat and sleep there.

מבית לאולם. לפנים מן אולם של בית יער הלבנון:

From within the entrance hall. Inward from the entrance hall of the house of the Forest of Lebanon.

ובית יעשה. עלה בלבו לעשות בית לבת פרעה:

And the house which he intended to build. He planned to make a house for Pharaoh’s daughter.14Alternatively, Shlomo actually constructed a house for Pharaoh’s daughter.—Targum

כאולם הזה. כמעשה אולם הזה:

Like this entrance hall. Like the work of this entrance hall.

7:9

כׇּל־אֵלֶּה אֲבָנִים יְקָרֹת כְּמִדּוֹת גָּזִית מְגֹרָרוֹת בַּמְּגֵרָה מִבַּיִת וּמִחוּץ וּמִמַּסָּד עַד־הַטְּפָחוֹת וּמִחוּץ עַד־הֶחָצֵר הַגְּדוֹלָֽה׃

All these [structures] were of heavy stones according to the dimensions of standard cut stones. They were sawed with a saw from inside and from outside, from the foundation to the ceiling, and from the outside to the great courtyard.

All these [structures] were of heavy stones according to the dimensions of standard cut stones. They were sawed with a saw from inside and from outside, from the foundation to the ceiling, and from the outside to the great courtyard.

Rashi

כל אלה אבנים יקרות. כל האבנים האלה עשויות כבדות:

All these [structures] were of heavy stones. All these stones were made heavy.15Alternatively, “precious stones.”—Targum.

כמדות גזית. כמדת אבני גזית, מדה אחת היתה לאבני גזית במדינה:

According to the dimensions of standard cut stones. According to the measures of cut stone, [i.e.,] theyhad one [standard] size for cut stone [for buildings] in that country,

וממסד עד הטפחות. בגובה היה הבנין הזה עשוי באבני גזית האלה, מן היסוד עד שמי הקורה:

From the foundation to the ceiling. This building in height was made of these cut stones from the foundation until the highest beam.

וממסד. לשון יסוד:

From the foundation. [ממסד is] an expression [meaning] foundation [=יסוד].

הטפחות. שמי קורה, כמו (ישעיהו מח יג): וימיני טפחה שמים:

The ceiling. The highest beam, as in, “My right hand had spanned [טפחה] the heavens.”16Yehsayahu 48:13.

ומחוץ. לצד החוץ היה כל משך הקירות באבנים הללו, עד החצר הגדולה:

And from the outside. On the outside, the entire length of the walls until the great court, were of these stones.

7:10

וּמְיֻסָּד אֲבָנִים יְקָרוֹת אֲבָנִים גְּדֹלוֹת אַבְנֵי עֶשֶׂר אַמּוֹת וְאַבְנֵי שְׁמֹנֶה אַמּֽוֹת׃

The foundation was of precious stones, huge stones, stones of ten amohs, and stones of eight amohs.

The foundation was of precious stones, huge stones, stones of ten amohs, and stones of eight amohs.

Rashi

ומיוסד וגו' אבנים גדולות. והיסוד שבתוך הקרקע, היה של אבנים גדולות יותר ממדות גזית:

The foundation was, etc., [of] huge stones. And the foundation which was in the ground was of stones greater than the [standard] size of cut [stones].

7:11

וּמִלְמַעְלָה אֲבָנִים יְקָרוֹת כְּמִדּוֹת גָּזִית וָאָֽרֶז׃

And above it were precious stones according to the dimensions of standard cut stones, and cedars.

And above it were precious stones according to the dimensions of standard cut stones, and cedars.

Rashi

ומלמעלה אבנים יקרות. ומלמעלה ליסודות היו אבנים יקרות עד הטפחות, כמו שאמור למעלה:

And above it were precious stones. And above the stones used for the foundation were precious stones, until the ceiling as he mentioned above.

וארז. (תרגום:) וחפי נסרין דארזא, כמו שאנ (ר (פסוק ז): וספן בארז:

And cedars. [Targum Yonoson rendered,] “And he covered with boards of cedar,” as it is stated, “and he covered the floor with cedar.”17Above 7:7.

7:12

וְחָצֵר הַגְּדוֹלָה סָבִיב שְׁלֹשָׁה טוּרִים גָּזִית וְטוּר כְּרֻתֹת אֲרָזִים וְלַחֲצַר בֵּית־יְהֹוָה הַפְּנִימִית וּלְאֻלָם הַבָּֽיִת׃ {פ}

And the great courtyard all around was of three rows of cut stones, and a row of cut cedar planks. So too the was the courtyard of the Beis Hamikdosh—the inner one, and the entrance hall of the Beis Hamikdosh.

And the great courtyard all around was of three rows of cut stones, and a row of cut cedar planks. So too the was the courtyard of the Beis Hamikdosh—the inner one, and the entrance hall of the Beis Hamikdosh.

Rashi

שלשה טורים גזית. החומה עשויה שלשה נדבכין של אבנים, ונדבך של עץ עליהם:

Three rows of cut stones. The wall was made of three tiers of stone and a tier of wood on them.

Texts

  • Hebrew: Miqra according to the Masorah · License: CC-BY-SA
  • English: The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J · License: CC-BY
  • Hebrew: On Your Way -- new · License: PD

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