Tanach
Melachim I 6 מלכים א ו׳
Part of: Petuchah, I Kings 6:1Petuchah, I Kings 6:11Petuchah, I Kings 6:14
Reading: Hebrew · Simple EnglishHebrew · Faithful translationHebrew onlyHebrew · Simple EnglishHebrew · Faithful translationHebrew onlySimple English onlyFaithful translation onlySide by sideRashi
וַיְהִי בִשְׁמוֹנִים שָׁנָה וְאַרְבַּע מֵאוֹת שָׁנָה לְצֵאת בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל מֵאֶֽרֶץ־מִצְרַיִם בַּשָּׁנָה הָרְבִיעִית בְּחֹדֶשׁ זִו הוּא הַחֹדֶשׁ הַשֵּׁנִי לִמְלֹךְ שְׁלֹמֹה עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵל וַיִּבֶן הַבַּיִת לַיהֹוָֽה׃
And it was in the four hundred and eightieth year after the exodus of the Bnei Yisroel from the land of Mitzrayim, in the fourth year, in the month of Ziv, which is the second month, of the reign of Shlomo over Yisroel, that he built the House for Adonoy.
And it was in the four hundred and eightieth year after the exodus of the Bnei Yisroel from the land of Mitzrayim, in the fourth year, in the month of Ziv, which is the second month, of the reign of Shlomo over Yisroel, that he built the House for Adonoy.
Rashi
הוא החדש השני. למנין החדשים, שהרי ניסן ראש השנה לחדשים:
Which is the second month. When numbering the months, because Nissan is the beginning of the year for [counting] months.
למלוך שלמה. מוסב על השנה הרביעית, רביעית למלכות שלמה, וכן הוא אומר בדברי הימים (ב ג ב): ויחל לבנות בחדש השני בשנת ארבע למלכותו:
Of the reign of Shlomo. Referring to “the fourth year.”1I.e., it does not mean “the second month of Shlomo’s reign,” rather it means the second month of the fourth year of Shlomo’s reign. It was the fourth year of Shlomo’s reign. And similarly it is stated in Divrei Hayomim, “And he began to build in the second month [on the second day] in the fourth year of his reign.”2II Divrei Hayomim 3:2.
וְהַבַּיִת אֲשֶׁר בָּנָה הַמֶּלֶךְ שְׁלֹמֹה לַיהֹוָה שִׁשִּׁים־אַמָּה אׇרְכּוֹ וְעֶשְׂרִים רׇחְבּוֹ וּשְׁלֹשִׁים אַמָּה קוֹמָתֽוֹ׃
The House that Shlomo ha Melech built for Adonoy, was sixty amohs long, twenty [amohs] wide and thirty amohs high.
The House that Shlomo ha Melech built for Adonoy, was sixty amohs long, twenty [amohs] wide and thirty amohs high.
Rashi
ששים אמה. ההיכל והדביר יחד:
Sixty amohs. The Sanctuary and the Holy of Holies together.3The length of the Sanctuary was 40 amos and the Holy of Holies was 20 amos.
וְהָאוּלָם עַל־פְּנֵי הֵיכַל הַבַּיִת עֶשְׂרִים אַמָּה אׇרְכּוֹ עַל־פְּנֵי רֹחַב הַבָּיִת עֶשֶׂר בָּאַמָּה רׇחְבּוֹ עַל־פְּנֵי הַבָּֽיִת׃
The entrance hall along the front of the Sanctuary of the Beis Hamikdosh was twenty amohs long, along the front of the width of the Beis Hamikdosh. It was ten amohs wide along the front of the house.
The entrance hall along the front of the Sanctuary of the Beis Hamikdosh was twenty amohs long, along the front of the width of the Beis Hamikdosh. It was ten amohs wide along the front of the house.
Rashi
והאולם על פני. לפני ההיכל בכניסתו:
The entrance hall along the front. In front of the entrance to the Sanctuary.
ארכו על פני רוחב הבית. אורך האולם לרחבו של ההיכל מן הצפון לדרום כל מדה היתירה קרויה אורך, והפחותה קרויה רוחב, לפי שבהיכל מדת מן המזרח למערב יתירה, קרויה אורך, ובאולם שמדת מצפון לדרום יתירה בו, קרויה אורך מן הצפון לדרום, ומן המזרח למערב קרויה בו רוחב:
[Twenty amohs] long along the front of the width of the Beis Hamikdosh. The length of the entrance hall was along the width of the Sanctuary, from north to south. All larger measurements are referred to as the length, and the lesser are referred to as the width. Since in the Sanctuary, the measurement from east to west was greater,4It measured 40 amos versus 20 amos from north to south. it was called the length, but since the entrance hall’s measurement from north to south was greater,5It measured 20 amos versus 10 amos from east to west. [that which is] called the length, [is the measurement] from north to south and [the measurement] from east to west was called the width.
על פני הבית. לפני הבית, לצד מזרח לצד חוץ:
Along the front of the house. Was in front of the house on the eastern side, on the outside.6I.e., it was in addition to the 60 amos mentioned in v. 2 above.
וַיַּעַשׂ לַבָּיִת חַלּוֹנֵי שְׁקֻפִים אֲטוּמִֽים׃
He made windows for for the Beis Hamikdosh that were open [wide] on the outside and closed [narrow] on the inside.
He made windows for for the Beis Hamikdosh that were open [wide] on the outside and closed [narrow] on the inside.
Rashi
שקופים אטומים. רבותינו פירשו (מנחות פו ב): שקופים לשון ראייה ופתיחה והשקפה פתוחים מבחוץ ואטומים מבפנים, קצרים מבפנים, שלא כדרך שאר חלונות אחרות העשויות למאור, להראות שאינו צריך לאורה:
That were open [wide] on the outside and closed [narrow] on the inside. Our Rabbis explained [שקופים] as an expression of looking, an opening, an observation;7It was made of a glass-like substance.—Metzudas Dovid. open on the outside and closed on the inside, narrow on the inside, not in the usual manner of other windows8Alternatively, חלוני means “sockets” into which שקפים [=“horizontal beams”] were inserted. The sockets were open only on the inside and did not go all the way through the wall, i.e., they were אטומים [=sealed] and not visible from the outside of the building. which are made for illumination,9They are therefore constructed narrow on the outside and widening towards the inside to allow the light to spread out as it enters. to indicate that it was not in need of illumination.10See Maseches Menachos 86b.
וַיִּבֶן עַל־קִיר הַבַּיִת (יצוע) [יָצִיעַ] סָבִיב אֶת־קִירוֹת הַבַּיִת סָבִיב לַהֵיכָל וְלַדְּבִיר וַיַּעַשׂ צְלָעוֹת סָבִֽיב׃
He built against the wall of the Beis Hamikdosh a chamber around the walls of the Beis Hamikdosh, circling all around the Sanctuary and the Holy of Holies. And he made chambers all around.
He built against the wall of the Beis Hamikdosh a chamber around the walls of the Beis Hamikdosh, circling all around the Sanctuary and the Holy of Holies. And he made chambers all around.
Rashi
יציע. אפנטי"ץ בלע"ז, ושלשה שמות יש לה, יציע, תא, צלע, (כך מפורש בבבא בתרא סא א):
A chamber. Apentec, in O.F. It has three names, יציע' תא' צלע, thus is this explained in [Maseches] Bava Basra.11 61a.
את קירות הבית סביב. כלומר כנגד ההיכל ובית קדשי הקדשים הוא הדביר, עשה צלעות מבחוץ, לדרום ולמערב ולצפון, וסוף המקרא הוא פירוש לראשו, ויבן על קיר הבית, סמוך לקיר הבית, יציע סביב, כיצד עשה את קירות הבית להיכל ולדביר, עשה צלעות:
Around the walls of the Beis Hamikdosh circling all around. I.e., against the Sanctuary and the Holy of Holies, which is the דביר, he made chambers on the outside at the south, west, and north. And the end of the verse explains its beginning. “He built against the wall of the Beis Hamikdosh, [meaning] near the wall of the Beis Hamikdosh, a chamber round about. How did he make it? “Against the walls of the Beis Hamikdosh, [i.e., against] the Sanctuary and the Holy of Holies, he made chambers.”
ויעש. כמו עשה, וכן (שמות טו ב): ויהי לי לישועה, כמו היה לי לישועה:
And he made. He made. And similarly, “He was [ויהי] my salvation,”12Shemos 15:2. means the same as “He was [היה] my salvation.”13The word ‘יהי’ is in the future tense but the ‘vav’ converts it [="ו" המהפך] to the past tense.
(היצוע) [הַיָּצִיעַ] הַתַּחְתֹּנָה חָמֵשׁ בָּאַמָּה רׇחְבָּהּ וְהַתִּֽיכֹנָה שֵׁשׁ בָּאַמָּה רׇחְבָּהּ וְהַשְּׁלִישִׁית שֶׁבַע בָּאַמָּה רׇחְבָּהּ כִּי מִגְרָעוֹת נָתַן לַבַּיִת סָבִיב חוּצָה לְבִלְתִּי אֲחֹז בְּקִירוֹת־הַבָּֽיִת׃
The bottom chamber was five amohs wide, the middle one was six amohs wide and the third was seven amohs wide, for he had made narrowing indentations in [the wall of] the Beis Hamikdosh around the outside, so that [the beams] would not be attached to the walls of the Beis Hamikdosh.
The bottom chamber was five amohs wide, the middle one was six amohs wide and the third was seven amohs wide, for he had made narrowing indentations in [the wall of] the Beis Hamikdosh around the outside, so that [the beams] would not be attached to the walls of the Beis Hamikdosh.
Rashi
היציע התחתונה. בכל רוח ורוח היו התאים שלשה זה על זה, ומדת ארכו לא נאמרה כאן, ובמסכת מדות (פרק ד משנה ג) שנינו: שלשים ושמנה תאים היו, חמשה עשר בצפון, חמשה על גבי חמשה, וחמשה על גביהן, וכן בדרום, ושמנה במערב, שלשה על גבי שלושה, ושנים על גביהם, התחתונה חמש, והאמצעות שש, והעליונות שבע, למה, כי מגרעות נתן לבית סביב חוצה, קומת התא חמש אמות, וכשעולה כותל ההיכל חמש אמות, גורע את עוביו, וכנס בו אמה לפנים, והניח על אותה כניסה ראשי קורות גג עליית התא, שהיא קרקעית לאמצעית, וכשעולה עשר, כנס אמה, להניח ראשי קורות עליית האמצעית, שהיא קרקע העליונה, נמצאת אמצעית רחבה מן התחתונה אמה, והעליונה רחבה מן התיכונה אמה:
The bottom chamber. One each side there were three [tiers of] chambers, one on the other. The measurement of its length is not stated here, but in Maseches Midos14 4:3. we learned that there were thirty-eight chambers, fifteen in the north, five on top of five and five on top of them, and the same was in the south. And eight in the west, three on top of three and two on top of them. The bottom ones were five [amohs wide] and the middle ones six, and the top ones seven. Why? Because he made depressions in the wall of the house round about on the outside. The height of the chamber was five amohs, and as the height of the wall of the Sanctuary reached five amohs, he decreased its thickness and recessed it one amoh inward, and on that recess he placed the ends of the beams of the roof at the top of the chamber which served as the floor of the middle one. And as the wall reached [the height of] ten [amohs], he recessed it [another] amoh to place the ends of the beams of the roof of the middle [chamber] which served as the floor of the upper [chamber]. Thus we find the middle [chamber] is wider than the lower one by one amoh, and the upper [chamber] is wider than the middle one by one amoh.
לבלתי אחוז בקירות הבית. שלא לדבק ראשי הקורות דרך נקבים בקירות הבית, שקלקול החומה הוא, ואינו דרך נוי:
So that [the beams] would not be attached to the walls of the Beis Hamikdosh. In order that the ends of the beams do not attach [to the walls] through perforations in the walls of the house, since this deteriorates the wall and it diminishes its beauty.
וְהַבַּיִת בְּהִבָּנֹתוֹ אֶבֶן־שְׁלֵמָה מַסָּע נִבְנָה וּמַקָּבוֹת וְהַגַּרְזֶן כׇּל־כְּלִי בַרְזֶל לֹֽא־נִשְׁמַע בַּבַּיִת בְּהִבָּנֹתֽוֹ׃
When the Beis Hamikdosh was being constructed it was built of whole stones carried from the quarry. Neither hammer nor axe nor any iron tool was heard in the Beis Hamikdosh during its construction.
When the Beis Hamikdosh was being constructed it was built of whole stones carried from the quarry. Neither hammer nor axe nor any iron tool was heard in the Beis Hamikdosh during its construction.
Rashi
בהבנותו אבן שלמה מסע. כמו שהסיעוה מן ההר על ידי השמיר, כמו שהיא באה משם, נתנוה בחומת הבנין, ולא סתתוה בכלי ברזל, ואבני גזית האמור למעלה, מחלוקת היא בסוטה (מח ב):
When [the Beis Hamikdosh] was being constructed it was built of whole stones carried [from the quarry]. As it was removed from the mountain, through the worm [=a שמיר],15See Mishnayos Avos 5:6. Radak indicates that Shlomo sent an eagle to bring him the shamir which was in the Garden of Eden. [i.e.,] as it came from there they set it into the wall of the structure,16That is why it is called אבן שלמה [=whole stones], because they were used exactly as they arrived, without being cut or chiseled. and they did not chisel it with any metal tools. And the “stone” mentioned above,17 5:31. is a controversy in [Maseches] Sotah.18 48b.
ומקבות. דלוט"א בלשון רוסיא:
Hammer. Delutta, in Russian.
פֶּתַח הַצֵּלָע הַתִּיכֹנָה אֶל־כֶּתֶף הַבַּיִת הַיְמָנִית וּבְלוּלִּים יַֽעֲלוּ עַל־הַתִּיכֹנָה וּמִן־הַתִּיכֹנָה אֶל־הַשְּׁלִשִֽׁים׃
The entrance of the bottom chamber was in the right side of the house, and by a winding stairway they went up to the middle [chamber,] and from the middle [chamber] to the third [chamber.]
The entrance of the bottom chamber was in the right side of the house, and by a winding stairway they went up to the middle [chamber,] and from the middle [chamber] to the third [chamber.]
Rashi
פתח הצלע התיכונה אל כתף הבית הימנית. יונתן תרגם תיכונה זו, כמו תחתונה, לא תיכונה בין עליונה לתחתונה, שבחמש תאים שבדרום היה לה פתח אל החוץ בשורה התחתונה, וזה (התרגום) ובלולים יעלו על התיכונה
The entrance of the bottom chamber was in the right side of the house. [Targum] Yonoson rendered תיכונה as the “bottom,”19It cannot mean the middle story because you would not have an entrance to a building that is one story above ground level. and not as “between” the upper and lower [ones], because the five chambers on the southern side had an opening to the outside in the bottom story. And this (is the meaning) “and by a winding stairway they went up to the middle [chamber].”20Thus indicating that תיכונה was the “bottom” story.
התיכונה תרגם יונתן מציעתא, כי התאים הללו לא היו פתוחים אל החוץ. שלושה פתחים היו לכל אחד, כך היא שנויה במסכת מדות (שם), אחד לתא מן הימין, ואחד לתא מן השמאל, ואחד לתא שעל גביו. ולימד כאן, שאחד מן התחתונים שבכותל דרומי, היה לו פתח אל החוץ, ודרך אותו פתח נכנסים לכולם, וצלע התיכונה דקרא, לא תיכונה בין עליונה לתחתונה, אלא תיכונה שבחמש תאים, שבדרום היה לה פתח אל החוץ בשורה התחתונה, וזהו תרגום ובלולים יעלו על התיכונה, שלמעלה הימנה, משמע דהצלע התיכונה למטה:
The bottom. [Targum] Yonoson rendered “the middle,” because these chambers were not open to the outside. There were three openings to each. Thus is this taught in Maseches Midos,21 4:3. “One was to the chamber on the right and one was to the chamber on the left and one to the chamber above.” And it teaches us here that one of the lower [chambers] on the southern wall had an opening to the outside and through that opening22The southern side is called the “right” side, because a person standing inside the Beis Hamikdosh at its entrance and looking out would be facing east and the southern side would be to the right. they entered all the chambers. And the “middle chamber” of the verse, is not the middle one between the upper and the lower [ones], but the middle one of the five chambers on the southern side which had an opening to the outside in the bottom story. And this is the meaning of, “and by a winding stairway they went up to the middle [chamber],” which was above it, signifying that the תיכונה chamber was below.
בלולים. תרגם יונתן: מסיבתא, והוא שקורין בלשונינו וויי"ן בלע"ז, ובלשון אשכנז (ווינד"ל שטיי"ן) ושם המורגל (שווינד"ל שטי"ג), והוא בנין עמוד אבנים עשוי מעלות מעלות, וההולך בהן דומה כמקיף סביבות עמוד, ועולין בו כמה וכמה אמות גבוה, ואין צריך לשפע כשאר סולם, כי הקיפו הוא שיפוע:
And by a winding stairway. [Targum] Yonoson rendered, a winding staircase [=מסיבתא], and that is called in our language [O.F.] vis, and in German, vindelstein, and the commonly used name is schvindel stieg. It is a structure of stone pillars made [in the form] of many stairs, and one who goes on them is likened to one spiraling around a column, ascending many amohs on it without needing the inclination of an ordinary ladder, because its spiral serves as its incline.
אל השלישים. כמו אל השלישיים:
To the third. [שלישים means the same] as to the third [=שלישיים]
וַיִּבֶן אֶת־הַבַּיִת וַיְכַלֵּהוּ וַיִּסְפֹּן אֶת־הַבַּיִת גֵּבִים וּשְׂדֵרֹת בָּאֲרָזִֽים׃
He built the Beis Hamikdosh and completed it, and covered the Beis Hamikdosh with decorated boards and connected planks of cedar.
He built the Beis Hamikdosh and completed it, and covered the Beis Hamikdosh with decorated boards and connected planks of cedar.
Rashi
ויספון. לשון כסוי תקרה:
And [he] covered. An expression of a ceiling covering.
גבים ושדרות בארזים. שתי תקראות, אחת עשויה לנוי מלמטה, ואחת של לוחי ארזים מלמעלה, של גבים היא התחתונה ותרגם יונתן: בהנתוכין, ולא ידעתי מה הן, ושמעתי משמו של רבי מנחם זצ"ל, שהם נסרים ארוגים נאים כמין צורה, וקורין לו בלשונינו צילי"ד, ובלשון אשכנז (גהימל"ט), והיא לשון 'שמים', 'שמי קורה'. ואני אומר, שהם לבנים חלולים, והם כחצי קנה עגול, שעושין לכסוי בתים (בלשון אשכנז דעק ציגל):
With decorated boards and connected planks of cedar. [There were] two ceilings, the one made for beauty was below, and the one of cedar planks was above; that of paneling was the lower one. And [Targum] Yonoson rendered [גבים as] בהנתוכין, but I do not know what they are. I heard in the name of Rabbi Menachem, blessed be the memory of the righteous, that they are boards woven beautifully in the form of a design, and it is called in our language [O.F.] celed, and in German, gehimmelt, and that is an expression of “heavenly,” [meaning] the highest part of the beam. But I say, they are hollowed bricks, and they are like half a round reed, which are used as coverings for houses. (In German, dek tzigel.)
גבים. לשון ארמי: גובתא דקניא, והם היו (למעלה), והשדרות (למטה):
Paneling. In Aramaic it is גובתא דקניא which were (above) and the planks (below).
ושדרות. לוחי ארזים סדורים למעלה מן הגבים, לדריסת הרגל, כשעולין לראות בבדק הבית וכן תרגם יונתן: ושדרות בארזים ועילא מנהון (רוצה לומר, מן הגבים) סידרא דרכפת רישי שריתא ארזיא, ורכפת לשון תכיפת, וחבירו (שמואל ב כב יב) עבי שחקים, תרגום יונתן: מריכפת עננין קלילין (ושדרות, כלומר היו נסרים סדורים זה אצל זה, רד"ק):
And connected planks. Planks of cedar arranged above the paneling upon which they walk when they go up to repair the building. And similarly, [Targum] Yonoson rendered ושדרות בארזים as, “above them (i.e., the paneling) was an arrangement of a succession [דרכפת] of cedar wooden planks,” and “&רכפת“ is an expression of a succession, comparable to, “clouds of heaven,”23II Shmuel 22:12. which [Targum] Yonoson rendered, “a succession [=מריכפת] of light clouds.”
וַיִּבֶן אֶת־[הַיָּצִיעַ] (היצוע) עַל־כׇּל־הַבַּיִת חָמֵשׁ אַמּוֹת קוֹמָתוֹ וַיֶּאֱחֹז אֶת־הַבַּיִת בַּעֲצֵי אֲרָזִֽים׃ {פ}
He built the chambers around the whole Beis Hamikdosh. [Each of them] was five amohs high, and he covered the Beis Hamikdosh with cedar wood.
He built the chambers around the whole Beis Hamikdosh. [Each of them] was five amohs high, and he covered the Beis Hamikdosh with cedar wood.
Rashi
חמש אמות קומתו. של כל אחד ואחד, הרי גובהן חמש עשרה אמות, לבד עובי התקרה:
Five amohs high. Of each one. Therefore, their total height was fifteen amohs besides the thickness of the ceiling.
ויאחז את הבית. הוא כיסוי הגג העליון, והספון האמור למעלה, הוא תקרת העלייה:
And he covered the Beis Hamikdosh. That is the upper covering of the roof, and the covering [=והספון] mentioned above that was the ceiling of the upper story.
וַֽיְהִי דְּבַר־יְהֹוָה אֶל־שְׁלֹמֹה לֵאמֹֽר׃
And the word of Adonoy came to Shlomo, saying,
And the word of Adonoy came to Shlomo, saying,
הַבַּיִת הַזֶּה אֲשֶׁר־אַתָּה בֹנֶה אִם־תֵּלֵךְ בְּחֻקֹּתַי וְאֶת־מִשְׁפָּטַי תַּֽעֲשֶׂה וְשָׁמַרְתָּ אֶת־כׇּל־מִצְוֺתַי לָלֶכֶת בָּהֶם וַהֲקִמֹתִי אֶת־דְּבָרִי אִתָּךְ אֲשֶׁר דִּבַּרְתִּי אֶל־דָּוִד אָבִֽיךָ׃
“In respect to this Beis Hamikdosh you are building, if you conduct yourself according to My statutes, and do My judgements, and preserve all My commandments, to conduct yourself according to them; I will fulfill My word with you that I spoke to Dovid, your father.
“In respect to this Beis Hamikdosh you are building, if you conduct yourself according to My statutes, and do My judgements, and preserve all My commandments, to conduct yourself according to them; I will fulfill My word with you that I spoke to Dovid, your father.
וְשָׁכַנְתִּי בְּתוֹךְ בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל וְלֹא אֶעֱזֹב אֶת־עַמִּי יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ {פ}
And I will dwell among the Bnei Yisroel, and I will not abandon My people, Yisroel.”
And I will dwell among the Bnei Yisroel, and I will not abandon My people, Yisroel.”
וַיִּבֶן שְׁלֹמֹה אֶת־הַבַּיִת וַיְכַלֵּֽהוּ׃
And so Shlomo built the Beis Hamikdosh and completed it.
And so Shlomo built the Beis Hamikdosh and completed it.
וַיִּבֶן אֶת־קִירוֹת הַבַּיִת מִבַּיְתָה בְּצַלְעוֹת אֲרָזִים מִקַּרְקַע הַבַּיִת עַד־קִירוֹת הַסִּפֻּן צִפָּה עֵץ מִבָּיִת וַיְצַף אֶת־קַרְקַע הַבַּיִת בְּצַלְעוֹת בְּרוֹשִֽׁים׃
He built the walls of the Beis Hamikdosh on the inside, with panels of cedar. From the floor of the Beis Hamikdosh to the beams of the ceiling, he covered with wood on the inside. He covered the floor of the Beis Hamikdosh with boards of cypress.
He built the walls of the Beis Hamikdosh on the inside, with panels of cedar. From the floor of the Beis Hamikdosh to the beams of the ceiling, he covered with wood on the inside. He covered the floor of the Beis Hamikdosh with boards of cypress.
Rashi
מביתה בצלעות ארזים. קירות ארז אצל קיר האבן, כדי לטוח עליו זהב, כמו שהוא אומר למטה (פסוק כא): ויצף שלמה את הבית פנימה זהב סגור, ואי אפשר לטוח זהב על גבי האבנים, כי אם בעצים ובמסמרות:
With panels of cedar. Boards of cedar against the stone wall in order to coat it with gold, as it states below, “And Shlomo covered the inside of the Beis Hamikdosh with refined gold,”24Below, v. 21. and it is impossible to coat gold on top of the stones, without wood and nails.
קירות הספון. קירות העלייה:
Beams of the ceiling. The boards of the attic.
את קרקע הבית. הרצפה כולה:
The floor of the Beis Hamikdosh. The entire floor.
וַיִּבֶן אֶת־עֶשְׂרִים אַמָּה (מירכותי) [מִֽיַּרְכְּתֵי] הַבַּיִת בְּצַלְעוֹת אֲרָזִים מִן־הַקַּרְקַע עַד־הַקִּירוֹת וַיִּבֶן לוֹ מִבַּיִת לִדְבִיר לְקֹדֶשׁ הַקֳּדָשִֽׁים׃
And he built twenty amohs at the end of the Beis Hamikdosh with cedar boards, from the floor to the ceiling. He built it on the inner side of the partition for the Holy of Holies.
And he built twenty amohs at the end of the Beis Hamikdosh with cedar boards, from the floor to the ceiling. He built it on the inner side of the partition for the Holy of Holies.
Rashi
את עשרים אמה מירכתי הבית. עשרים שהן מסוף ההיכל והלאה, והעשרים שבסוף הבית, הן של בית הכפורת (דהיינו קדשי הקדשים):
The twenty amohs at the end of the Beis Hamikdosh. The twenty [amohs] which were at the end of the Sanctuary and beyond, and the twenty [amohs] which were at the end of the building, they are the house containing the Ark cover (i.e., the Holy of Holies).
עד הק רות. עד התקרה, עשה קיר ארז לכסות קיר האבן, לטוח עליו זהב:
To the ceiling. He made the walls of cedar until the ceiling to cover the walls of stone in order to coat it with gold.
ויבן לו. אותם עשרים אמה:
He built it. Those twenty amohs.
מבית לדביר. לפנים ממחיצת אמה טרקסין, המפסקת בין ארבעים לעשרים, ואותה מחיצה קרויה דביר:
On the inner side of the partition. Inward of the “Amma Traksin” [partition], which separated between the forty [amohs] and the twenty [amohs], and that partition is called “Dvir.”25Also, “Dvir” sometimes means the Holy of Holies. See Rashi in v. 5 above and also the Metzudas Tzion there.
לקדש הקדשים. הבדילן לאותן עשרים אמה:
For the Holy of Holies. He designated those twenty amohs.
וְאַרְבָּעִים בָּאַמָּה הָיָה הַבָּיִת הוּא הַהֵיכָל לִפְנָֽי׃
The Beis Hamikdosh was forty amohs, that is the Sanctuary before it. [In front of the Holy of Holies].
The Beis Hamikdosh was forty amohs, that is the Sanctuary before it. [In front of the Holy of Holies].
Rashi
ההיכל לפני. לפני הדביר לצד החוץ:
That is the Sanctuary before it. In front of the partition towards the outside.
וְאֶרֶז אֶל־הַבַּיִת פְּנִימָה מִקְלַעַת פְּקָעִים וּפְטוּרֵי צִצִּים הַכֹּל אֶרֶז אֵין אֶבֶן נִרְאָֽה׃
The cedar on the inside of the Beis Hamikdosh. was carved with designs of buds and blossoming flowers. It was all cedar [wood]; no stone was visible.
The cedar on the inside of the Beis Hamikdosh. was carved with designs of buds and blossoming flowers. It was all cedar [wood]; no stone was visible.
Rashi
וארז אל הבית פנימה מקלעת פקעים פירוש, ואותם קירות ארזים שעשה אל הבית פנימה, לכסות קיר האבן, קלוע היה בציורי קליעות וצורות פקעים, כמין כפתורים: פקעים. למויישייל"ש בלע"ז:
The cedar of the inside of the Beis Hamikdosh was carved with designs. This means, that those cedar boards which he made for the inside of the building to cover the stone walls, were carved with figured carvings and forms of fragments resembling knobs; פקעים are imosjjls, in O.F.
ופטורי צצים. תרגם יונתן: ואטונין שושנין, צורת שלשלאות:
Of buds and blossoming flowers. [Targum] Yonoson rendered, “and cords and flowers,” in the form of chains.
פטורי. לשון חבלים, כלשון גמרא, כמו (מועד קטן כט א ; ברכות ח א): כפיטורי בפי ושט:
Buds. [פטורי is] an expression of cords in the language of the Talmud, as in, “as the rope through the loophole.”26Maseches Berachos 8a.
צצים. לשון פרחים, כמו (במדבר יז כג): ויצץ ציץ, חבלים ופרחים. ומנחם חברו: פטורי, לשון (שמות יג יב): פטר רחם וכמו (תהלים כב ח): יפטירו בשפה:
Blossoming flowers. [צצים is] an expression of flowers, as in, “and it bloomed [ויצץ] buds [ציץ],”27Bamidbar 17:23. cords and blossoms. But Menachem related פטורי as an expression of, “to open [פטר] of the womb,”28Shemos 13:12. and as in, “they open [יפטירו] the lip.”29Tehillim 22:8.
הכל ארז אין אבן נראה. (תרגום:) כל ביתא חפי נסרין דארזא לית אבנא מתחזיא:
All was cedar [wood] no stone was visible. [Targum Yonoson rendered,] “the whole building was covered with cedar boards, no stone was visible.”
מקלעת פקעים. תרגם יונתן: גלף חיזו ביעין (פירוש, חקוק כדמות ביצים עגולים):
Carved with designs. [Targum] Yonoson rendered, “and engraved was a resemblance of eggs.”30Alternatively, פקעים are designs of fruit.—Metzudas Tzion. (Meaning engraved in the shape of round eggs.)
וּדְבִיר בְּתוֹךְ־הַבַּיִת מִפְּנִימָה הֵכִין לְתִתֵּן שָׁם אֶת־אֲרוֹן בְּרִית יְהֹוָֽה׃
And the Holy of Holies within the Beis Hamikdosh, he prepared to place there the Ark of the Covenant of Adonoy.
And the Holy of Holies within the Beis Hamikdosh, he prepared to place there the Ark of the Covenant of Adonoy.
Rashi
ודביר בתוך הבית. מחיצת אמה טרקסין:
And the Holy of Holies within the Beis Hamikdosh. The “Amoh Traksin” partition.
לתתן. כמו לתת:
To place. [It has the same meaning] as לתת.31Knowing that the Beis Hamikdosh will eventually be destroyed Shlomo “prepared ]=[הכין” for the moment by excavating under the Sanctuary a chamber that was hidden in deep and winding tunnels. The chamber was large enough to accommodate the Ark which would be hidden there right before the destruction. See II Divrei Hayomim 35:3 and Maseches Yoma 52b.
וְלִפְנֵי הַדְּבִיר עֶשְׂרִים אַמָּה אֹרֶךְ וְעֶשְׂרִים אַמָּה רֹחַב וְעֶשְׂרִים אַמָּה קוֹמָתוֹ וַיְצַפֵּהוּ זָהָב סָגוּר וַיְצַף מִזְבֵּחַ אָֽרֶז׃
The inside of the Holy of Holies was twenty amohs long, twenty amohs wide and twenty amohs high. He covered it with refined gold and covered the Altar with cedar wood.
The inside of the Holy of Holies was twenty amohs long, twenty amohs wide and twenty amohs high. He covered it with refined gold and covered the Altar with cedar wood.
Rashi
ולפני הדביר. לפנים מאותה מחיצה, חלל של עשרים אורך, ושל עשרים רוחב:
The inside of the Holy of Holies. Within that partition was an area of twenty [amohs] long and twenty [amohs] wide.
ועשרים אמה קומתו. כלומר עליית של בית קדשי הקדשים, נמוכה משל היכל:
And twenty amohs high. I.e., the height of the Holy of Holies was lower than that of the Temple.32The height of the Holy of Holies was twenty amohs, and the height of the Temple was stated as thirty amohs in v. 2 above.
ויצפהו. לדביר, היא המחיצה:
He covered it. The Sanctuary, [i.e.,] the partition.
זהב סגור. פירשו בו רבותינו (יומא מה א): בשעה שנפתח לימכר, כל חנויות אחרות נסגרות. ויונתן תרגם: דהב טב, רוצה לומר: מי שיש לו ממנו, סוגרו לעצמו:
Refined gold. Our Rabbis explained this [סגור], that at the time [this type of gold] was offered for sale, all other stores were closed [=נסגרות].33See Maseches Yoma 45a. The other stores were closed because no one would want to buy regular gold. But [Targum] Yonoson rendered this as “good gold,” i.e., he who possesses this gold “locks” it [סוגרו] for himself.34It is so precious that he keeps it closed up all the time.
ויצף מזבח ארז. הוא מזבח הקטרת ותמיה אני, ושל משה למה נגנז:
[He] covered the altar with cedar wood. That is the [golden] altar of incense, but I am perplexed, why was Moshe’s [golden altar] hidden?
וַיְצַף שְׁלֹמֹה אֶת־הַבַּיִת מִפְּנִימָה זָהָב סָגוּר וַיְעַבֵּר (ברתיקות) [בְּרַתּוּקוֹת] זָהָב לִפְנֵי הַדְּבִיר וַיְצַפֵּהוּ זָהָֽב׃
And Shlomo covered the inside of the Beis Hamikdosh with refined gold, and he attached bars of golden chains before the Holy of Holies and he covered it with gold.
And Shlomo covered the inside of the Beis Hamikdosh with refined gold, and he attached bars of golden chains before the Holy of Holies and he covered it with gold.
Rashi
את הבית. בית קדשי הקדשים:
The [inside of the] Beis Hamikdosh. The room of the Holy of Holies.
ויעבר. לשון בריחים:
And he attached bars. [ויעבר] is an expression of bolts.
ברתוקות. שלשלאות:
Chains. Chains.
וְאֶת־כׇּל־הַבַּיִת צִפָּה זָהָב עַד־תֹּם כׇּל־הַבָּיִת וְכׇל־הַמִּזְבֵּחַ אֲֽשֶׁר־לַדְּבִיר צִפָּה זָהָֽב׃
And the whole Beis Hamikdosh he covered with gold until the the whole Beis Hamikdosh was completed; and the whole Altar of the Holy of Holies, he [also] covered with gold.
And the whole Beis Hamikdosh he covered with gold until the the whole Beis Hamikdosh was completed; and the whole Altar of the Holy of Holies, he [also] covered with gold.
Rashi
ואת כל הבית. כל ההיכל כולו:
And the whole Beis Hamikdosh. [I.e.,] the entire Sanctuary.
וַיַּעַשׂ בַּדְּבִיר שְׁנֵי כְרוּבִים עֲצֵי־שָׁמֶן עֶשֶׂר אַמּוֹת קוֹמָתֽוֹ׃
And he made in the Holy of Holies two cherubim of olive wood. Each of them was ten amohs high.
And he made in the Holy of Holies two cherubim of olive wood. Each of them was ten amohs high.
Rashi
עצי שמן. (תרגום:) דאעי זיתא:
Olive wood. [Targum Yonoson rendered,] “olive wood.”35עצי שמן literally means “oil wood.” Rashi indicates they are identical. However, in Nechemya 8:15 they are listed separately.
עשר אמות קומתו. ורגליהם בקרקע עומדים, אחד מצפון לארון, ואחד מן הדרום, סוככים על הארון ועל בדיו, אורך הכנפים מכסים מקצת (רוחב הבדים), שהארון היה נתון ארכו לרחבו של בית, ובדיו בולטין בפתח הדביר בפרוכת שכנגד הפתח, ובדיו נתונין בראשי ארכן, כדי שיהיו שני לוים יכולים ליכנס ביניהם, כשנושאין אותו במדבר:
Ten amohs high. And their legs were standing on the ground,36Unlike the cherubim that were made by Betzalel which were on the cover of the Ark and faced each other . See Shemos 37:9. one was on the north of the Ark and one on the south, covering the Ark and its poles. The length of the wings covered part (of the poles’ width) since the Ark’s length was set to the width of the Temple, and its poles were protruding at the entrance of the Holy of Holies into the curtain which was at the entrance. Its poles were set at the ends of the Ark’s length, in order that two Leviyim should be able to enter between them, when they were carrying it in the wilderness.
וְחָמֵשׁ אַמּוֹת כְּנַף הַכְּרוּב הָאֶחָת וְחָמֵשׁ אַמּוֹת כְּנַף הַכְּרוּב הַשֵּׁנִית עֶשֶׂר אַמּוֹת מִקְצוֹת כְּנָפָיו וְעַד־קְצוֹת כְּנָפָֽיו׃
The wing of one cherub was five amohs, and five amohs was the other wing of the cherub. It was ten amohs from one end of its wings to the [other] end of its wings.
The wing of one cherub was five amohs, and five amohs was the other wing of the cherub. It was ten amohs from one end of its wings to the [other] end of its wings.
Rashi
עשר אמות מקצות כנפיו ועד קצות כנפיו. כשהן פרושות, נמצאות כנפות שניהם שהיו נוגעות זו בזו, ממלאות כל חלל עשרים אמה, וגוף הכרובים אינו מן המדה, ועומד בנס (בבא בתרא צט א):
It was ten amohs from one end of its wings to the [other] end of its wings. When they are spread, the wings of both [cherubs], which touched one another, filled the entire space of twenty amohs; and the bodies of the cherubim are not included in the measurement, and stood miraculously.37See Maseches Bava Basra 99a. Alternatively, the wings were attached to the cherubs in such a way that the two wings of each cherub touched each other without any space between them. Thus a miracle was not necessary.—Radak.
וְעֶשֶׂר בָּֽאַמָּה הַכְּרוּב הַשֵּׁנִי מִדָּה אַחַת וְקֶצֶב אֶחָד לִשְׁנֵי הַכְּרֻבִֽים׃
The second cherub was ten amohs [high]; of one measurement and of one form were the two cherubim.
The second cherub was ten amohs [high]; of one measurement and of one form were the two cherubim.
קוֹמַת הַכְּרוּב הָאֶחָד עֶשֶׂר בָּאַמָּה וְכֵן הַכְּרוּב הַשֵּׁנִֽי׃
The height of one cherub was ten amohs, and so was the second cherub.
The height of one cherub was ten amohs, and so was the second cherub.
וַיִּתֵּן אֶת־הַכְּרוּבִים בְּתוֹךְ ׀ הַבַּיִת הַפְּנִימִי וַֽיִּפְרְשׂוּ אֶת־כַּנְפֵי הַכְּרֻבִים וַתִּגַּע כְּנַף־הָאֶחָד בַּקִּיר וּכְנַף הַכְּרוּב הַשֵּׁנִי נֹגַעַת בַּקִּיר הַשֵּׁנִי וְכַנְפֵיהֶם אֶל־תּוֹךְ הַבַּיִת נֹגְעֹת כָּנָף אֶל־כָּנָֽף׃
And he placed the cherubim in the innermost chamber and they spread the wings of the cherubim. The wing of one touched the wall, and the wing of the second cherub touched the other wall; and their wings which were inside the chamber were touching, wing to wing.
And he placed the cherubim in the innermost chamber and they spread the wings of the cherubim. The wing of one touched the wall, and the wing of the second cherub touched the other wall; and their wings which were inside the chamber were touching, wing to wing.
Rashi
ותגע כנף האחד בקיר. צפון:
The wing of one touched the wall. The north[ern wall].
וכנף הכרוב השני נוגעת בקיר. הדרום, סוככים על הארון ועל בדיו:
And the wing of the second cherub touched the other wall. The southern [wall]; they covered the Ark and its poles.
וכנפיהם אל תוך הבית. וראשי הכנפים אשר באמצע הבית:
And their wings which were inside the chamber. The tips of the wings which were [towards] the center of the room.
נוגעות כנף אל כנף. שכל חלל הבית עשרים:
Were touching wing to wing. Because the entire space of the room [i.e., the Holy of Holies] was twenty [amohs].
וַיְצַף אֶת־הַכְּרוּבִים זָהָֽב׃
And he covered the cherubim with gold.
And he covered the cherubim with gold.
וְאֵת כׇּל־קִירוֹת הַבַּיִת מֵסַב ׀ קָלַע פִּתּוּחֵי מִקְלְעוֹת כְּרוּבִים וְתִמֹרֹת וּפְטוּרֵי צִצִּים מִלִּפְנִים וְלַחִיצֽוֹן׃
And all the walls of the Beis Hamikdosh, he encircled with figures, of carved figures of cherubim and palm trees, and budding flowers; from within and without.
And all the walls of the Beis Hamikdosh, he encircled with figures, of carved figures of cherubim and palm trees, and budding flowers; from within and without.
Rashi
ואת כל קירות הבית. קירות העץ:
And all the walls of the Beis Hamikdosh. The wooden walls.
מסב קלע. מוקפות ציורין:
He encircled with figures. Surrounded with drawings.
פתוחי מקלעות כרובים. חקוקי צורת כרובים ודקלים וחבלים ופרחים:
Carved figures of cherubim. Engraved forms of cherubim, and [palm] trees, cords, and flowers.
מלפנים ולחיצון. לבית הכפורת הפנימי, ולהיכל החיצון:
From within and without. [I.e.,] for the inner room of the Ark cover [i.e., the Holy of Holies], and for the Sanctuary, the “one without.”38Even though the Sanctuary was also located “within” the Beis Hamikdosh, however, relative to the Holy of Holies it is the “one without.”
וְאֶת־קַרְקַע הַבַּיִת צִפָּה זָהָב לִפְנִימָה וְלַחִיצֽוֹן׃
And the floor of the Beis Hamikdosh, he covered with gold, in the inner and the outer [chambers.]
And the floor of the Beis Hamikdosh, he covered with gold, in the inner and the outer [chambers.]
Rashi
ואת קרקע הבית. כל הרצפה:
And the floor of the Beis Hamikdosh. The entire floor.
לפנימה ולחיצון. לבית הכפורת ולהיכל:
In the inner and outer [chambers]. For the room of the Ark cover [i.e., the Holy of Holies] and for the Sanctuary.
וְאֵת פֶּתַח הַדְּבִיר עָשָׂה דַּלְתוֹת עֲצֵי־שָׁמֶן הָאַיִל מְזוּזוֹת חֲמִשִֽׁית׃
And for the entrance of the Holy of Holies, he made doors of olive wood. The door-posts consisted of five sides.
And for the entrance of the Holy of Holies, he made doors of olive wood. The door-posts consisted of five sides.
Rashi
עצי שמן. עצי זית:
Olive wood. Olive wood.
האיל. אילי הפתח, הם המזוזות שמכאן ומכאן, עשויות עגולות, כמין אילים איליו ואילמיו (ספרים אחרים אלה ואלון) וכן בכל בנין יחזקאל, ספות הפתחים קרוים אילים:
The lintel. These are the lintels [=אילי] of the entrance, these are the doorposts from each side that were made round, similar to אילים,39Yechezkeil 40:21. איליו,40Ibid. 40:9. ואילמיו41Ibid. 40:10. (other texts: אלה' ואלון), and similarly in all of Yechezkeil’s structure[s],42See Ibid. 40. the doorposts at the entrance are called אילים.43See Rashi Ibid. 40:9.
מזוזות חמישית. המפתן האחד, והמזוזות מכאן ומכאן שתים, הרי שלש, והמשקוף שעליו עשוי כשתים כזה וזה השרטוט: כך שמעתי. ואני אומר, מזוזות חמישית, חמשה צלעות היו למזוזות, ולא היתה מרובעת, ואינו מדבר לא, במפתן, ולא במשקוף, שלא מצינו מפתן ומשקוף קרוין אילים:
The door-posts. [The door frame consisted of five parts.] The threshold is one, and the side posts on each side are two, totaling three, and the lintel which is on it was made in two, like this. Thus have I heard.44Alternatively, it was the fifth of a series of doorways of the Beis Hamikdosh encountered by one entering from the outside.—Ralbag. But I say, מזוזות חמישית [refers to the] five sides that each of the door posts had, and it was not four-sided; and [the verse] is speaking neither about the threshold nor about the lintel, because we find neither the threshold nor the lintel called “אילים.”
וּשְׁתֵּי דַּלְתוֹת עֲצֵי־שֶׁמֶן וְקָלַע עֲלֵיהֶם מִקְלְעוֹת כְּרוּבִים וְתִמֹרֹת וּפְטוּרֵי צִצִּים וְצִפָּה זָהָב וַיָּרֶד עַל־הַכְּרוּבִים וְעַל־הַתִּמֹרוֹת אֶת־הַזָּהָֽב׃
Two doors were of olive wood and he carved upon them carvings of cherubim, and palm trees and budding flowers, and he covered them with gold. He hammered upon the cherubim and upon the palm trees [thin strips of] gold.
Two doors were of olive wood and he carved upon them carvings of cherubim, and palm trees and budding flowers, and he covered them with gold. He hammered upon the cherubim and upon the palm trees [thin strips of] gold.
Rashi
וירד על הכרובים. היה מרדד הזהב טסין דקין בפיתוחי הצורות, להיות שוקע בו במקום החקק, ובולט על הבליטה, שלא יהא הזהב מבטל את הצורות, ויהיו צורות העץ ניכרות בזהב:
He hammered upon the cherubim. He spread the gold in thin sheets [in order] to sink them into the engraved forms, so that it be recessed into the engraved places and protrude on the protrusions, so that the gold does not ruin the figures, and so that the figures in the wood are distinguishable under the gold.
וְכֵן עָשָׂה לְפֶתַח הַהֵיכָל מְזוּזוֹת עֲצֵי־שָׁמֶן מֵאֵת רְבִעִֽית׃
He also made for the entrance of the Sanctuary, door-posts of olive wood consisting of four sides.
He also made for the entrance of the Sanctuary, door-posts of olive wood consisting of four sides.
Rashi
מאת רבעית. מזוזות ההיכל היו רבועות, וכן תרגם יונתן: מן ארבעה סיטריהון מרבעין:
Consisting of four parts. The side posts [i.e., the entire door frames] of the Sanctuary were square, and so did [Targum] Yonoson translate, “from their four sides squared.”
וּשְׁתֵּי דַלְתוֹת עֲצֵי בְרוֹשִׁים שְׁנֵי צְלָעִים הַדֶּלֶת הָאַחַת גְּלִילִים וּשְׁנֵי קְלָעִים הַדֶּלֶת הַשֵּׁנִית גְּלִילִֽים׃
And two doors [were made] of cypress wood. The one door had two rounded hinges and the second door had two rounded hinges.
And two doors [were made] of cypress wood. The one door had two rounded hinges and the second door had two rounded hinges.
Rashi
ושתי דלתות. כל אחת כדי חצי רוחב הפתח:
And two doors. Each [door] was half the width of the entrance.
שני צלעים. תרגם יונתן: תרין צירין, ציר העליון, וציר התחתון:
Two [rounded] hinges. [Targum] Yonoson rendered “two hinges,” an upper hinge and a lower hinge.45Alternatively, צלעים means “sides,” i.e., both the inner and outer sides of the doors were overlaid with carvings.—Radak.
גלילים. (תרגום:) סגלגלין:
Rounded. [Targum Yonoson rendered,] oval.
ושני קלעים. אף זה מתורגם צירין, לשון קלעים אומר אני, שהוא לשון ארמי, לשון כניסה, שהוא נכנס בחור המפתן:
Two [rounded] hinges. Also this is rendered [by Targum Yonoson] “hinges.” The expression קלעים, I maintain, is of Aramaic derivation, an expression meaning “entrance,” because the hinge enters into the cavity of the threshold.46Alternatively, קלעים are curtains, meaning that the doors folded in the same manner a curtain does.
וְקָלַע כְּרוּבִים וְתִמֹרוֹת וּפְטֻרֵי צִצִּים וְצִפָּה זָהָב מְיֻשָּׁר עַל־הַמְּחֻקֶּֽה׃
And he carved upon them cherubim, palm trees and budding flowers, and he covered them with gold, fitting precisely upon the carvings.
And he carved upon them cherubim, palm trees and budding flowers, and he covered them with gold, fitting precisely upon the carvings.
Rashi
וקלע כרובים. על הדלתות:
And he carved upon them cherubim. On the doors.
מיושר על המחוקה. הזהב מכוון על חיקוק הצורות, שוקע במקום שקועו, ובולט במקום בליטתו, שיהיו הצורות ניכרות בו:
Fitting precisely upon the carvings. The gold was fitted onto the carved forms; recessed in the place of its engraving, and protruding in its place of protrusion so that the carved forms are [clearly] distinguishable [in the gold overlay].
וַיִּבֶן אֶת־הֶחָצֵר הַפְּנִימִית שְׁלֹשָׁה טוּרֵי גָזִית וְטוּר כְּרֻתֹת אֲרָזִֽים׃
He built the inner courtyard with three rows of hewn stones, and a row of cut cedar beams.
He built the inner courtyard with three rows of hewn stones, and a row of cut cedar beams.
Rashi
החצר הפנימית. היא עזרת הכהנים ועזרת ישראל, והיא היתה לפני האולם, וקורא אותה פנימית, לפי שהיתה לפנים מעזרת נשים, (ובמקרא לא מצינו כתוב 'עזרת', כי אם במשנה):
The inner court. This was the court of Kohanim and the court of Yisroel, and it was [located] before the entrance hall, yet he calls it “the inner one” because it was inward of the women’s court. (In the Biblical text we do not find written “עזרת” except for in the Mishnah.47See Mishnayos Midos 2:5,6.)
וטור כרותות ארזים. נדבך של קירות (מחוטבות) עשה בחומה:
And a row of cut cedar beams. A tier of (cut) beams made [part of] the wall.
בַּשָּׁנָה הָרְבִיעִית יֻסַּד בֵּית יְהֹוָה בְּיֶרַח זִֽו׃
In the fourth year, the foundation was laid—of the Beis Hamikdosh of Adonoy, in the month of Ziv.
In the fourth year, the foundation was laid—of the Beis Hamikdosh of Adonoy, in the month of Ziv.
Rashi
בשנה הרביעית. למלך שלמה:
In the fourth year. Of Shlomo Hamelech[’s reign].
יסד בית ה'. הוחל יסודו:
The foundation was laid— of the Beis Hamikdosh house of Adonoy. Its foundation was begun.48I.e., construction of Beis Hamikdosh began.
וּבַשָּׁנָה הָאַחַת עֶשְׂרֵה בְּיֶרַח בּוּל הוּא הַחֹדֶשׁ הַשְּׁמִינִי כָּלָה הַבַּיִת לְכׇל־דְּבָרָיו וּלְכׇל־מִשְׁפָּטָו וַיִּבְנֵהוּ שֶׁבַע שָׁנִֽים׃
And in the eleventh year, in the month of Bul, which is the eighth month, the Beis Hamikdosh was completed according to all its plans, and all that was necessary for it, he built it in seven years.
And in the eleventh year, in the month of Bul, which is the eighth month, the Beis Hamikdosh was completed according to all its plans, and all that was necessary for it, he built it in seven years.
Rashi
בירח בול. הוא מרחשון, שהעשב בלה בשדה, ובוללין לבהמה מן הבית, מלשון (שופטים יט כא:) ויבל לחמורים:
In the month of Bul. This is [the month of] Mar Cheshvan;49The Flood [מבול] during Noach’s time began in the month of Marcheshvan. [when] the grass in the field decays, and cattle is given fodder from what is stored, from the expression “and he gave fodder [ויבל] to the donkeys.”50Shoftim 19:21.
בחדש זיו. הוא אייר, דאית ביה זיוא לאילנא, וכן תרגם יונתן: זיו נצניא:
In the month of Ziv. This is Iyar because the trees have blossoms. And [Targum] Yonoson translated this similarly, “the bloom of the buds.”