Tanach
Shemot 14:26-31 שמות י״ד:כ״ו-ל״א
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וַיֹּאמֶר יְהֹוָה אֶל־מֹשֶׁה נְטֵה אֶת־יָדְךָ עַל־הַיָּם וְיָשֻׁבוּ הַמַּיִם עַל־מִצְרַיִם עַל־רִכְבּוֹ וְעַל־פָּרָשָֽׁיו׃
Adonoy said to Moshe, “Extend your hand over the sea, and the water will come back over the Egyptians, [over] their chariots and their cavalry.”
Adonoy said to Moshe, “Extend your hand over the sea, and the water will come back over the Egyptians, [over] their chariots and their cavalry.”
Rashi
וַיֵּט מֹשֶׁה אֶת־יָדוֹ עַל־הַיָּם וַיָּשׇׁב הַיָּם לִפְנוֹת בֹּקֶר לְאֵיתָנוֹ וּמִצְרַיִם נָסִים לִקְרָאתוֹ וַיְנַעֵר יְהֹוָה אֶת־מִצְרַיִם בְּתוֹךְ הַיָּֽם׃
Moshe extended his hand over the sea, and, toward morning, the sea returned to its strength while the Egyptians were fleeing toward it. Adonoy overturned the Egyptians in the midst of the sea.
Moshe extended his hand over the sea, and, toward morning, the sea returned to its strength while the Egyptians were fleeing toward it. Adonoy overturned the Egyptians in the midst of the sea.
Rashi
לפנות בקר. לעת שהבוקר פונה לבא:
Toward morning. At the time that the morning turns to come.
לאיתנו. לתקפו הראשון:
To its strength. — to its original strength.
נסים לקראתו. שהיו מהוממים ומטורפים ורצין לקראת המים:
Were fleeing toward it. Because they were confused and in panic, they ran toward the waters.
וינער ה'. כאדם שמנער את הקדירה והופך העליון למטה והתחתון למעלה, כך היו עולין ויורדין ומשתברין בים, ונתן הקב"ה בהם חיות לקבל היסורין:
Adonoy overturned. As a person who stirs a pot and overturns that which is on top to the bottom and that which is at the bottom to the top, so, too, did they (the Egyptians) go up and down and were broken apart in the sea; and God kept them alive so that they receive the pain [longer].
וינער. וְשַׁנִּיק, והוא לשון טרוף בלשון ארמי. והרבה יש במדרש אגדה:
Stirred. [Onkelos translates it:] וְשַׁנֵּיק which is a term meaning to stir in Aramaic. There are many such usages in Midrash Aggadah.
וַיָּשֻׁבוּ הַמַּיִם וַיְכַסּוּ אֶת־הָרֶכֶב וְאֶת־הַפָּרָשִׁים לְכֹל חֵיל פַּרְעֹה הַבָּאִים אַחֲרֵיהֶם בַּיָּם לֹֽא־נִשְׁאַר בָּהֶם עַד־אֶחָֽד׃
The waters returned and covered the chariots, and the cavalry, including Pharaoh’s entire army which had followed them into the sea. Not one of them remained [alive].
The waters returned and covered the chariots, and the cavalry, including Pharaoh’s entire army which had followed them into the sea. Not one of them remained [alive].
Rashi
ויכסו את הרכב וגו' לכל חיל פרעה. כך דרך המקראות לכתוב למ"ד יתירה, כמו לְכָל כֵּלָיו תַּעֲשֶׂה נְחשֶׁת (שמות כז, ג), וכן לְכֹל כְּלֵי הַמִּשְׁכָּן, בְּכֹל עֲבֹדָתֹו (שם יט), וְיתֵדֹתָם וּמֵיתְרֵיהֶם לְכָל כְּלֵיהֶם, ואינה אלא תקון לשון:
They covered the chariots, etc. including Pharaoh’s entire army. This is usual for [Biblical] verses to write a redundant למ"ד as in: “(לְכָל all its vessels you shall make of copper.” Similarly: “(לְכֹל) all the vessels of the Mishkon in all its service.” [or:] “and their pegs and their ropes (לְכָל) and all their vessels.” This is done only for the purpose of style.
וּבְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל הָלְכוּ בַיַּבָּשָׁה בְּתוֹךְ הַיָּם וְהַמַּיִם לָהֶם חֹמָה מִֽימִינָם וּמִשְּׂמֹאלָֽם׃
The B’nei Yisrael walked on dry land in the midst of the sea. For them the waters were a wall to their right and to their left.
The B’nei Yisrael walked on dry land in the midst of the sea. For them the waters were a wall to their right and to their left.
וַיּוֹשַׁע יְהֹוָה בַּיּוֹם הַהוּא אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵל מִיַּד מִצְרָיִם וַיַּרְא יִשְׂרָאֵל אֶת־מִצְרַיִם מֵת עַל־שְׂפַת הַיָּֽם׃
On that day Adonoy delivered [B’nei] Yisrael from the hand of Egypt. [B’nei] Yisrael saw the Egyptians dead on the seashore.
On that day Adonoy delivered [B’nei] Yisrael from the hand of Egypt. [B’nei] Yisrael saw the Egyptians dead on the seashore.
Rashi
וירא ישראל את מצרים מת. שפלטן הים על שפתו, כדי שלא יאמרו ישראל, כשם שאנו עולים מצד זה, כך הם עולין מצד אחר רחוק ממנו, וירדפו אחרינו:
Yisrael saw the Egyptians dead. — because the sea expelled them (the Egyptians) onto its shore, so that Yisrael would not say: “Just as we are coming up from this side so, too, are they coming up from the other side, at a distance from us and they will pursue us.”
וַיַּרְא יִשְׂרָאֵל אֶת־הַיָּד הַגְּדֹלָה אֲשֶׁר עָשָׂה יְהֹוָה בְּמִצְרַיִם וַיִּֽירְאוּ הָעָם אֶת־יְהֹוָה וַֽיַּאֲמִינוּ בַּֽיהֹוָה וּבְמֹשֶׁה עַבְדּֽוֹ׃ {פ}
[B’nei] Yisrael saw the great hand which Adonoy wielded against Egypt. The people feared Adonoy, and believed in Adonoy and [that] Moshe [was] His servant.
[B’nei] Yisrael saw the great hand which Adonoy wielded against Egypt. The people feared Adonoy, and believed in Adonoy and [that] Moshe [was] His servant.
Rashi
את היד הגדולה. את הגבורה הגדולה שעשתה ידו של הקב"ה. והרבה לשונות נופלין על לשון יד, וכולן לשון יד ממש הן, והמפרשו יתקן הלשון אחר ענין הדבור:
The great hand. [Meaning:] the great power which was effected by the hand of God. There are many meanings that fit the term יָד, and they all signify the actual hand and the one explaining it should fit the meaning according to the context.
וישובו המים. שזקופים ועומדים כחומה, ישובו למקומם ויכסו על מצרים:
And the water will come back. [The waters] that were standing erect as a wall will return to their place and cover the Egyptians.