Tanach
Shemot 15:20-21 שמות ט״ו:כ׳-כ״א
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וַתִּקַּח מִרְיָם הַנְּבִיאָה אֲחוֹת אַהֲרֹן אֶת־הַתֹּף בְּיָדָהּ וַתֵּצֶאןָ כׇֽל־הַנָּשִׁים אַחֲרֶיהָ בְּתֻפִּים וּבִמְחֹלֹֽת׃
Miriam the prophetess, sister of Aharon, took the drum in her hand; and all the women followed her with drums and dancing.
Miriam the prophetess, sister of Aharon, took the drum in her hand; and all the women followed her with drums and dancing.
Rashi
את התף. כלי של מיני זמר:
The drum. An instrument for certain kinds of music.
בתופים ובמחולות. מובטחות היו צדקניות שבדור שהקב"ה עושה להם נסים, והוציאו תופים ממצרים:
With drums and dancing. The righteous women of that generations were sure that God would perform miracles for them so they took drums out of Egypt.
וַתַּעַן לָהֶם מִרְיָם שִׁירוּ לַֽיהֹוָה כִּֽי־גָאֹה גָּאָה סוּס וְרֹכְבוֹ רָמָה בַיָּֽם׃ {ס}
Miriam led them in the response: “Sing to Adonoy for He is most high; horse and its rider He hurled into the sea.”
Miriam led them in the response: “Sing to Adonoy for He is most high; horse and its rider He hurled into the sea.”
Rashi
ותען להם מרים. משה אמר שירה לאנשים, הוא אומר והם עונין אחריו, ומרים אמרה שירה לנשים (מכילתא פ"י):
Miriam led them in the response. Moshe sang the song for the men — he would say it and they would respond after him. And Miriam sang the song for the women.
ותקח מרים הנביאה. היכן נתנבאה, כשהיתה אחות אהרן קודם שנולד משה, אמרה עתידה אמי שתלד בן וכו', כדאיתא בסוטה (יב:). דבר אחר אחות אהרן, לפי שמסר נפשו עליה כשנצטרעה, נקראת על שמו:
Miriam, the prophetess, took. Where was it that she prophesied? It was when she was [only] Aharon’s sister, before Moshe was born. She [then] said: “My mother is destined to give birth to a son, etc.,” as is related in Maseches Sotah. An alternate explanation [as to why she is identified as] Aharon’s sister: Because he put his life in jeopardy for her when she was struck by leprosy, she is identified by his name.