Tanach
Shemot 16:4-10 שמות ט״ז:ד׳-י׳
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וַיֹּאמֶר יְהֹוָה אֶל־מֹשֶׁה הִנְנִי מַמְטִיר לָכֶם לֶחֶם מִן־הַשָּׁמָיִם וְיָצָא הָעָם וְלָֽקְטוּ דְּבַר־יוֹם בְּיוֹמוֹ לְמַעַן אֲנַסֶּנּוּ הֲיֵלֵךְ בְּתוֹרָתִי אִם־לֹֽא׃
Adonoy said to Moshe, “Behold, I will make bread rain from heaven for you, and the people shall go out and gather enough for each day, that I may test them [to see] if they will walk in [the way of] My teaching or not.
Adonoy said to Moshe, “Behold, I will make bread rain from heaven for you, and the people shall go out and gather enough for each day, that I may test them [to see] if they will walk in [the way of] My teaching or not.
Rashi
למען אנסנו הילך בתורתי. אם ישמרו מצות התלויות בו, שלא יותירו ממנו, ולא יצאו בשבת ללקוט:
That I may test them [to see] If they will walk [in the way of] My teaching. Whether they will keep the mitzvos dealing with it [viz.,] that they not leave any of it [overnight] and that they not go out on Shabbos to gather [it].
וְהָיָה בַּיּוֹם הַשִּׁשִּׁי וְהֵכִינוּ אֵת אֲשֶׁר־יָבִיאוּ וְהָיָה מִשְׁנֶה עַל אֲשֶֽׁר־יִלְקְטוּ יוֹם ׀ יֽוֹם׃
On the sixth day [when] they prepare what they bring [home], it will be twice as much as they gather every [other] day.”
On the sixth day [when] they prepare what they bring [home], it will be twice as much as they gather every [other] day.”
Rashi
והיה משנה. ליום ולמחרת:
It will be twice as much. For today and for tomorrow.
משנה. על שהיו רגילים ללקוט יום יום של שאר ימות השבוע. ואומר אני אשר יביאו והיה משנה, לאחר שיביאו ימצאו משנה במדידה, על אשר ילקטו וימדו יום יום, וזהו לָקְטוּ לֶחֶם מִשְׁנֶה, בלקיטתו היה נמצא לחם משנה, וזהו עַל כֵּן הוּא נֹתֵן לָכֶם בַּיֹּום הַשִּׁשִּׁי לֶחֶם יֹומָיִם, נותן לכם ברכה (פויש"ן) בבית, למלאות העומר פעמים ללחם יומים:
Twice as much. As they usually gathered each day of the rest of the days of the week. I say that אֲשֶׁר יָבִיאוּ וְהָיָה מִשְׁנֶה [should be joined] [and it means:] “After they bring it [home] they will find twice as much upon measuring it over what they had been gathering and measuring every day.” This is the meaning of לָקְטוּ לֶחֶם מִשְׁנֶה: [i.e.,] upon having gathered it it was found to be a double portion of bread. This, too, is the meaning of: “Therefore He gives you on the sixth day bread for two days.” He gives you a blessing (foison in Old French) in the house, to fill the omer twice, so as to have bread for two days.
וַיֹּאמֶר מֹשֶׁה וְאַהֲרֹן אֶֽל־כׇּל־בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל עֶרֶב וִֽידַעְתֶּם כִּי יְהֹוָה הוֹצִיא אֶתְכֶם מֵאֶרֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃
Moshe and Aharon said to all the B’nei Yisrael, “In the evening you will know that [it is] Adonoy [Who] brought you out from the land of Egypt.
Moshe and Aharon said to all the B’nei Yisrael, “In the evening you will know that [it is] Adonoy [Who] brought you out from the land of Egypt.
Rashi
ערב. כמו לערב:
In the evening. [עֶרֶב is] the same as לָעֶרֶב — “in the evening.”
וידעתם כי ה' הוציא אתכם מארץ מצרים. לפי שאמרתם לנו כי הוצאתם אותנו, תדעו כי לא אנחנו המוציאים, אלא ה' הוציא אתכם שיגיז לכם את השליו:
You will know that Adonoy brought you out from the land of Egypt. “Since you said to us: ‘for you have brought us out,’ you shall [now] know that it was not we who brought [you] out but rather Adonoy Who brought you out for He will will make the quails available to you.”
וּבֹקֶר וּרְאִיתֶם אֶת־כְּבוֹד יְהֹוָה בְּשׇׁמְעוֹ אֶת־תְּלֻנֹּתֵיכֶם עַל־יְהֹוָה וְנַחְנוּ מָה כִּי (תלונו) [תַלִּינוּ] עָלֵֽינוּ׃
And in the morning you will see the glory of Adonoy, for He has heard your complaints against Adonoy. But what are we that you cause complaints against us?”
And in the morning you will see the glory of Adonoy, for He has heard your complaints against Adonoy. But what are we that you cause complaints against us?”
Rashi
ובקר וראיתם. לא על הכבוד שנאמר וְהִנֵּה כְּבֹוד ה' נִרְאָה בֶּעָנָן נאמר, אלא כך אמר להם, ערב וידעתם כי היכולת בידו ליתן תאותכם, ובשר יתן, אך לא בפנים מאירות יתננה לכם, כי שלא כהוגן שאלתם אותו, ומכרס מלאה, והלחם ששאלתם לצורך בירידתו, לבקר תראו את כבוד אור פניו, שיורידוהו לכם דרך חבה בבקר, שיש שעות להכינו, וטל מלמעלה וטל מלמטה כמונח בקופסא:
And in the morning you will see. This is not a reference to the glory that is mentioned [in the verse]: “and behold the glory of Adonoy was visible in the cloud.” But this is what he said to them: “In the evening you will know that He has the power in His hand to give you your desires and [though] He will give [you] meat He will not give it to you with a bright countenance for you asked for something improperly, and on a full stomach. But the bread for which you asked out of necessity, when it will descend in the morning you will see the glory of His bright countenance for He will bring it down to you in a loving manner: (a) in the morning, when there is time to prepare it, (b) with dew above it and dew below it as if packed in a box.
תלנותיכם על ה'. כמו אשר על ה':
Your complaints against Adonoy. [עַל ה' is] the same as אֲשֶׁר עַל ה' that are against God.
ונחנו מה. מה אנחנו חשובין:
But what are we. [I.e.,] What is our importance —
כי תלינו עלינו. שתרעימו עלינו את הכל, את בניכם ונשיכם ובנותיכם וערב רב. ועל כרחי אני זקוק לפרש תלינו בלשון תפעילו, מפני דגשותו וקרייתו, שאילו היה רפה, הייתי מפרשו בלשון תפעילו, כמו וַיָּלֶן הָעָם עַל משֶׁה (שמות יז, ג), או אם היה דגוש ואין בו יו"ד ונקרא תלונו, הייתי מפרשו לשון תתלוננו, עכשיו הוא משמע תלינו את אחרים, כמו במרגלים וַיַּלִּינוּ עָלָיו אֶת כָּל הָעֵדָה (במדבר יד, ב):
that you cause complaints against us? That you should set everyone complaining against us — your sons, your wives, your daughters, and the mixture of nationalities. It is with no choice that I am forced to explain the word תַלִּינוּ as meaning “to cause another to do” because of its dagesh and the way it is read. For if it had been the “weak” form (without a dagesh) I would have explained it in the form תִּפְעֲלוּ, as in “(וַיָּלֶן) The nation complained against Moshe.” Or if it had had a dagesh, without a letter י' [after the ל'] and would have been read: תִּלוֹנוּ, I would have explained it in the form of תִּתְלוֹנְנוּ — “you have made yourselves complainers.” But now [in the form of תַלִּינוּ] it has the meaning of: “You have caused others to complain,” as in the case of the spies [where it says]: “They caused to complain against him the entire congregation.”
וַיֹּאמֶר מֹשֶׁה בְּתֵת יְהֹוָה לָכֶם בָּעֶרֶב בָּשָׂר לֶאֱכֹל וְלֶחֶם בַּבֹּקֶר לִשְׂבֹּעַ בִּשְׁמֹעַ יְהֹוָה אֶת־תְּלֻנֹּתֵיכֶם אֲשֶׁר־אַתֶּם מַלִּינִם עָלָיו וְנַחְנוּ מָה לֹא־עָלֵינוּ תְלֻנֹּתֵיכֶם כִּי עַל־יְהֹוָֽה׃
[Then] Moshe said, “When Adonoy gives you meat to eat in the evening, and a filling meal of bread in the morning, Adonoy will have heard your complaints, that you cause complaints against Him. What are we? Your complaints are not against us but against Adonoy.”
[Then] Moshe said, “When Adonoy gives you meat to eat in the evening, and a filling meal of bread in the morning, Adonoy will have heard your complaints, that you cause complaints against Him. What are we? Your complaints are not against us but against Adonoy.”
Rashi
בשר לאכול. ולא לשובע, למדה תורה דרך ארץ שאין אוכלין בשר לשובע. ומה ראה להוריד לחם בבקר ובשר בערב, לפי שהלחם שאלו כהוגן, שאי אפשר לו לאדם בלא לחם, אבל בשר שאלו שלא כהוגן, שהרבה בהמות היו להם, ועוד שהיה אפשר להם בלא בשר, לפיכך נתן להם בשעת טורח שלא כהוגן:
Meat to eat. But not to [your] fill. The Torah, thereby, teaches proper manners — that meat should not be eaten to satiety. Why did He see fit to make the bread fall in the morning, whereas the meat [fell] in the evening? Because for bread they asked properly for it is impossible for man [to live] without bread, but for meat they asked improperly because they had an abundance of cattle. Furthermore, they could get along without meat. He therefore gave it to them at an inconvenient time [which was correspondingly] improper.
אשר אתם מלינים עליו. את האחרים, השומעים אתכם מתלוננים:
That you cause complaints against Him. [I.e., “You cause] others to do so, who hear you complain.”
וַיֹּאמֶר מֹשֶׁה אֶֽל־אַהֲרֹן אֱמֹר אֶֽל־כׇּל־עֲדַת בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל קִרְבוּ לִפְנֵי יְהֹוָה כִּי שָׁמַע אֵת תְּלֻנֹּתֵיכֶֽם׃
Then Moshe said to Aharon, “Say to the entire community of the B’nei Yisrael: Come near before Adonoy, for He has heard your complaints.”
Then Moshe said to Aharon, “Say to the entire community of the B’nei Yisrael: Come near before Adonoy, for He has heard your complaints.”
Rashi
קרבו. למקום שהענן ירד:
Come near [before Adonoy]. To the place where the cloud will descend.
וַיְהִי כְּדַבֵּר אַהֲרֹן אֶל־כׇּל־עֲדַת בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל וַיִּפְנוּ אֶל־הַמִּדְבָּר וְהִנֵּה כְּבוֹד יְהֹוָה נִרְאָה בֶּעָנָֽן׃ {פ}
As Aharon spoke to the entire community of the B’nei Yisrael, they turned toward to the desert, and behold the glory of Adonoy was visible in the cloud.
As Aharon spoke to the entire community of the B’nei Yisrael, they turned toward to the desert, and behold the glory of Adonoy was visible in the cloud.
דבר יום ביומו. צורך אכילת יום ילקטו ביומו, ולא ילקטו היום לצורך מחר (מכילתא ויסע פ"ב):
Enough for each day. The food requirements for the day they shall gather on that day. They may not gather today for tomorrow’s needs.