Tanach
Shemot 16 שמות ט״ז
Part of: BeshalachBeshalach, Aliyah 5Beshalach, Aliyah 6Petuchah, Exodus 16:11Setumah, Exodus 15:27Setumah, Exodus 16:4Setumah, Exodus 16:28
Reading: Hebrew · Simple EnglishHebrew · Faithful translationHebrew onlyHebrew · Simple EnglishHebrew · Faithful translationHebrew onlySimple English onlyFaithful translation onlySide by sideRashi
וַיִּסְעוּ מֵֽאֵילִם וַיָּבֹאוּ כׇּל־עֲדַת בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל אֶל־מִדְבַּר־סִין אֲשֶׁר בֵּין־אֵילִם וּבֵין סִינָי בַּחֲמִשָּׁה עָשָׂר יוֹם לַחֹדֶשׁ הַשֵּׁנִי לְצֵאתָם מֵאֶרֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃
They journeyed from Eilim, and the entire community of the B’nei Yisrael came to the desert of Sin, which is between Eilim and Sinai. It was the fifteenth day of the second month after they went out of the land of Egypt.
They journeyed from Eilim, and the entire community of the B’nei Yisrael came to the desert of Sin, which is between Eilim and Sinai. It was the fifteenth day of the second month after they went out of the land of Egypt.
Rashi
(וילינו) [וַיִּלּוֹנוּ] כׇּל־עֲדַת בְּנֵי־יִשְׂרָאֵל עַל־מֹשֶׁה וְעַֽל־אַהֲרֹן בַּמִּדְבָּֽר׃
The entire community of the B’nei Yisrael complained against Moshe and Aharon in the desert.
The entire community of the B’nei Yisrael complained against Moshe and Aharon in the desert.
Rashi
וילונו. לפי שכלה הלחם:
They complained. Because their [supply of] bread was finished.
וַיֹּאמְרוּ אֲלֵהֶם בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל מִֽי־יִתֵּן מוּתֵנוּ בְיַד־יְהֹוָה בְּאֶרֶץ מִצְרַיִם בְּשִׁבְתֵּנוּ עַל־סִיר הַבָּשָׂר בְּאׇכְלֵנוּ לֶחֶם לָשֹׂבַע כִּֽי־הוֹצֵאתֶם אֹתָנוּ אֶל־הַמִּדְבָּר הַזֶּה לְהָמִית אֶת־כׇּל־הַקָּהָל הַזֶּה בָּרָעָֽב׃ {ס}
The B’nei Yisrael said to them, “If only we had died by the hand of Adonoy in the land of Egypt, when we sat by pots of meat and ate our fill of bread, for you have brought us out to this desert to cause this entire congregation to die of starvation.”
The B’nei Yisrael said to them, “If only we had died by the hand of Adonoy in the land of Egypt, when we sat by pots of meat and ate our fill of bread, for you have brought us out to this desert to cause this entire congregation to die of starvation.”
Rashi
מי יתן מותנו. שנמות, ואינו שם דבר כמו מותנו (בחולם), אלא כמו עשותנו, חנותנו, שובנו, לעשות אנחנו, לחנות אנחנו, למות אנחנו. ותרגומו לְוַי דְמִיתְנָא, לו מתנו, הלואי והיינו מתים:
If only we had died. [מוּתֵנוּ means:] “that we should die.” It is not a noun as is מִיתָתֵנוּ — “our death” but rather like עֲשֹוֹתֵנוּ, חֲנוֹתֵנוּ, שׁוּבֵנוּ which mean: that we should make, that we should set up camp, that we should die. Onkelos translates it (i.e., מִי יִתֵּן מוּתֵנוּ) לְוַי דְמִיתְנָא as [he translates] לוּ מַתְנוּ [meaning:] “If only that we should die.”
וַיֹּאמֶר יְהֹוָה אֶל־מֹשֶׁה הִנְנִי מַמְטִיר לָכֶם לֶחֶם מִן־הַשָּׁמָיִם וְיָצָא הָעָם וְלָֽקְטוּ דְּבַר־יוֹם בְּיוֹמוֹ לְמַעַן אֲנַסֶּנּוּ הֲיֵלֵךְ בְּתוֹרָתִי אִם־לֹֽא׃
Adonoy said to Moshe, “Behold, I will make bread rain from heaven for you, and the people shall go out and gather enough for each day, that I may test them [to see] if they will walk in [the way of] My teaching or not.
Adonoy said to Moshe, “Behold, I will make bread rain from heaven for you, and the people shall go out and gather enough for each day, that I may test them [to see] if they will walk in [the way of] My teaching or not.
Rashi
דבר יום ביומו. צורך אכילת יום ילקטו ביומו, ולא ילקטו היום לצורך מחר (מכילתא ויסע פ"ב):
Enough for each day. The food requirements for the day they shall gather on that day. They may not gather today for tomorrow’s needs.
למען אנסנו הילך בתורתי. אם ישמרו מצות התלויות בו, שלא יותירו ממנו, ולא יצאו בשבת ללקוט:
That I may test them [to see] If they will walk [in the way of] My teaching. Whether they will keep the mitzvos dealing with it [viz.,] that they not leave any of it [overnight] and that they not go out on Shabbos to gather [it].
וְהָיָה בַּיּוֹם הַשִּׁשִּׁי וְהֵכִינוּ אֵת אֲשֶׁר־יָבִיאוּ וְהָיָה מִשְׁנֶה עַל אֲשֶֽׁר־יִלְקְטוּ יוֹם ׀ יֽוֹם׃
On the sixth day [when] they prepare what they bring [home], it will be twice as much as they gather every [other] day.”
On the sixth day [when] they prepare what they bring [home], it will be twice as much as they gather every [other] day.”
Rashi
והיה משנה. ליום ולמחרת:
It will be twice as much. For today and for tomorrow.
משנה. על שהיו רגילים ללקוט יום יום של שאר ימות השבוע. ואומר אני אשר יביאו והיה משנה, לאחר שיביאו ימצאו משנה במדידה, על אשר ילקטו וימדו יום יום, וזהו לָקְטוּ לֶחֶם מִשְׁנֶה, בלקיטתו היה נמצא לחם משנה, וזהו עַל כֵּן הוּא נֹתֵן לָכֶם בַּיֹּום הַשִּׁשִּׁי לֶחֶם יֹומָיִם, נותן לכם ברכה (פויש"ן) בבית, למלאות העומר פעמים ללחם יומים:
Twice as much. As they usually gathered each day of the rest of the days of the week. I say that אֲשֶׁר יָבִיאוּ וְהָיָה מִשְׁנֶה [should be joined] [and it means:] “After they bring it [home] they will find twice as much upon measuring it over what they had been gathering and measuring every day.” This is the meaning of לָקְטוּ לֶחֶם מִשְׁנֶה: [i.e.,] upon having gathered it it was found to be a double portion of bread. This, too, is the meaning of: “Therefore He gives you on the sixth day bread for two days.” He gives you a blessing (foison in Old French) in the house, to fill the omer twice, so as to have bread for two days.
וַיֹּאמֶר מֹשֶׁה וְאַהֲרֹן אֶֽל־כׇּל־בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל עֶרֶב וִֽידַעְתֶּם כִּי יְהֹוָה הוֹצִיא אֶתְכֶם מֵאֶרֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃
Moshe and Aharon said to all the B’nei Yisrael, “In the evening you will know that [it is] Adonoy [Who] brought you out from the land of Egypt.
Moshe and Aharon said to all the B’nei Yisrael, “In the evening you will know that [it is] Adonoy [Who] brought you out from the land of Egypt.
Rashi
ערב. כמו לערב:
In the evening. [עֶרֶב is] the same as לָעֶרֶב — “in the evening.”
וידעתם כי ה' הוציא אתכם מארץ מצרים. לפי שאמרתם לנו כי הוצאתם אותנו, תדעו כי לא אנחנו המוציאים, אלא ה' הוציא אתכם שיגיז לכם את השליו:
You will know that Adonoy brought you out from the land of Egypt. “Since you said to us: ‘for you have brought us out,’ you shall [now] know that it was not we who brought [you] out but rather Adonoy Who brought you out for He will will make the quails available to you.”
וּבֹקֶר וּרְאִיתֶם אֶת־כְּבוֹד יְהֹוָה בְּשׇׁמְעוֹ אֶת־תְּלֻנֹּתֵיכֶם עַל־יְהֹוָה וְנַחְנוּ מָה כִּי (תלונו) [תַלִּינוּ] עָלֵֽינוּ׃
And in the morning you will see the glory of Adonoy, for He has heard your complaints against Adonoy. But what are we that you cause complaints against us?”
And in the morning you will see the glory of Adonoy, for He has heard your complaints against Adonoy. But what are we that you cause complaints against us?”
Rashi
ובקר וראיתם. לא על הכבוד שנאמר וְהִנֵּה כְּבֹוד ה' נִרְאָה בֶּעָנָן נאמר, אלא כך אמר להם, ערב וידעתם כי היכולת בידו ליתן תאותכם, ובשר יתן, אך לא בפנים מאירות יתננה לכם, כי שלא כהוגן שאלתם אותו, ומכרס מלאה, והלחם ששאלתם לצורך בירידתו, לבקר תראו את כבוד אור פניו, שיורידוהו לכם דרך חבה בבקר, שיש שעות להכינו, וטל מלמעלה וטל מלמטה כמונח בקופסא:
And in the morning you will see. This is not a reference to the glory that is mentioned [in the verse]: “and behold the glory of Adonoy was visible in the cloud.” But this is what he said to them: “In the evening you will know that He has the power in His hand to give you your desires and [though] He will give [you] meat He will not give it to you with a bright countenance for you asked for something improperly, and on a full stomach. But the bread for which you asked out of necessity, when it will descend in the morning you will see the glory of His bright countenance for He will bring it down to you in a loving manner: (a) in the morning, when there is time to prepare it, (b) with dew above it and dew below it as if packed in a box.
תלנותיכם על ה'. כמו אשר על ה':
Your complaints against Adonoy. [עַל ה' is] the same as אֲשֶׁר עַל ה' that are against God.
ונחנו מה. מה אנחנו חשובין:
But what are we. [I.e.,] What is our importance —
כי תלינו עלינו. שתרעימו עלינו את הכל, את בניכם ונשיכם ובנותיכם וערב רב. ועל כרחי אני זקוק לפרש תלינו בלשון תפעילו, מפני דגשותו וקרייתו, שאילו היה רפה, הייתי מפרשו בלשון תפעילו, כמו וַיָּלֶן הָעָם עַל משֶׁה (שמות יז, ג), או אם היה דגוש ואין בו יו"ד ונקרא תלונו, הייתי מפרשו לשון תתלוננו, עכשיו הוא משמע תלינו את אחרים, כמו במרגלים וַיַּלִּינוּ עָלָיו אֶת כָּל הָעֵדָה (במדבר יד, ב):
that you cause complaints against us? That you should set everyone complaining against us — your sons, your wives, your daughters, and the mixture of nationalities. It is with no choice that I am forced to explain the word תַלִּינוּ as meaning “to cause another to do” because of its dagesh and the way it is read. For if it had been the “weak” form (without a dagesh) I would have explained it in the form תִּפְעֲלוּ, as in “(וַיָּלֶן) The nation complained against Moshe.” Or if it had had a dagesh, without a letter י' [after the ל'] and would have been read: תִּלוֹנוּ, I would have explained it in the form of תִּתְלוֹנְנוּ — “you have made yourselves complainers.” But now [in the form of תַלִּינוּ] it has the meaning of: “You have caused others to complain,” as in the case of the spies [where it says]: “They caused to complain against him the entire congregation.”
וַיֹּאמֶר מֹשֶׁה בְּתֵת יְהֹוָה לָכֶם בָּעֶרֶב בָּשָׂר לֶאֱכֹל וְלֶחֶם בַּבֹּקֶר לִשְׂבֹּעַ בִּשְׁמֹעַ יְהֹוָה אֶת־תְּלֻנֹּתֵיכֶם אֲשֶׁר־אַתֶּם מַלִּינִם עָלָיו וְנַחְנוּ מָה לֹא־עָלֵינוּ תְלֻנֹּתֵיכֶם כִּי עַל־יְהֹוָֽה׃
[Then] Moshe said, “When Adonoy gives you meat to eat in the evening, and a filling meal of bread in the morning, Adonoy will have heard your complaints, that you cause complaints against Him. What are we? Your complaints are not against us but against Adonoy.”
[Then] Moshe said, “When Adonoy gives you meat to eat in the evening, and a filling meal of bread in the morning, Adonoy will have heard your complaints, that you cause complaints against Him. What are we? Your complaints are not against us but against Adonoy.”
Rashi
בשר לאכול. ולא לשובע, למדה תורה דרך ארץ שאין אוכלין בשר לשובע. ומה ראה להוריד לחם בבקר ובשר בערב, לפי שהלחם שאלו כהוגן, שאי אפשר לו לאדם בלא לחם, אבל בשר שאלו שלא כהוגן, שהרבה בהמות היו להם, ועוד שהיה אפשר להם בלא בשר, לפיכך נתן להם בשעת טורח שלא כהוגן:
Meat to eat. But not to [your] fill. The Torah, thereby, teaches proper manners — that meat should not be eaten to satiety. Why did He see fit to make the bread fall in the morning, whereas the meat [fell] in the evening? Because for bread they asked properly for it is impossible for man [to live] without bread, but for meat they asked improperly because they had an abundance of cattle. Furthermore, they could get along without meat. He therefore gave it to them at an inconvenient time [which was correspondingly] improper.
אשר אתם מלינים עליו. את האחרים, השומעים אתכם מתלוננים:
That you cause complaints against Him. [I.e., “You cause] others to do so, who hear you complain.”
וַיֹּאמֶר מֹשֶׁה אֶֽל־אַהֲרֹן אֱמֹר אֶֽל־כׇּל־עֲדַת בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל קִרְבוּ לִפְנֵי יְהֹוָה כִּי שָׁמַע אֵת תְּלֻנֹּתֵיכֶֽם׃
Then Moshe said to Aharon, “Say to the entire community of the B’nei Yisrael: Come near before Adonoy, for He has heard your complaints.”
Then Moshe said to Aharon, “Say to the entire community of the B’nei Yisrael: Come near before Adonoy, for He has heard your complaints.”
Rashi
קרבו. למקום שהענן ירד:
Come near [before Adonoy]. To the place where the cloud will descend.
וַיְהִי כְּדַבֵּר אַהֲרֹן אֶל־כׇּל־עֲדַת בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל וַיִּפְנוּ אֶל־הַמִּדְבָּר וְהִנֵּה כְּבוֹד יְהֹוָה נִרְאָה בֶּעָנָֽן׃ {פ}
As Aharon spoke to the entire community of the B’nei Yisrael, they turned toward to the desert, and behold the glory of Adonoy was visible in the cloud.
As Aharon spoke to the entire community of the B’nei Yisrael, they turned toward to the desert, and behold the glory of Adonoy was visible in the cloud.
וַיְדַבֵּר יְהֹוָה אֶל־מֹשֶׁה לֵּאמֹֽר׃
Adonoy spoke to Moshe saying,
Adonoy spoke to Moshe saying,
שָׁמַעְתִּי אֶת־תְּלוּנֹּת בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל דַּבֵּר אֲלֵהֶם לֵאמֹר בֵּין הָֽעַרְבַּיִם תֹּאכְלוּ בָשָׂר וּבַבֹּקֶר תִּשְׂבְּעוּ־לָחֶם וִֽידַעְתֶּם כִּי אֲנִי יְהֹוָה אֱלֹהֵיכֶֽם׃
“I have heard the complaints of the B’nei Yisrael. Speak to them saying, ‘Between evenings [afternoon] you will eat meat, and in the morning you will have your fill of bread, and you will know that I am Adonoy, your God.
“I have heard the complaints of the B’nei Yisrael. Speak to them saying, ‘Between evenings [afternoon] you will eat meat, and in the morning you will have your fill of bread, and you will know that I am Adonoy, your God.
וַיְהִי בָעֶרֶב וַתַּעַל הַשְּׂלָו וַתְּכַס אֶת־הַֽמַּחֲנֶה וּבַבֹּקֶר הָֽיְתָה שִׁכְבַת הַטַּל סָבִיב לַֽמַּחֲנֶֽה׃
It was evening and quails rose up and covered the camp. In the morning there was a layer of dew around the camp.
It was evening and quails rose up and covered the camp. In the morning there was a layer of dew around the camp.
Rashi
השליו. מין עוף, ושמן מאד (יומא עה.:):
Quails. It is a kind of bird and it is very fat.
היתה שכבת הטל. הטל שוכב על המן, ובמקום אחר הוא אומר וּבְרֶדֶת הַטַּל וגו' (במדבר יא, ט), הטל יורד על הארץ, והמן יורד עליו, וחוזר ויורד טל עליו, והרי הוא כמונח בקופסא (יומא עה: — מכילתא ויסע פ"ג):
There was a layer of dew. The dew was lying on the manna. However elsewhere it says: “When the dew descended, etc. [The answer is: first] the dew descended on the earth, [then] the manna descended upon it, then the dew descended upon it and it [the manna] was as if stored in a box.
וַתַּעַל שִׁכְבַת הַטָּל וְהִנֵּה עַל־פְּנֵי הַמִּדְבָּר דַּק מְחֻסְפָּס דַּק כַּכְּפֹר עַל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃
The layer of dew had risen, and behold, on the surface of the desert were thin [uncovered] flakes. It was as fine as frost on the ground.
The layer of dew had risen, and behold, on the surface of the desert were thin [uncovered] flakes. It was as fine as frost on the ground.
Rashi
ותעל שכבת הטל וגו'. כשהחמה זורחת, עולה הטל שעל המן לקראת החמה כדרך טל עולה לקראת החמה, אף אם תמלא שפופרת של ביצה טל, ותסתום את פיה ותניחה בחמה, היא עולה מאליה באויר. ורבותינו דרשו, שהטל עולה מן הארץ באויר, וכעלות שכבת הטל נתגלה המן, וראו והנה על פני המדבר וגו':
The layer of dew had risen, etc. When the sun shines then the dew which is on the manna rises towards the sun as is the way of dew to rise towards the sun. Even were you to fill an eggshell with dew and close up its opening and place it in the sun, it will, on its own, rise into the air. Our Sages explained that the dew [initially] rose from the earth into the air and when the layer of dew rose up, the manna was revealed and they saw: “and behold on the surface of the desert, etc.”
דק. דבר דק:
Thin. [Meaning:] a thin object.
מחוספס. מגולה, ואין דומה לו במקרא, ויש לפרש מחוספס, לשון חפיסה וּדְלוּסְקְמָא שבלשון משנה, כשנתגלה משכבת הטל, ראו שהיה דבר דק מחוספס בתוכו בין שתי שכבות הטל. ואונקלוס תרגם מקלף, לשון מחשוף הלבן:
Thin [uncovered] flakes. [מְחֻסְפָּס means:] “uncovered” and there is none like it (this word) in Scripture. It may be said that מְחֻסְפָּס [comes from the phrase] “(חֲפִיסָה) a box and a chest” which is a term that appears in Mishnah. When it was uncovered from the layer of dew, they saw there had been a thin object enclosed inside it between the two layers of dew. Onkelos translates it: מְקַלַּף (flaked) meaning: “(מַחְשֹף) the peeling of the white.”
ככפור. כפור גליד"א בלע"ז דַּעְדַק כגיר, כאבני גיר, והוא מין צבע שחור, כדאמרינן גבי כסוי הדם, הגיר וְהַזַּרְנִיךְ. דַּעְדַק כְּגִיר כִּגְלִידָא עַל אַרְעָא, דק היה כגיר ושוכב מוגלד כקרח על הארץ, וכן פירושו דק ככפור, שטוח קלוש ומחובר כגליד. דק טינב"ש בלע"ז שהיה מגליד גלד דק מלמעלה, וכגיר שתרגם אונקלוס, תוספת הוא על לשון העברית, ואין לו תיבה בפסוק:
As frost. כְּפוֹר is jelede (frost) in Old French. [Onkelos translates it] דַעֲדַק כְּגִיר, [the word גִר occurring in] כְּאַבְנֵי גִר which is a type of black color as we say regarding the “covering of the blood:” “(הַגִּיר) Black fine earth and orpiment.” [Thus Onkelos translates it:], דַּעְדַּק כְּגִיר כִּגְלִידָא עַל אַרְעָא, meaning: “It was as fine as גִּיר and lay on the ground congealed as ice. And this is the explanation of דַּק כַּכְּפֹר thinly spread yet attached as a frost. דַק in Old French is tenuis (thin), for it was encrusted with a thin crust on top. The word וּכְגִיר which Onkelos uses in his translation is an addition to the Hebrew and it has no corresponding word in the verse.
וַיִּרְאוּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל וַיֹּאמְרוּ אִישׁ אֶל־אָחִיו מָן הוּא כִּי לֹא יָדְעוּ מַה־הוּא וַיֹּאמֶר מֹשֶׁה אֲלֵהֶם הוּא הַלֶּחֶם אֲשֶׁר נָתַן יְהֹוָה לָכֶם לְאׇכְלָֽה׃
The B’nei Yisrael saw it and said to one another, “It is a food,” for they did not know [exactly] what [kind] it was. Moshe said to them, “This is the bread that Adonoy is giving you to eat.
The B’nei Yisrael saw it and said to one another, “It is a food,” for they did not know [exactly] what [kind] it was. Moshe said to them, “This is the bread that Adonoy is giving you to eat.
Rashi
מן הוא. הכנת מזון הוא, כמו וַיְמַן לָהֶם הַמֶּלֶךְ (דניאל א, ה):
It is a food. [מָן הוּא means] “it is something prepared for food,” as in “The king (וַיְמַן) prepared for them.”
כי לא ידעו מה הוא. שיקראוהו בשמו:
For they did not know what it was. So that they could call it by its name.
זֶה הַדָּבָר אֲשֶׁר צִוָּה יְהֹוָה לִקְטוּ מִמֶּנּוּ אִישׁ לְפִי אׇכְלוֹ עֹמֶר לַגֻּלְגֹּלֶת מִסְפַּר נַפְשֹׁתֵיכֶם אִישׁ לַאֲשֶׁר בְּאׇהֳלוֹ תִּקָּֽחוּ׃
This is what Adonoy has commanded: Each man shall gather his requirement of food. An omer per person, according to the number of your people. shall each man take for those in his tent.”
This is what Adonoy has commanded: Each man shall gather his requirement of food. An omer per person, according to the number of your people. shall each man take for those in his tent.”
Rashi
עומר. שם מדה:
An omer. The name of a particular measure.
מספר נפשותיכם. כפי מנין נפשות שיש לאיש באהלו, תקחו עומר לכל גולגולת:
The number of your people. According to the number of people that a person has in his tent, shall they take an omer per head.
וַיַּעֲשׂוּ־כֵן בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל וַֽיִּלְקְטוּ הַמַּרְבֶּה וְהַמַּמְעִֽיט׃
The B’nei Yisrael did so. They gathered it, some more, some less.
The B’nei Yisrael did so. They gathered it, some more, some less.
Rashi
המרבה והממעיט. יש שלקטו הרבה ויש שלקטו מעט, וכשבאו לביתם, ומדדו בעומר איש איש מה שלקטו, ומצאו שהמרבה ללקוט לא העדיף על עומר לגולגולת אשר באהלו, והממעיט ללקוט לא מצא חסר מעומר לגולגולת, וזהו נס גדול שנעשה בו:
Some more, some less. Some gathered much, some gathered little and when they came home each person measured with an omer what he had gathered, and they found that the one who had gathered more did not have more than an omer per person in his tent, and the one who gathered less did not find less than an omer per head, and this was a great miracle that occurred with it.
וַיָּמֹדּוּ בָעֹמֶר וְלֹא הֶעְדִּיף הַמַּרְבֶּה וְהַמַּמְעִיט לֹא הֶחְסִיר אִישׁ לְפִֽי־אׇכְלוֹ לָקָֽטוּ׃
However when they measured it with an omer, the one who had taken more had no extra, and the one who had taken less, was not lacking. They had gathered exactly enough for each one to eat.
However when they measured it with an omer, the one who had taken more had no extra, and the one who had taken less, was not lacking. They had gathered exactly enough for each one to eat.
וַיֹּאמֶר מֹשֶׁה אֲלֵהֶם אִישׁ אַל־יוֹתֵר מִמֶּנּוּ עַד־בֹּֽקֶר׃
Moshe said to them, “Let no man leave any over until morning.”
Moshe said to them, “Let no man leave any over until morning.”
וְלֹא־שָׁמְעוּ אֶל־מֹשֶׁה וַיּוֹתִרוּ אֲנָשִׁים מִמֶּנּוּ עַד־בֹּקֶר וַיָּרֻם תּוֹלָעִים וַיִּבְאַשׁ וַיִּקְצֹף עֲלֵהֶם מֹשֶֽׁה׃
They did not listen to Moshe, and some men left some over until morning. It became wormy and putrid, and Moshe was angry with them.
They did not listen to Moshe, and some men left some over until morning. It became wormy and putrid, and Moshe was angry with them.
Rashi
ויותירו אנשים. דתן ואבירם (שמו"ר כה, י):
Some men left [some] over. [They were] Dosson and Aviram.
וירם תולעים. לשון רמה:
It became wormy. [The word וַיָּרֻם is derived] from רִמָּה — “worm.”
ויבאש. הרי זה מקרא הפוך, שבתחלה הבאיש ולבסוף התליע, כענין שנאמר וְלֹּא הִבְאִישׁ וְרִמָּה לֹא הָיְתָה בֹּו, וכן דרך כל המתליעים:
And putrid. This verse is inverted for it first became putrid and then wormy, as is indicated by what is said: “It did not become putrid and it had no worms,” this is the usual manner for all things that turn wormy.
וַיִּלְקְטוּ אֹתוֹ בַּבֹּקֶר בַּבֹּקֶר אִישׁ כְּפִי אׇכְלוֹ וְחַם הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ וְנָמָֽס׃
They gathered it each morning, each man according to what he would eat. [When] the sun became hot, it melted.
They gathered it each morning, each man according to what he would eat. [When] the sun became hot, it melted.
Rashi
וחם השמש ונמס. הנשאר בשדה נמוח ונעשה נחלים, ושותין ממנו אילים וצבאים, ואומות העולם צדין מהם וטועמים בהם טעם מן (מכילתא ויסע פ"ד), ויודעים מה שבחן של ישראל. ונמס, פשר, לשון פושרים, ע"י השמש מתחמם ומפשיר:
[When] the sun became hot it melted. That which remained in the field melted and turned into running streams and bucks and deer drank from it and the nations of the world captured some of them and through them had a taste of the manna, and thereby knew the praises of Israel. [The word וְנָמָס is translated by Onkelos] פָּשָׁר from the word פּוֹשְׁרִים — lukewarm water — because of the sun it became warm and turned into lukewarm liquid.
ונמס. דישטנ"פריר (צו גיין צו שמעלצען), ודוגמתו בסנהדרין בסוף ד' מיתות (סז:):
Destemprer [in Old French] similar to [what is found] in Sanhedrin at the end of the Chapter “Four deaths.”
וַיְהִי ׀ בַּיּוֹם הַשִּׁשִּׁי לָֽקְטוּ לֶחֶם מִשְׁנֶה שְׁנֵי הָעֹמֶר לָאֶחָד וַיָּבֹאוּ כׇּל־נְשִׂיאֵי הָֽעֵדָה וַיַּגִּידוּ לְמֹשֶֽׁה׃
When the sixth day came, what they had gathered [was a] double [portion of] bread, two omers for each individual. All the leaders of the community came and told Moshe [about it].
When the sixth day came, what they had gathered [was a] double [portion of] bread, two omers for each individual. All the leaders of the community came and told Moshe [about it].
Rashi
לקטו לחם משנה. כשמדדו את לקיטתם באהליהם, מצאו כפלים שני העומר לאחד. ומדרש אגדה, לחם משונה, אותו היום נשתנה לשבח בריחו וטעמו (מכילתא ויסע פ"ב), (שאם להגיד ששנים היו והלא כתיב שני העומר לאחד, אלא משונה בטעם וריח):
[Lit.] They gathered double bread. In their tents they measured what they gathered and they found it to be twice as much — two omers for each one. There is a Midrash Aggadah: [לֶחֶם מִשְׁנֶה meaning:] לֶחֶם מְשׁוּנֶּה — “different bread;” on that day it changed for the better regarding its smell and its taste.
ויגידו למשה. שאלוהו מה היום מיומים, ומכאן יש ללמוד שעדיין לא הגיד להם משה פרשת שבת, שנצטוה לומר להם וְהָיָה בַּיֹּום הַשִּׁשִּׁי וְהֵכִינוּ וגו', עד ששאלו את זאת אמר להם הוא אשר דבר ה' שנצטויתי לומר לכם, ולכך ענשו הכתוב, שאמר לו עַד אָנָה מֵאַנְתֶּם, ולא הוציאו מן הכלל:
And told Moshe about it. They asked him: “What is [different about] today from other days?” From here we may learn that Moshe had yet not told them the section pertaining to Shabbos which he had been commanded to tell them: “On the sixth day [when] they prepare, etc.” Until they asked: “What is this?” He responded to them: “This is what Adonoy has said,” i.e., “that I had been commanded to tell you.” It is for this [oversight] that Scripture (God) punished him, when He said to him (i.e., addressing Moshe) “How long will you refuse [to keep My commands]?” and he (Moshe) was not excluded from the general group.
וַיֹּאמֶר אֲלֵהֶם הוּא אֲשֶׁר דִּבֶּר יְהֹוָה שַׁבָּתוֹן שַׁבַּת־קֹדֶשׁ לַֽיהֹוָה מָחָר אֵת אֲשֶׁר־תֹּאפוּ אֵפוּ וְאֵת אֲשֶֽׁר־תְּבַשְּׁלוּ בַּשֵּׁלוּ וְאֵת כׇּל־הָעֹדֵף הַנִּיחוּ לָכֶם לְמִשְׁמֶרֶת עַד־הַבֹּֽקֶר׃
He said to them, “This is what Adonoy has said: Tomorrow is a [day of] rest, Adonoy’s holy Shabbos. Bake what you want to bake, and cook what you want to cook, and whatever is left over, put aside for yourselves, to preserve it until the morning.”
He said to them, “This is what Adonoy has said: Tomorrow is a [day of] rest, Adonoy’s holy Shabbos. Bake what you want to bake, and cook what you want to cook, and whatever is left over, put aside for yourselves, to preserve it until the morning.”
Rashi
את אשר תאפו אפו. מה שאתם רוצים לאפות בתנור, אֱפוּ היום הכל לשני ימים, ומה שאתם צריכים לבשל ממנו במים, בשלו היום. לשון אפייה נופל בלחם ולשון בישול בתבשיל:
Bake what you want to bake. What you wish to bake [of the two omers] in the oven, bake today everything [you need] for two days, and whatever of it you need to cook in water, cook today. The term אֲפִיָיה — “bake,” applies to bread whereas the term בִּישּׁוּל — “cook,” to a boiled dish.
למשמרת. לגניזה:
To preserve. [I.e.,] for storage.
וַיַּנִּיחוּ אֹתוֹ עַד־הַבֹּקֶר כַּאֲשֶׁר צִוָּה מֹשֶׁה וְלֹא הִבְאִישׁ וְרִמָּה לֹא־הָיְתָה בּֽוֹ׃
They put it aside until morning as Moshe had commanded. It did not turn putrid and there were no worms in it.
They put it aside until morning as Moshe had commanded. It did not turn putrid and there were no worms in it.
וַיֹּאמֶר מֹשֶׁה אִכְלֻהוּ הַיּוֹם כִּֽי־שַׁבָּת הַיּוֹם לַיהֹוָה הַיּוֹם לֹא תִמְצָאֻהוּ בַּשָּׂדֶֽה׃
Moshe said, “Eat it today, for today is Shabbos to Adonoy. Today you will not find it [manna] in the field.
Moshe said, “Eat it today, for today is Shabbos to Adonoy. Today you will not find it [manna] in the field.
Rashi
ויאמר משה אכלהו היום וגו'. שחרית שהיו רגילין לצאת וללקוט, באו לשאול אם נצא אם לאו, אמר להם את שבידכם אכלו. לערב חזרו לפניו ושאלוהו מהו לצאת, אמר להם שבת היום, ראה אותם דואגים שמא פסק המן ולא ירד עוד, אמר להם היום לא תמצאוהו, מה תלמוד לומר היום, היום לא תמצאוהו אבל מחר תמצאוהו (מכילתא ויסע פ"ד):
Moshe said, “eat it today”, etc. In the morning, when they were accustomed to go out and gather the manna, they came to ask, “Shall we go out or not?” He responded to them: [אִכְלֻהוּ הַיּוֹם] [I.e.,] “That which is in your possession, eat.” In the evening they again came before him and asked him, “What about going out [now]? He answered them, “It is Shabbos today!” He then saw them worrrying lest the manna ceased, and will descend no more. He then said to them, “Today you will not find it.” Why the stress on the word “today”? “Today you will not find it, but tomorrow you will find it.”
שֵׁשֶׁת יָמִים תִּלְקְטֻהוּ וּבַיּוֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִי שַׁבָּת לֹא יִֽהְיֶה־בּֽוֹ׃
Six days you shall gather it, but the seventh day is Shabbos, there will be none on [that day].”
Six days you shall gather it, but the seventh day is Shabbos, there will be none on [that day].”
Rashi
וביום השביעי שבת. שבת הוא, המן לא יהיה בו. ולא בא הכתוב אלא לרבות יום הכפורים וימים טובים (מכילתא שם):
But the seventh day is Shabbos. [Meaning:] “It is Shabbos; there will be no manna on it.” This verse comes only to add Yom Kippur and holidays.
וַֽיְהִי בַּיּוֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִי יָצְאוּ מִן־הָעָם לִלְקֹט וְלֹא מָצָֽאוּ׃ {ס}
When the seventh day came some of the people went out to gather, but they found none.
When the seventh day came some of the people went out to gather, but they found none.
וַיֹּאמֶר יְהֹוָה אֶל־מֹשֶׁה עַד־אָנָה מֵֽאַנְתֶּם לִשְׁמֹר מִצְוֺתַי וְתוֹרֹתָֽי׃
Adonoy said to Moshe, “How long will you refuse to keep My commandments and My teachings.”
Adonoy said to Moshe, “How long will you refuse to keep My commandments and My teachings.”
Rashi
עד אנה מאנתם. משל הדיוט הוא, בַּהֲדֵי הוּצָא לָקֵי כַּרְבָּא (ב"ק צב.), ע"י הרשעים מתגנין הכשרין:
How long will you refuse. There is a proverb among common people: “The cabbage is stricken with the weeds.” Through the wicked, the righteous are disgraced.
רְאוּ כִּֽי־יְהֹוָה נָתַן לָכֶם הַשַּׁבָּת עַל־כֵּן הוּא נֹתֵן לָכֶם בַּיּוֹם הַשִּׁשִּׁי לֶחֶם יוֹמָיִם שְׁבוּ ׀ אִישׁ תַּחְתָּיו אַל־יֵצֵא אִישׁ מִמְּקֹמוֹ בַּיּוֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִֽי׃
See, because Adonoy gave you the Shabbos, therefore He gave you on the sixth day bread for two days. Every man must remain in his place. No man may go out of his place on the seventh day.
See, because Adonoy gave you the Shabbos, therefore He gave you on the sixth day bread for two days. Every man must remain in his place. No man may go out of his place on the seventh day.
Rashi
ראו. בעיניכם כי ה' בכבודו מזהיר אתכם על השבת, שהרי נס נעשה בכל ערב שבת, לתת לכם לחם יומים:
See. With your own eyes that God Himself warns you regarding the Shabbos, for a miracle occurs every Shabbos eve when He gives you bread for two days.
שבו איש תחתיו. מכאן סמכו חכמים ד' אמות ליוצא חוץ לתחום, ג' לגופו, וא' לפישוט ידים ורגלים:
Every man must remain in his place. From here the Sages found an allusion [to the law] that there are four amos [designated] for someone who has gone out of the [Shabbos] limit: three for his body and one more to stretch his arms and legs.
אל יצא איש ממקומו. אלו אלפים אמה של תחום שבת, ולא במפורש, שאין תחומין אלא מדברי סופרים, ועיקרו של מקרא על לוקטי המן נאמר:
[No man] may go out, etc. [An allusion to] the 2,000 amos of the Shabbos-limit. But this is not explicit [in the verse] for [the laws of] Shabbos-limits are only Rabbinic prohibitions. The main thrust of the verse was said regarding the manna gatherers.
וַיִּשְׁבְּתוּ הָעָם בַּיּוֹם הַשְּׁבִעִֽי׃
The people rested on the seventh day.
The people rested on the seventh day.
וַיִּקְרְאוּ בֵֽית־יִשְׂרָאֵל אֶת־שְׁמוֹ מָן וְהוּא כְּזֶרַע גַּד לָבָן וְטַעְמוֹ כְּצַפִּיחִת בִּדְבָֽשׁ׃
The House of Yisrael named it [the food] man[na]. It was like white coriander seed, and it tasted like wafers in honey.
The House of Yisrael named it [the food] man[na]. It was like white coriander seed, and it tasted like wafers in honey.
Rashi
והוא כזרע גד לבן. עשב ששמו קוליינד"רי (קאריאדער) וזרע שלו עגול ואינו לבן, והמן היה לבן, ואינו נמשל לזרע גד אלא לענין העגול כזרע גד היה, והוא לבן:
It was like white coriander seed. A kind of herb called aliendre [in Old French] whose seed is round but not white, Whereas the manna was white. It is compared to the coriander seed only in so far its roundness is concerned. [Thus the verse is to be understood:] “It was like a coriander seed but it (the manna) is white.”
כצפיחת. בצק שמטגנין אותו בדבש, וקורין לו אַסְקְרִיטוּן בלשון משנה, והוא תרגום של אונקלוס:
Like wafers. Dough which is fried in honey, and is called אִסְקְרִיטִין in the language of the Mishnah. This (אִסְקְרִיטִין) is Onkelos’ translation.
וַיֹּאמֶר מֹשֶׁה זֶה הַדָּבָר אֲשֶׁר צִוָּה יְהֹוָה מְלֹא הָעֹמֶר מִמֶּנּוּ לְמִשְׁמֶרֶת לְדֹרֹתֵיכֶם לְמַעַן ׀ יִרְאוּ אֶת־הַלֶּחֶם אֲשֶׁר הֶאֱכַלְתִּי אֶתְכֶם בַּמִּדְבָּר בְּהוֹצִיאִי אֶתְכֶם מֵאֶרֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃
Moshe said, “This is what Adonoy has commanded: Fill an omer [measure] with it to preserve it for your generations. That they may see the bread with which I fed you in the desert when I brought you out of the land of Egypt.”
Moshe said, “This is what Adonoy has commanded: Fill an omer [measure] with it to preserve it for your generations. That they may see the bread with which I fed you in the desert when I brought you out of the land of Egypt.”
Rashi
למשמרת. לגניזה:
To preserve. For storage.
לדורותיכם. בימי ירמיהו. כשהיה ירמיהו מוכיחם למה אין אתם עוסקים בתורה, והם אומרים נניח מלאכתנו ונעסוק בתורה מהיכן נתפרנס, הוציא להם צנצנת המן, אמר להם אַתֶּם רְאוּ דְבַר ה' (ירמיהו ב, לא), שמעו לא נאמר, אלא ראו, בזה נתפרנסו אבותיכם, הרבה שלוחין יש לו למקום להכין מזון ליראיו:
For your generations. In the days of Yirmiyahu: When Yirmiyahu would admonish them: “Why are you not involved in the study of Torah?” they would respond: “Shall we abandon our work and study the Torah?! From where will we support ourselves?” He would take out the jar of manna and say to them: “This generation! See this thing of God!” It does not say: “Hear!” but rather: “See! With this your forefathers were supported. God has many messengers to prepare sustenance for those who fear Him.”
וַיֹּאמֶר מֹשֶׁה אֶֽל־אַהֲרֹן קַח צִנְצֶנֶת אַחַת וְתֶן־שָׁמָּה מְלֹֽא־הָעֹמֶר מָן וְהַנַּח אֹתוֹ לִפְנֵי יְהֹוָה לְמִשְׁמֶרֶת לְדֹרֹתֵיכֶֽם׃
Moshe said to Aharon, “Take a jar and put an omer full of manna in it, and place it before Adonoy to be preserved for your generations.”
Moshe said to Aharon, “Take a jar and put an omer full of manna in it, and place it before Adonoy to be preserved for your generations.”
Rashi
צנצנת. צלוחית של חרס כתרגומו:
A jar. A flask made of earthenware, as Onkelos translates it (צְלוֹחִית).
והנח אותו לפני ד'. לפני הארון, ולא נאמר מקרא זה עד שנבנה אהל מועד, אלא שנכתב כאן בפרשת המן:
Place it before Adonoy. In front of the Ark This verse was not said until the “meeting-tent” was built but it was written here in the section dealing with the manna.
כַּאֲשֶׁר צִוָּה יְהֹוָה אֶל־מֹשֶׁה וַיַּנִּיחֵהוּ אַהֲרֹן לִפְנֵי הָעֵדֻת לְמִשְׁמָֽרֶת׃
As Adonoy commanded Moshe, Aharon placed it before the Testimony for preservation.
As Adonoy commanded Moshe, Aharon placed it before the Testimony for preservation.
וּבְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל אָֽכְלוּ אֶת־הַמָּן אַרְבָּעִים שָׁנָה עַד־בֹּאָם אֶל־אֶרֶץ נוֹשָׁבֶת אֶת־הַמָּן אָֽכְלוּ עַד־בֹּאָם אֶל־קְצֵה אֶרֶץ כְּנָֽעַן׃
The B’nei Yisrael ate the manna for forty years, until they came to an inhabited land. They ate the manna until they came to the edge of the land of Canaan.
The B’nei Yisrael ate the manna for forty years, until they came to an inhabited land. They ate the manna until they came to the edge of the land of Canaan.
Rashi
ארבעים שנה. והלא חסר ל' יום, שהרי בט"ו באייר ירד להם המן תחלה, ובט"ו בניסן פסק, שנאמר וַיִּשְׁבֹּות הַמָּן מִמָּחֳרָת (יהושע ה, יב), אלא מגיד שהעוגות שהוציאו ישראל ממצרים טעמו בהם טעם מן:
Forty years. But were they not thirty days short [of 40 years]! For on the fifteenth day of Iyar the manna descended for the the first time and on the fifteenth of Nissan it ceased, as it is said: “And the manna ceased the next day.” But [the answer is:] this indicates that in the cakes that B’nei Yisrael brought out of Egypt they tasted a manna taste.
אל ארץ נושבת. לאחר שעברו את הירדן (קידושין לח.). (ס"א, שאותה שבעבר הירדן מיושבת וטובה, שנאמר אֶעְבְּרָה נָּא וְאֶרְאֶה אֶת הָאָרֶץ הַטֹּובָה אֲשֶׁר בְּעֵבֶר הַיַרְדְּן (דברים ג, כה), ותרגום של נושבת יָתְבָתָא, ר"ל מיושבת. רש"י ישן):
To an inhabited land. [Until] after they crossed the Jordan. (Another version of Rashi: for that [land] which is across the Jordan is inhabited and good, As it is said: [Moshe said:] “Please, let me cross and see the good land which is on the other side of the Jordan.” Onkelos translates נוֹשָבֶת as יָתְבָתָא, he means: settled. From an old Rashi manuscript)
אל קצה ארץ כנען. בתחלת הגבול, קודם שעברו את הירדן והוא ערבות מואב, נמצאו מכחישין זה את זה, אלא בערבות מואב כשמת משה בז' באדר פסק המן מלירד, ונסתפקו ממן שלקטו בו ביום, עד שהקריבו העומר בששה עשר בניסן, שנאמר וַיֹאכְלוּ מֵעֲבוּר הָאָרֶץ מִמָּחֳרַת הַפֶּסַח (יהושע ה, יא):
To the edge of the land of Canaan. At the beginning of the border, before [actually] crossing the Jordan. This refers to Arvos Moav. Consequently they contradict each other. But [the answer is:] When Moshe died in Arvos Moav on the seventh of Adar, the manna ceased and they had sufficient manna from what they gathered on that day until they brought the [korbon] Omer on the sixteenth of Nissan, as it is said: “They ate from the produce of the land on the day following the [first day of] Pesach.”
וְהָעֹמֶר עֲשִׂרִית הָאֵיפָה הֽוּא׃ {פ}
The omer is a tenth of an eiphoh.
The omer is a tenth of an eiphoh.
Rashi
עשירית האיפה. האיפה שלש סאין, והסאה ו' קבין, והקב ד' לוגין, והלוג ששה ביצים, נמצא עשירית האיפה מ"ג ביצים וחומש ביצה, והוא שיעור לחלה ולמנחות:
A tenth of an eiphah. The eiphah equals three Se’ahs; a se’ah is 6 kabin (3×6=18); a kab is 4 logs (18×4=72); a log is equivalent to 6 eggs (72×6=432). Consequently 1/10 of an eiphah (432/10) is equal to 43 1/5 (43.2) eggs. This is the minimum amount [of dough] that requires the separation of “challah” and for the meal offerings.
Where next
Keep reading
- Chapter 15
- Chapter 17
- Beshalach Parsha
בחמשה עשר יום. נתפרש היום של חנייה זו, לפי שבו ביום כלתה החררה שהוציאו ממצרים והוצרכו למן, למדנו, שאכלו משירי הבצק (או משירי המצה) ששים ואחת סעודות, וירד להם מן בט"ז באייר, ויום א' בשבת היה, כדאיתא במסכת שבת (פז:):
The fifteenth day. The date of this encampment is specifically mentioned because on that day they finished the[ir supply of] cake which they took out of Egypt. and [now] they needed the manna. We learn from this that from the remains of the dough they ate sixty one meals [through the 15th of Iyar] and the manna descended for them on the sixteenth day of Iyar, which was on the first day of the week as is cited in Maseches Shabbos.