Reading: Hebrew · Simple EnglishHebrew · Faithful translationHebrew onlyHebrew · Simple EnglishHebrew · Faithful translationHebrew onlySimple English onlyFaithful translation onlySide by sideRashi

20:2

אָֽנֹכִי יְהֹוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ אֲשֶׁר הוֹצֵאתִיךָ מֵאֶרֶץ מִצְרַיִם מִבֵּית עֲבָדִ͏ֽים׃

I am Adonoy, your God, Who brought you out of the land of Egypt, from the house of slaves.

I am Adonoy, your God, Who brought you out of the land of Egypt, from the house of slaves.

Rashi

אשר הוצאתיך מארץ מצרים. כדאי היא ההוצאה, שתהיו משועבדים לי. דבר אחר, לפי שנגלה בים כגבור מלחמה ונגלה כאן כזקן מלא רחמים, שנאמר וְתַחַת רַגְלָיו כְּמַעֲשֵׂה לִבְנַת הַסַּפִּיר (שמות כד, י), זו היתה לפניו בשעת השעבוד, וכעצם השמים משנגאלו, הואיל ואני משתנה במראות, אל תאמרו שתי רשויות הן (מכילתא פ"ה), אנכי הוא אשר הוצאתיך ממצרים ועל הים. דבר אחר, לפי שהיו שומעין קולות הרבה, שנאמר את הקולות, קולות באין מד' רוחות ומן השמים ומן הארץ, אל תאמרו רשויות הרבה הן. ולמה אמר לשון יחיד אלהיך, ליתן פתחון פה למשה ללמד סניגוריא במעשה העגל, וזה הוא שאמר לָמָה ה' יֶחֱרֶה אַפְּךָ בְּעַמֶּךָ (שמות לב, יא), לא להם צוית לא יהיה לכם אלהים אחרים, אלא לי לבדי:

Who brought you out of the land of Egypt. “The act of bringing you out is sufficient to make you subservient to Me.” An alternate explanation: Since He revealed Himself at the [Reed] Sea as One Who is powerful at war and revealed Himself here as an elderly being, full of compassion, as it is said: “They saw [a vision] of the God of Israel and under His feet [there was something] like a brickwork of sapphire.” This was [the situation] before Him at the time of the enslavement [in Egypt]. “[It was] like the essence of the heavens”... once they were redeemed. [Therefore] “Since I change appearances do not think that there are two dominions” [and therefore God says:] “I am the [same] One Who has brought you out of the Land of Egypt and [Who was with you] at the [Reed] Sea.” An alternate explanation: Because they had heard many sounds, as it is said: “[The people saw] the sounds;” sounds coming from all four directions as well as from the heavens and the earth, do not therefore say that there are many dominions. Why is this section written in the singular: “אֱלֹקֶיךָ” — “your (speaking to one individual) God”? This was to give an opening for Moshe to present a defense for the act of the Golden Calf. This is what is meant when he said: “Why, God, should You be angry at Your nation?” [Meaning:] “It was not to them that You issued the command: You (plural) shall have no other gods but only to me.”

מבית עבדים. מבית פרעה שהייתם עבדים לו, או אינו אומר אלא מבית עבדים שהיו עבדים לעבדים, תלמוד לומר ויפדך מבית עבדים מיד פרעה מלך מצרים, אמור מעתה, עבדים למלך היו, ולא עבדים לעבדים:

From the house of slaves. [Meaning:] from the house of Pharaoh to whom you were slaves. Or maybe it means simply “from the house of slaves,” [implying] that they were the slaves of slaves. The Torah therefore states: “He redeemed you from the house of slaves, from the hand of Pharaoh, king of Egypt.” You must therefore conclude that they were slaves of the king and not the slaves of slaves.

20:3

לֹֽא־יִהְיֶ͏ֽה־לְךָ אֱלֹהִים אֲחֵרִים עַל־פָּנָֽ͏ַי׃

You must not have any other gods before My Presence.

You must not have any other gods before My Presence.

Rashi

לא יהיה לך. למה נאמר, לפי שנאמר לא תעשה לך, אין לי אלא שלא יעשה, העשוי כבר מנין שלא יקיים, תלמוד לומר לא יהיה לך (מכילתא פ"ו):

You must not have. Why is this said? Since it states: “Do not make for yourself,” I would know only that it is not permitted to make [an idol]. Once it has been made, how would we know that one may not keep it in his possession? The Torah therefore says: “You must not have.”

אלהים אחרים. שאינן אלהות, אלא אחרים עשאום אלהים עליהם (מכילתא שם). ולא יתכן לפרש אלהים אחרים זולתי, שגנאי הוא כלפי מעלה לקרותם אלהות אצלו. דבר אחר אלהים אחרים, שהם אחרים לעובדיהם, צועקים אליהם ואינן עונים אותם, ודומה כאילו הוא אחר שאינו מכירו מעולם:

Other gods — which are not actually gods but others made them into gods over themselves. It would be incorrect to explain as אֱלֹהִים אֲחֵרִים as “gods other than Myself” for it would be disrespectful towards the One Most High to call them gods in relation to Him. An alternate explanation of אֱלֹהִים אֲחֵרִים: that they are אֲחֵרִים (strangers) to those who worship them; they [their worshippers] cry out to them but they [the idols] do not respond to them and it seems as if it is a stranger who has never known him at all.

על פני. כל זמן שאני קיים, שלא תאמר לא נצטוו על עבודת אלילים אלא אותו הדור (מכילתא שם):

Before My Presence. [Meaning:] “as long as I exist” (i.e., forever). [It was necessary to state this] so that you should not claim that only that generation was prohibited from idol-worship.

20:4

לֹֽא־תַעֲשֶֽׂה־לְךָ פֶסֶל ׀ וְכׇל־תְּמוּנָה אֲשֶׁר בַּשָּׁמַיִם ׀ מִמַּעַל וַֽאֲשֶׁר בָּאָרֶץ מִתָּ͏ַחַת וַאֲשֶׁר בַּמַּיִם ׀ מִתַּחַת לָאָֽרֶץ׃

You must not make for yourself any carved image, or picture of anything that is in the heaven above, or on the earth below, or in the water below the earth.

You must not make for yourself any carved image, or picture of anything that is in the heaven above, or on the earth below, or in the water below the earth.

Rashi

פסל. על שם שנפסל:

Carved image. [Called פֶּסֶל] because it is נִפְסָל (carved).

וכל תמונה. תמונת כל דבר אשר בשמים:

Or [any] picture. A picture of any thing in the heavens.

20:5

לֹֽא־תִשְׁתַּחֲוֶה לָהֶם וְלֹא תׇעׇבְדֵם כִּי אָֽנֹכִי יְהֹוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ אֵל קַנָּא פֹּקֵד עֲוֺן אָבֹת עַל־בָּנִים עַל־שִׁלֵּשִׁים וְעַל־רִבֵּעִים לְשֹׂנְאָֽי׃

You must not prostrate yourself to them, and you must not worship them. For I, Adonoy your God, am a jealous Almighty. I am cognizant of the sins of fathers for [their] children, to the third and fourth [generations] of My enemies.

You must not prostrate yourself to them, and you must not worship them. For I, Adonoy your God, am a jealous Almighty. I am cognizant of the sins of fathers for [their] children, to the third and fourth [generations] of My enemies.

Rashi

אל קנא. מקנא להפרע, ואינו עובר על מדתו למחול על עון עבודת אלילים. כל לשון קנא אנפרי"מנט בלע"ז (אייפערנד) נותן לב ליפרע:

A jealous Almighty. He is jealous to exact punishment and does not act leniently by forgiving the sin of idolatry. Wherever the term קַנָּא [appears] it is enprenment in Old French — “jealousy,” [meaning] He directs His attention to exact punishment.

לשנאי. כתרגומו, כשאוחזין מעשה אבותיהם בידיהם (סנהדרין כז:):

Of My enemies. As Onkelos explains it — when they (the children) retain in their hands the deeds of their fathers.

20:6

וְעֹשֶׂה חֶסֶד לַאֲלָפִים לְאֹהֲבַי וּלְשֹׁמְרֵי מִצְוֺתָֽי׃ {ס}        

But I do [acts of] loving kindness for thousands [of generations] to those who love Me and preserve My commandments.

But I do [acts of] loving kindness for thousands [of generations] to those who love Me and preserve My commandments.

Rashi

נוֹצֵר חֶסֶד. שֶׁאָדָם עוֹשֶׂה, לְשַׁלֵּם שָׂכָר עַד לְאַלְפַּיִם דּוֹר, נִמְצֵאת מִדָּה טוֹבָה יְתֵרָה עַל מִדַּת פֻּרְעָנִיּוֹת אַחַת עַל חָמֵשׁ מֵאוֹת, שֶׁזּוֹ לְאַרְבָּעָה דּוֹרוֹת, וְזוֹ לַאֲלָפִים (תוספתא סוטה ד, א):

Who stores the loving-kindness — that a person does, in order to reward him, for two thousand generations. Consequently [God’s] measure for reward is greater than His measure for punishment by five hundred times, because one is for four generations and the other for two thousand [generations].

Texts

  • Hebrew: Miqra according to the Masorah · License: CC-BY-SA
  • English: Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009 · License: CC-BY
  • Hebrew: Rashi Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009 · License: CC-BY
  • English: Rashi Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009 · License: CC-BY

Where next