Tanach
Shemot 31:12-17 שמות ל״א:י״ב-י״ז
Part of: Ki TisaKi Tisa, Aliyah 1Chapter 31
Reading: Hebrew · Simple EnglishHebrew · Faithful translationHebrew onlyHebrew · Simple EnglishHebrew · Faithful translationHebrew onlySimple English onlyFaithful translation onlySide by sideRashi
וַיֹּאמֶר יְהֹוָה אֶל־מֹשֶׁה לֵּאמֹֽר׃
Adonoy said to Moshe, saying,
Adonoy said to Moshe, saying,
וְאַתָּה דַּבֵּר אֶל־בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל לֵאמֹר אַךְ אֶת־שַׁבְּתֹתַי תִּשְׁמֹרוּ כִּי אוֹת הִוא בֵּינִי וּבֵֽינֵיכֶם לְדֹרֹתֵיכֶם לָדַעַת כִּי אֲנִי יְהֹוָה מְקַדִּשְׁכֶֽם׃
And you speak to the B’nei Yisrael, saying, You must still preserve My Shabbos, for it is a sign between Me and yourselves for your generations to know that I Adonoy am making you holy.
And you speak to the B’nei Yisrael, saying, You must still preserve My Shabbos, for it is a sign between Me and yourselves for your generations to know that I Adonoy am making you holy.
Rashi
אך את שבתותי תשמורו. אף על פי שתהיו רדופין וזריזין בזריזות המלאכה, שבת אל תדחה מפניה. כל אכין ורקין מעוטין, למעט שבת ממלאכת המשכן:
You must still preserve My Shabbos. Though you may be preoccupied in the rush of the work [of the mishkon], nevertheless Shabbos should not be set aside on account of it. [This is indicated by the fact that] every time the אַךְ or רַק appear [they convey the idea of] limiting or excluding. [Here אַךְ appears so as] to exclude Shabbos from any work of the mishkon.
כי אות היא ביני וביניכם. אות גדולה היא בינינו שבחרתי בכם, בהנחילי לכם את יום מנוחתי למנוחה:
For it is a sign between Me and yourselves. It is a sign of the esteem between us that I have chosen you, [as is indicated] by My giving to you as a legacy My day of rest, for rest.
לדעת. האומות בה, כי אני ה' מקדשכם:
To know. [So that] the nations [know] through it “that I, God, make you holy.”
וּשְׁמַרְתֶּם אֶת־הַשַּׁבָּת כִּי קֹדֶשׁ הִוא לָכֶם מְחַֽלְלֶיהָ מוֹת יוּמָת כִּי כׇּל־הָעֹשֶׂה בָהּ מְלָאכָה וְנִכְרְתָה הַנֶּפֶשׁ הַהִוא מִקֶּרֶב עַמֶּֽיהָ׃
You shall [therefore] preserve the Shabbos for it is sacred to you. Anyone who profanes it shall be put to death, for whoever does work on it [Shabbos] shall be cut off [spiritually] from the midst of his people.
You shall [therefore] preserve the Shabbos for it is sacred to you. Anyone who profanes it shall be put to death, for whoever does work on it [Shabbos] shall be cut off [spiritually] from the midst of his people.
Rashi
מות יומת. אם יש עדים והתראה:
Shall be put to death — provided there are witnesses and a warning.
ונכרתה. בלא התראה:
Shall be cut off [shall suffer the punishment of kares] — if there was no warning.
מחלליה. הנוהג בה חול בקדושתה:
Anyone who profanes it. [I.e.,] one who treats it in a profane matter despite its holiness.
שֵׁשֶׁת יָמִים יֵעָשֶׂה מְלָאכָה וּבַיּוֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִי שַׁבַּת שַׁבָּתוֹן קֹדֶשׁ לַיהֹוָה כׇּל־הָעֹשֶׂה מְלָאכָה בְּיוֹם הַשַּׁבָּת מוֹת יוּמָֽת׃
You may do work on [the] six days [of the week] but the seventh day is a Shabbos of complete rest, it is sacred to Adonoy. Whoever does work on the day of Shabbos shall be put to death.
You may do work on [the] six days [of the week] but the seventh day is a Shabbos of complete rest, it is sacred to Adonoy. Whoever does work on the day of Shabbos shall be put to death.
Rashi
שבת שבתון. מנוחת מרגוע ולא מנוחת עראי: (שבת שבתון. לכך כפלו הכתוב, לומר שאסור בכל מלאכה, אפילו אוכל נפש, וכן יום הכפורים שנאמר בו שַׁבַּת שַׁבָּתֹון הוּא לָכֶם (ויקרא כג, לב), אסור בכל מלאכה, אבל יום טוב לא נאמר בו כי אם בַּיֹּום הָרִאשֹׁון שַׁבָּתֹון וּבַיֹּום הַשְׁמִינִי שַׁבָּתֹון (שם, לט), אסורים בכל מלאכת עבודה, ומותרים במלאכת אוכל נפש:)
A Shabbos of complete rest. [Means:] a restful rest and not a haphazard rest. (שַׁבַּת שַׁבָּתוֹן . The reason the verse doubles the word שַׁבָּת is to tell you that all “work” is prohibited, even that which is for preparation of food. So, too, regarding Yom Kippur, where it states: “It is for you שַׁבַּת שַׁבָּתוֹן,” all “work” is prohibited. Whereas regarding Yom Tov, it states only: “On the first day it shall be שַׁבָּתוֹן and on the eighth day it shall be שַׁבָּתוֹן they (i.e., these days) are prohibited from all “work” of toil but are permitted in work that is for the preparation of food.)
קדש לה'. שמירת קדושתה לשמי ובמצותי:
It is sacred to Adonoy. The observance of its sacredness shall be for My Name and to obey My commandments.
וְשָׁמְרוּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל אֶת־הַשַּׁבָּת לַעֲשׂוֹת אֶת־הַשַּׁבָּת לְדֹרֹתָם בְּרִית עוֹלָֽם׃
The B’nei Yisrael shall preserve the Shabbos, to maintain the Shabbos for their generations, as an everlasting covenant.
The B’nei Yisrael shall preserve the Shabbos, to maintain the Shabbos for their generations, as an everlasting covenant.
בֵּינִי וּבֵין בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל אוֹת הִוא לְעֹלָם כִּי־שֵׁשֶׁת יָמִים עָשָׂה יְהֹוָה אֶת־הַשָּׁמַיִם וְאֶת־הָאָרֶץ וּבַיּוֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִי שָׁבַת וַיִּנָּפַֽשׁ׃ {ס}
Between Me and between the B’nei Yisrael it is an everlasting sign; for in six days Adonoy made the heavens and the earth, and on the seventh day, He abstained from work and He rested.”
Between Me and between the B’nei Yisrael it is an everlasting sign; for in six days Adonoy made the heavens and the earth, and on the seventh day, He abstained from work and He rested.”
Rashi
וינפש. כתרגומו וְנַח, וכל לשון נופש הוא לשון נפש, שמשיב נפשו ונשימתו בהרגיעו מטורח המלאכה, ומי שכתוב בו לֹא יִיעַף וְלֹא יִיגָע (ישעיה מ, כח), וכל פעלו במאמר הכתיב מנוחה לעצמו, לְשַׂבֵּר האוזן מה שהיא יכולה לשמוע:
And He rested. As Onkelos translates it: וְנָח — “and He rested.” All forms of נוֹפֶשׁ are from נֶפֶשׁ — “soul,” i.e., he retrieves his soul and breath by his resting from the toil of his work. Now He, about Whom it is written: “He does not become faint, nor weary,” and all His “work” is accomplished merely by command, attributes “rest” to Himself only to accustom the ear to what it can possibly hear.
ואתה דבר אל בני ישראל. ואתה, אף על פי שהפקדתיך לצוותם על מלאכת המשכן, אל יקל בעיניך לדחות את השבת מפני אותה מלאכה:
And you, speak to the B’nei Yisrael. “And you, though I have charged you to command them concerning the work of the mishkon, let it not be an easy matter for you to set the Shabbos aside on account of that work.”