Tanach
Shemot 30:22-33 שמות ל׳:כ״ב-ל״ג
Part of: Ki TisaKi Tisa, Aliyah 1Chapter 30
Reading: Hebrew · Simple EnglishHebrew · Faithful translationHebrew onlyHebrew · Simple EnglishHebrew · Faithful translationHebrew onlySimple English onlyFaithful translation onlySide by sideRashi
וַיְדַבֵּר יְהֹוָה אֶל־מֹשֶׁה לֵּאמֹֽר׃
Adonoy spoke to Moshe saying.
Adonoy spoke to Moshe saying.
וְאַתָּה קַח־לְךָ בְּשָׂמִים רֹאשׁ מׇר־דְּרוֹר חֲמֵשׁ מֵאוֹת וְקִנְּמׇן־בֶּשֶׂם מַחֲצִיתוֹ חֲמִשִּׁים וּמָאתָיִם וּקְנֵה־בֹשֶׂם חֲמִשִּׁים וּמָאתָֽיִם׃
“You shall take the finest spices, five hundred [shekels] of pure myrrh, half portions of fragrant cinnamon, [consisting of] two hundred and fifty [shekels] each, and two hundred and fifty [shekels] of calamus spices.
“You shall take the finest spices, five hundred [shekels] of pure myrrh, half portions of fragrant cinnamon, [consisting of] two hundred and fifty [shekels] each, and two hundred and fifty [shekels] of calamus spices.
Rashi
וקנמן בשם. לפי שהקנמון קליפת עץ הוא, יש שהוא טוב ויש בו ריח טוב וטעם, ויש שאינו אלא כעץ, לכך הוצרך לומר קנמן בשם, מן הטוב:
Fragrant cinnamon. Since cinnamon is the bark of a tree, there are some that are good and have a good fragrance and flavor, and there are some that are merely like wood, it was therefore necessary to say: קִנְּמָן בֶּשֶׂם — i.e., of the fragrant one.
מחציתו חמשים ומאתים. מחצית הבאתו תהא חמשים ומאתים, נמצא כלו חמש מאות, כמו שיעור מר דרור, אם כן למה נאמר בו חצאין, גזרת הכתוב היא להביאו לחצאין, להרבות בו ב' הכרעות, שאין שוקלין עין בעין, וכך שנויה בכריתות (ה.):
Half a portion being two hundred fifty. I.e., half of what is brought shall be two hundred fifty. Consequently the total was five hundred, equal to the amount of pure myrrh. If that is the case, why is it expressed in terms of halves? It is a scriptural decree that it be brought as two halves so that it be increased by two tippings of the scale for things cannot be weighed to their absolute exactness. So this is taught in Tractate Kerisos.
וקנה בושם. קנה של בשם, לפי שיש קנים שאינן של בשם, הוצרך לומר בשם:
Calamus spices. [Meaning:] cane containing spices. Because there are canes that contain no spices it was necessary to say: בֹּשֶׂם — “containing spices.”
חמשים ומאתים. סך משקל כולו:
Two hundred fifty — the amount of the total weight.
וְקִדָּה חֲמֵשׁ מֵאוֹת בְּשֶׁקֶל הַקֹּדֶשׁ וְשֶׁמֶן זַיִת הִֽין׃
[Also take] five hundred [shekels] of cassia based on the shekel value of the Holy [Sanctuary], and a hin of olive oil.
[Also take] five hundred [shekels] of cassia based on the shekel value of the Holy [Sanctuary], and a hin of olive oil.
Rashi
וקדה. שם שורש עשב, ובלשון חכמים קציעה:
Cassia. It is the name of a root of an herb which, in the language of the Sages, is ketzia
הין. י"ב לוגין, ונחלקו בו חכמי ישראל, ר' מאיר אומר, בו שלקו את העקרין, אמר לו ר' יהודה, והלא לסוך את העקרין אינו סיפק, אלא שראום במים שלא יבלעו את השמן, ואחר כך הציף עליהם השמן, עד שקלט הריח וקפחו לשמן שעל העקרין:
Hin. The equivalent of twelve logs. The Sages of Yisrael disputed [the oil’s purpose]: Rabbi Meir said that the roots were boiled in it. Whereupon Rabbi Yehuda said to him: [But it is not so] for even to coat the roots this amount [of oil] would be insufficient! But [its purpose was this:] they soaked them (the roots) in water [so that being saturated with water] they would not absorb the oil, after which he poured the oil upon them [and kept it there] until it absorbed the aroma and then skimmed the oil off the roots.
וְעָשִׂיתָ אֹתוֹ שֶׁמֶן מִשְׁחַת־קֹדֶשׁ רֹקַח מִרְקַחַת מַעֲשֵׂה רֹקֵחַ שֶׁמֶן מִשְׁחַת־קֹדֶשׁ יִהְיֶֽה׃
Make it into sacred anointing oil, a blend made by a [perfume] blender. It shall be a sacred anointing oil.
Make it into sacred anointing oil, a blend made by a [perfume] blender. It shall be a sacred anointing oil.
Rashi
רוקח מרקחת. רוקח שם דבר הוא, והטעם מוכיח שהוא למעלה, והרי הוא כמו רקע, רגע, ואינו כמו רֹגַע הַיָּם (ישעיה נא, טו), וכמו רֹוקַע הָאָרֶץ (שם מב, ה), שהטעם למטה, וכל דבר המעורב בחבירו, עד שזה קופח מזה או ריח או טעם, קרוי מרקחת:
A blend made by a [perfume] blender. רֹקַח is a noun [and not a verb], and the accent’s being on the first syllable indicates this. It is the same as רֶקַח — “blended,” or רֶגַע — “a moment.” It is not the same as: רֹגַע הַיָּם — “he stirs up the sea;” or the same as: רֹקַע הָאָרֶץ — “who spreads out the land,” where the accent is on the last syllable. Anything mixed with another thing to the degree that one absorbs from the other either smell or taste is called מִרְקַחַת .
רקח מרקחת. רקח העשוי על ידי אומנות ותערובות:
רֹקַח מִרְקַחַת [therefore means] a blend made through skilled craftsmanship and mixing.
מעשה רוקח. שם האומן בדבר:
The work of a רוֹקֵחַ — the name of the craftsman in this field.
וּמָשַׁחְתָּ בוֹ אֶת־אֹהֶל מוֹעֵד וְאֵת אֲרוֹן הָעֵדֻֽת׃
Anoint with it the Tent of Meeting, and the Ark of the Testimony,
Anoint with it the Tent of Meeting, and the Ark of the Testimony,
Rashi
ומשחת בו. כל המשיחות כמין כ"ף יונית, חוץ משל מלכים שהן כמין נזר:
Anoint with it. All anointings were done in the form of the Greek chi except those of kings which are done in the form of a crown.
וְאֶת־הַשֻּׁלְחָן וְאֶת־כׇּל־כֵּלָיו וְאֶת־הַמְּנֹרָה וְאֶת־כֵּלֶיהָ וְאֵת מִזְבַּח הַקְּטֹֽרֶת׃
And the Table and all its vessels, and the Menorah and its vessels, and the Incense Altar,
And the Table and all its vessels, and the Menorah and its vessels, and the Incense Altar,
וְאֶת־מִזְבַּח הָעֹלָה וְאֶת־כׇּל־כֵּלָיו וְאֶת־הַכִּיֹּר וְאֶת־כַּנּֽוֹ׃
And the Burnt-offering Altar and all its vessels, and the wash basin and its base.
And the Burnt-offering Altar and all its vessels, and the wash basin and its base.
וְקִדַּשְׁתָּ אֹתָם וְהָיוּ קֹדֶשׁ קׇֽדָשִׁים כׇּל־הַנֹּגֵעַ בָּהֶם יִקְדָּֽשׁ׃
Sanctify them and they will become holy of holies. Anything that touches them will become holy.
Sanctify them and they will become holy of holies. Anything that touches them will become holy.
Rashi
וקדשת אותם. משיחה זו מקדשתם להיות קדש קדשים, ומה היא קדושתם, כל הנוגע וגו', כל הראוי לכלי שרת, משנכנס לתוכו קדוש קדושת הגוף, להפסל ביוצא, ולינה, וטבול יום, ואינו נפדה לצאת לחולין, אבל דבר שאינו ראוי להם אין מקדשין. ושנויה היא משנה שלימה אצל מזבח, מתוך שנאמר כֹּל הַנֹּגֵעַ בַּמִּזְבֵּחַ יִקְדָּשׁ (שמות כט, לז), שומע אני בין ראוי בין שאינו ראוי, תלמוד לומר כבשים, מה כבשים ראויים אף כל ראויים. כל משיחת משכן וכהנים ומלכים מתורגם לשון רבוי, לפי שאין צורך משיחתן אלא לגדולה, כי כן יסד המלך שזה חנוך גדולתן, ושאר משיחות, כמו רקיקין משוחין וְרֵאשִׁית שְׁמָנִים יִמְשָׁחוּ (עמוס ו, ו), לשון ארמית בהן כלשון עברית:
Sanctify them. It is this anointing which sanctifies them to become holy of holies. And what is the manifestation of their holiness? It is: “Anything that touches them, etc.” [This means:] anything that is fit for a sacred vessel, once it comes into it (i.e., the vessel) it becomes intrinsically holy, so that it will become unfit though יוֹצֵא, [i.e., if taken out of the courtyard of the mishkon] or לִינָה, [i.e., being left overnight off the altar], or [by coming in contact with] a טְבוּל יוֹם and cannot be redeemed so as to become secular. However, anything that is not fit for them they do not sanctify. This is stated as an undisputed Mishnah (i.e., a beraisa) concerning the altar. From that which is stated: “Whatever touches the altar becomes sanctified,” I might infer that this applies whether it is fit [for the altar] or whether it is not fit. The Torah, therefore, says [in the next verse]: “sheep” — just as sheep are fit [for the altar], so must everything be fit [to be sanctified by the altar]. Every anointing of the mishkon, kohanim and kings is translated by Onkelos as רִבּוּי — “elevating to a higher status” because the only purpose of anointing is to elevate to a higher status, for so did the King (God) establish that this [shall be the method] of installation to a higher status. However, other anointings, for example, רְקִיקִין מְשׁוּחִים (anointed wafers), or: “With the important oils shall they anoint (יִמְשָׁחוּ),” their Aramaic version is the same as the Hebrew.
וְאֶת־אַהֲרֹן וְאֶת־בָּנָיו תִּמְשָׁח וְקִדַּשְׁתָּ אֹתָם לְכַהֵן לִֽי׃
You shall also anoint Aharon and his sons, and sanctify them to serve Me as kohanim.”
You shall also anoint Aharon and his sons, and sanctify them to serve Me as kohanim.”
וְאֶל־בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל תְּדַבֵּר לֵאמֹר שֶׁמֶן מִשְׁחַת־קֹדֶשׁ יִהְיֶה זֶה לִי לְדֹרֹתֵיכֶֽם׃
Speak to the B’nei Yisrael, saying: “This shall be sacred anointing oil to Me for all your generations.
Speak to the B’nei Yisrael, saying: “This shall be sacred anointing oil to Me for all your generations.
Rashi
לדרתיכם. מכאן למדו רבותינו לומר שכולו קיים לעתיד לבא (הוריות יא:):
For all your generations. From this our Sages deduced that one can state that the entire [שֶׁמֶן הַמִּשְׁחָה] will be preserved for the time yet to come (i.e., after Moshiach comes).
זה. בגימטריא תריסר לוגין הוו:
This. The numerical value [of זֶה] [ז =7, ה =5] corresponds to the twelve logs [of the שֶׁמֶן הַמִּשְׁחָה].
עַל־בְּשַׂר אָדָם לֹא יִיסָךְ וּבְמַתְכֻּנְתּוֹ לֹא תַעֲשׂוּ כָּמֹהוּ קֹדֶשׁ הוּא קֹדֶשׁ יִהְיֶה לָכֶֽם׃
It must not be poured on the flesh of any man, and its formula must not be duplicated. It is sacred. It must be sacred to you.
It must not be poured on the flesh of any man, and its formula must not be duplicated. It is sacred. It must be sacred to you.
Rashi
לא ייסך. בשני יודי"ן, לשון לא יפעל, כמו לְמַעַן יִיטַב לָךְ (דברים ו, יח):
לֹא יִיסָךְ — spelled with two letters י' which takes the form: he (or, it) shall not be done, as in: “so that (יִיטַב) it will be well with you.”
על בשר אדם לא ייסך. מן השמן הזה עצמו:
It must not be poured on the flesh of any man — from this oil itself.
ובמתכנתו לא תעשו כמוהו. בסכום סממניו, לא תעשו אחר כמוהו במשקל סממנין הללו, לפי מדת הין שמן, אבל אם פחת או רבה סממנין לפי מדת הין שמן, מותר, ואף העשוי במתכונתו של זה, אין הסך ממנו חייב, אלא הרוקחו (כריתות ה.):
וּבְמַתְכֻּנְתּוֹ לֹא תַעֲשֹוּ כָּמֹהוּ . [Meaning:] with the quantity of each of its spices make no other like it, i.e., with the weight of these spices in proportion to the measure of a hin of oil. But if he decreased or increased the spices in proportion to the measure of a hin of oil, then it is permissible. However, even if it were made in the proportions of this one (i.e., the שֶׁמֶן הַמִּשְׁחָה), there is no transgression for one who applies it to himself, only for one who blends it [transgresses].
ובמתכנתו. לשון חשבון, כמו מתכנת הלבנים, וכן במתכונתה, של קטורת:
And its formula. A term meaning: “a particular quantity,” as in: “(מַתְכֹּנֶת) the quantity of bricks.” Similarly: בְמַתְכֻּנְתָּה — “in its particular quantity,” of the incense.
אִישׁ אֲשֶׁר יִרְקַח כָּמֹהוּ וַאֲשֶׁר יִתֵּן מִמֶּנּוּ עַל־זָר וְנִכְרַת מֵעַמָּֽיו׃ {ס}
If a person compounds a similar formula, or if he places from it upon an unauthorized person, he shall be cut off [spiritually] from his people.
If a person compounds a similar formula, or if he places from it upon an unauthorized person, he shall be cut off [spiritually] from his people.
Rashi
ואשר יתן ממנו. מאותו של משה:
Or if he places from it. [I.e.,] from the one which Moshe [blended].
על זר. שאינו צורך כהונה ומלכות:
Upon an unauthorized person. [I.e.,] when it is not for the need of the priesthood or kingdom (i.e., anointing a king).
בשמים ראש. חשובים:
The finest spices. [Meaning:] the finest.