Tanach
Shemot 34:27-35 שמות ל״ד:כ״ז-ל״ה
Part of: Ki TisaKi Tisa, Aliyah 7Chapter 34
Reading: Hebrew · Simple EnglishHebrew · Faithful translationHebrew onlyHebrew · Simple EnglishHebrew · Faithful translationHebrew onlySimple English onlyFaithful translation onlySide by sideRashi
וַיֹּאמֶר יְהֹוָה אֶל־מֹשֶׁה כְּתׇב־לְךָ אֶת־הַדְּבָרִים הָאֵלֶּה כִּי עַל־פִּי ׀ הַדְּבָרִים הָאֵלֶּה כָּרַתִּי אִתְּךָ בְּרִית וְאֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃
Adonoy said to Moshe, “Write these words down for yourself, for with these words I have made a covenant with you and with [the B’nei] Yisrael.”
Adonoy said to Moshe, “Write these words down for yourself, for with these words I have made a covenant with you and with [the B’nei] Yisrael.”
Rashi
וַֽיְהִי־שָׁם עִם־יְהֹוָה אַרְבָּעִים יוֹם וְאַרְבָּעִים לַיְלָה לֶחֶם לֹא אָכַל וּמַיִם לֹא שָׁתָה וַיִּכְתֹּב עַל־הַלֻּחֹת אֵת דִּבְרֵי הַבְּרִית עֲשֶׂרֶת הַדְּבָרִֽים׃
He [Moshe] remained there with Adonoy for forty days and forty nights. He did not eat bread nor drink water, and He wrote on the tablets the words of the covenant, the Ten Words [commandments.]
He [Moshe] remained there with Adonoy for forty days and forty nights. He did not eat bread nor drink water, and He wrote on the tablets the words of the covenant, the Ten Words [commandments.]
וַיְהִי בְּרֶדֶת מֹשֶׁה מֵהַר סִינַי וּשְׁנֵי לֻחֹת הָֽעֵדֻת בְּיַד־מֹשֶׁה בְּרִדְתּוֹ מִן־הָהָר וּמֹשֶׁה לֹֽא־יָדַע כִּי קָרַן עוֹר פָּנָיו בְּדַבְּרוֹ אִתּֽוֹ׃
And when Moshe came down from Mount Sinai, and the two Tablets of the Testimony were in Moshe’s hand when he came down from the Mountain. Moshe did not know that the skin of his face had become radiant when He [God] spoke to him.
And when Moshe came down from Mount Sinai, and the two Tablets of the Testimony were in Moshe’s hand when he came down from the Mountain. Moshe did not know that the skin of his face had become radiant when He [God] spoke to him.
Rashi
ויהי ברדת משה. כשהביא לוחות אחרונות ביום הכפורים:
And when Moshe came down. When he brought the Second Tablets on Yom Kippur.
כי קרן. לשון קרנים, שהאור מבהיק ובולט כמין קרן. ומהיכן זכה משה לקרני ההוד, רבותינו אמרו מן המערה, שנתן הקב"ה ידו על פניו, שנאמר וְשַׂכֹּתִי כַפִּי (שמות לג, כב):
That...had become radiant. קָרַן is a term having a common root with קַרְנַיִם (horns) because light shines out and projects as a sort of “horn.” From where was Moshe privileged to these rays of splendor? Our Sages say [that it was] from the cave where God put His Hand on his face, as it states: “And I will cover with My Hand.”
וַיַּרְא אַהֲרֹן וְכׇל־בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל אֶת־מֹשֶׁה וְהִנֵּה קָרַן עוֹר פָּנָיו וַיִּֽירְאוּ מִגֶּשֶׁת אֵלָֽיו׃
When Aharon and all the B’nei Yisrael saw Moshe, and beheld that the skin of his face had become radiant, they were afraid to come close to him.
When Aharon and all the B’nei Yisrael saw Moshe, and beheld that the skin of his face had become radiant, they were afraid to come close to him.
Rashi
וייראו מגשת אליו. בא וראה כמה גדולה כחה של עבירה, שעד שלא פשטו ידיהם בעבירה מהו אומר, וּמַרְאֵה כְּבֹוד ה' כְּאֵשׁ אֹכֶלֶת בְּראשׁ הָהָר לְעֵינֵי בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל (שמות כד, יז), ולא יראים ולא מזדעזעים, ומשעשו את העגל, אף מקרני הודו של משה היו מרתיעים ומזדעזעים:
They were afraid to come close to him. Come and see how great is the effect of sin! For before they stretched out their hands to commit sin (i.e., the Golden Calf) what is stated? “And the vision of the Glory of God was like a consuming fire at the top of the mountain before the eyes of the B’nei Yisrael,” and they had no fear nor trepidation. But once they made the Calf, even from the rays of Moshe they trembled and were frightened.
וַיִּקְרָא אֲלֵהֶם מֹשֶׁה וַיָּשֻׁבוּ אֵלָיו אַהֲרֹן וְכׇל־הַנְּשִׂאִים בָּעֵדָה וַיְדַבֵּר מֹשֶׁה אֲלֵהֶֽם׃
Moshe called to them and they returned to him—Aharon and all the leaders of the congregation—and Moshe spoke to them.
Moshe called to them and they returned to him—Aharon and all the leaders of the congregation—and Moshe spoke to them.
Rashi
הנשאים בעדה. כמו נשיאי העדה:
Leaders of the congregation — is the same as נְשִׂיאֵי הָעֵדָה — “the leaders of the Congregation.”
וידבר משה אליהם. שליחותו של מקום, ולשון הווה הוא כל הענין הזה:
And Moshe spoke to them — the message of God. Thus this entire subject is in the present (ongoing) tense.
וְאַחֲרֵי־כֵן נִגְּשׁוּ כׇּל־בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל וַיְצַוֵּם אֵת כׇּל־אֲשֶׁר דִּבֶּר יְהֹוָה אִתּוֹ בְּהַר סִינָֽי׃
After that, all the B’nei Yisrael came close [to him] and he commanded them [regarding] all that Adonoy had spoken with him on Mount Sinai.
After that, all the B’nei Yisrael came close [to him] and he commanded them [regarding] all that Adonoy had spoken with him on Mount Sinai.
Rashi
ואחרי כן נגשו. אחר שלמד לזקנים, חוזר ומלמד הפרשה או ההלכה לישראל. תנו רבנן, כיצד סדר המשנה, משה היה לומד מפי הגבורה, נכנס אהרן, שנה לו משה פרקו, נסתלק אהרן וישב לו לשמאל משה, נכנסו בניו, שנה להם משה פרקם, נסתלקו הם, ישב אלעזר לימין משה ואיתמר לשמאל אהרן, נכנסו זקנים, שנה להם משה פרקם, נסתלקו זקנים ישבו לצדדין, נכנסו כל העם, שנה להם משה פרקם, נמצא ביד כל העם א', ביד הזקנים ב', ביד בני אהרן שלשה, ביד אהרן ארבעה וכו', כדאיתא בעירובין (נד:):
After that, they came close. [I.e.], after he taught the elders he would again teach that section or that law to all Yisrael. The Sages have taught: What was the order of the teaching of the Torah? Moshe would learn from the Almighty. Then Aharon would enter and Moshe would teach him his chapter. Aharon moved away and sat on Moshe’s left. Whereupon his (Aharon’s) sons would enter and Moshe would teach them their chapter. They then moved away and Elazar sat on Moshe’s right and Isamar on Aharon’s left. Whereupon the elders would enter and Moshe would teach them their chapter. The elders moved away and sat on the sides. Whereupon the entire people would enter and Moshe taught them their chapter. Consequently the lesson came into the possession of the people once into the possession of the elders, twice, into the possession of Aharon’s sons, thrice, and into the hands of Aharon, four times, etc., as it is all cited in Maseches Eiruvin.
וַיְכַל מֹשֶׁה מִדַּבֵּר אִתָּם וַיִּתֵּן עַל־פָּנָיו מַסְוֶֽה׃
When Moshe finished speaking with them, he placed a cover over his face.
When Moshe finished speaking with them, he placed a cover over his face.
Rashi
ויתן על פניו מסוה. כתרגומו בֵּית אַפֵּי, לשון ארמי הוא בגמרא סְוֵי לִבָּא (כתובות סב:), ועוד בכתובות (ס.), הוה קא מסוה לאפה, לשון הבטה, היה מסתכל בה, אף כאן מסוה, בגד הניתן כנגד הפרצוף ובית העינים, ולכבוד קרני ההוד שלא יזונו הכל מהם, היה נותן המסוה כנגדן, ונוטלו בשעה שהיה מדבר עם ישראל, ובשעה שהמקום נדבר עמו עד צאתו, ובצאתו יצא בלא מסוה:
He placed a cover over his face. [מַסְוֶה is] as Onkelos translates it: “a face cover”; it (מַסְוֶה) is an Aramaic word [meaning “to look”]. It is found in the Gemara: “Her heart (סְוִי) saw.” Also in Kesuvos (60a): הֲוָה קָא מַסְוֶה לְאַפָּהּ where it has the meaning of “looking,” i.e., he gazed at her. Here, too, מַסְוֶה refers to a cloth placed in front of the face and the area of the eyes. And out of respect to the “rays of splendor” so that they should not all become satiated by the sight, he would place the cover in front of them (his eyes). He would remove it when speaking to the Israelites and when God was speaking with him until he went out. And when he went out [to teach God’s words] he would go out without the cover —
וּבְבֹא מֹשֶׁה לִפְנֵי יְהֹוָה לְדַבֵּר אִתּוֹ יָסִיר אֶת־הַמַּסְוֶה עַד־צֵאתוֹ וְיָצָא וְדִבֶּר אֶל־בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל אֵת אֲשֶׁר יְצֻוֶּֽה׃
[But] when Moshe came before Adonoy, to speak to Him; he removed the cover until he was ready to leave. and he would then go out and speak to the B’nei Yisrael, [telling them] what he had been commanded.
[But] when Moshe came before Adonoy, to speak to Him; he removed the cover until he was ready to leave. and he would then go out and speak to the B’nei Yisrael, [telling them] what he had been commanded.
Rashi
ודבר אל בני ישראל. וראו קרני ההוד בפניו, וכשהוא מסתלק מהם:
and he would speak to the B’nei Yisrael — and they would see the “rays of splendor” in his face. And when he would leave them —
וְרָאוּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל אֶת־פְּנֵי מֹשֶׁה כִּי קָרַן עוֹר פְּנֵי מֹשֶׁה וְהֵשִׁיב מֹשֶׁה אֶת־הַמַּסְוֶה עַל־פָּנָיו עַד־בֹּאוֹ לְדַבֵּר אִתּֽוֹ׃ {ס}
The B’nei Yisrael saw Moshe’s face, that the skin of Moshe’s face had become radiant, and Moshe replaced the cover over his face until he would come in to speak to Him [Adonoy].
The B’nei Yisrael saw Moshe’s face, that the skin of Moshe’s face had become radiant, and Moshe replaced the cover over his face until he would come in to speak to Him [Adonoy].
Rashi
והשיב משה את המסוה על פניו עד בואו לדבר אתו. וכשבא לדבר אתו נוטלו מעל פניו:
Moshe would replace the cover over his face until he would come to speak to Him. And when he came to speak with Him he would remove it from his face.
את הדברים האלה. ולא אתה רשאי לכתוב תורה שבעל פה:
Write these words down for yourself. But you are not permitted to write down the oral Torah.