Tanach
Shir HaShirim 7 שיר השירים ז׳
Part of: Setumah, Song of Songs 6:11Setumah, Song of Songs 7:12
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שׁוּבִי שׁוּבִי הַשּׁוּלַמִּית שׁוּבִי שׁוּבִי וְנֶחֱזֶה־בָּךְ מַֽה־תֶּחֱזוּ בַּשּׁוּלַמִּית כִּמְחֹלַת הַֽמַּחֲנָֽיִם׃
Turn back, turn back [you] perfect one, turn back, turn back, that we may observe you; what can you see [offer] the perfect one that equals the encirclement of the camps?
Turn back, turn back [you] perfect one, turn back, turn back, that we may observe you; what can you see [offer] the perfect one that equals the encirclement of the camps?
Rashi
השולמית. השלימ' באמונתך עמו שובי שובי אלינו
Perfect one. You who are perfect1According to Rashi שולמית originates from the root שלם [=complete]. Alternatively, it refers to the residents of Yerushalayim, whose original name is שלם. See Targum in Bereishis 14:18. (Gra and Ibn Ezra) in your faith with Him, “turn back, turn back”2“Turn back” is mentioned four times in this verse, alluding to the four exiles, i.e., the four powers that subjugated the Bnei Yisroel. (Tzror Hamor) to us.
ונחז' בך. נציב ממך נציבים ושלטונים כמו ואתה תחזה מכל העם כך דרש רבי תנחומא, ד"א ונחזה בך נתבונן אליך מה גדולה ניתן לך והיא אומרת מה תחזו בשולמית מה גדולה אתם יכולים לפסוק לי שתהא שוה לגדולתי אפילו לגדולת דגלי מחולות מחנות המדבר:
That we may observe you. We will appoint [=וְנֶחֱזֶה from you governors and rulers, as in, “And you shall discern תֶּחֱזֶה from all the people.”3Shemos 18:21. So did Rabbi Tanchuma expound. Another explanation for “that we may observe וְנֶחֱזֶה you,” is that we will ponder what greatness to give you, but she says, “What can you offer the perfect one?” What greatness can you give me, that will equal my greatness, or even the greatness of the banners of the encircling מְחוֹלוֹת encampments4The Bnei Yisroel’s encampments [=מחנים] were in the form of circles [=מחולות] when they were in the wilderness. (Sforno) in the wilderness?
מַה־יָּפוּ פְעָמַיִךְ בַּנְּעָלִים בַּת־נָדִיב חַמּוּקֵי יְרֵכַיִךְ כְּמוֹ חֲלָאִים מַעֲשֵׂה יְדֵי אׇמָּֽן׃
How fair were your feet in sandals, O daughter of nobles; the roundness of your flanks, are like jewels, the work of a craftsman.
How fair were your feet in sandals, O daughter of nobles; the roundness of your flanks, are like jewels, the work of a craftsman.
Rashi
מה יפו פעמיך בנעלים. הם אומרים לה חפצים אנו שתדבקו בנו בשביל נוי וחשיבות שראינו בך בעודך ביפייך:
How fair were your feet in sandals. They say to her, “We want you to cleave to us because of the beauty and prominence that we saw in you when you were still beautiful.”5For Bnei Yisroel to be “beautiful” on Yom Kippur when there is a prohibition against wearing shoes, is not unusual. “How fair were your feet in sandals,” refers to the rest of the year, when people are faced with all sorts of temptations, and if their feet remain nonetheless “fair,” that is truly “beautiful” and praiseworthy. (Chasam Sofer)
מה יפו פעמיך. בעליית הרגלים בת נדיבים:
How fair were your feet. In the festive pilgrimages,6I.e., in your going up to Yerusholayim to celebrate the three festivals. “פעמיך” alluding to the “three times [פעמים] a year,” mentioned in Devarim 16:16, that pilgrimages were made. See Maseches Chagigah 3a. Alternatively, “פעמיך” refers to “feet” because at times [=פעמים] they are covered with shoes and at times they are bare. (Sefer Dudaim) O daughter of nobles!
חמוקי ירכיך כמו חלאים. קבוצת עדיי זהב קרויה חלי כתם אל חלי בלשון ערבי ורבותינו דרשו על נקבי השיתין של נסכים שנעשו מששת ימי בראשית עגולים כמו ירך כמו חלאים לשון חפירה כמו חוליות הבור:
The roundness of your flanks are like jewels. A collection of gold jewelry is called “חֲלִי כֶתֶם” [=jewels of gold], al chali in Arabic. Our Rabbis expounded that this term is referring to the drainage holes in the [altar’s] foundations for the libations, which existed since the six days of creation, and they are round like a thigh; “כְּמוֹ חֲלָאִים” is a term denoting digging, as in, “that which has been dug out חֻלְיַת of a pit.”7Maseches Eiruvin 78a.
מעשה ידי אמן. ידי הקב"ה, במסכת סוכה אמן כמו אומן של הקב"ה ישראל מקלסין אותו מלמעלה למטה מתחילין מראשו כתם פז ויורדין ובאין עד שוקיו עמוד שש לפי שהן באין לרצותו להוריד שכינתו מן העליונים לתחתונים והוא מונה קילוסם מלמטה למעלה מה יפו פעמיך הם הרגלים ומונה והולך עד ראשך עליך ככרמל עד שהוא בא למושכה אליו:
The work of a craftsman. The hands of the Holy One, Blessed Is He,8I.e., He fashioned these drainage holes. as explained in Maseches Sukkah.949a. אָמָּן is the same as אוּמָן [craftsman]. The praise of the Holy One, Blessed Is He, that the [Bnei] Yisroel praise Him [is] from top to bottom. They begin with, “His head is [like] finest gold,”10Above 5:11. and continuously descend to, “His legs are like pillars of marble,”11Above 5:15. because they come to appease Him, to draw down His Divine Presence from the heavenly abodes to the earthly abodes. But, He enumerates their praise from bottom to top, starting with, “How fair were your feet פְּעָמַיִךְ,” these are the feet, and He continues and enumerates until, “that which is upon your head is like Mount Carmel,”12Below 7:6. until He comes to draw them to Him.
שׇׁרְרֵךְ אַגַּן הַסַּהַר אַל־יֶחְסַר הַמָּזֶג בִּטְנֵךְ עֲרֵמַת חִטִּים סוּגָה בַּשּׁוֹשַׁנִּֽים׃
Your navel is like a round bowl, which lacks not for mixed wines; your stomach is like a heap of wheat, hedged about with roses.
Your navel is like a round bowl, which lacks not for mixed wines; your stomach is like a heap of wheat, hedged about with roses.
Rashi
שררך אגן הסהר. טיבורך אגן של מים צלולים שרוחצין בהן והוא עשוי מאבני שיש ובלשון ערבי קרוי סהר על שם שהטבור כמו נקב עגול מושלו כאגן עגול והקילוס הזה אינו מענין נוי אשה כקילוס העליון לפי שהעליון דוד' מקלס' וזה ריעותי' מקלסות אותה על שם מעשיה לומר הגונה את להתחבר עמנו והדוגמא על שם לשכת הגזית היושבת בטבור הארץ:
You navel is like a round bowl. Your navel is like a basin of clear water in which they bathe, and it is made of marble, which in Arabic it is called sahar. Because the navel is shaped like a round hole, [Scripture] compares it to a round basin.13Alternatively, Scripture compares its roundness to the shape of the moon. The Targum for ירח is סהרא, in Bereshis 37:9. (Metzudas Dovid and Metzudas Tzion) This praise is not in reference to a woman’s beauty as the above praise, because in the above, her beloved praises her, but here, her friends praise her about her deeds, saying, “you are worthy to join us.” And the allegory is: It refers to the Chamber of Hewn Stone, which is situated in the “navel” [i.e., center] of the world.14I.e., the Beis Hamikdosh. Sanhedrin who convened in this chamber were seated in a semi-circle, like the crescent moon, so they should be able to look at each other and communicate properly; see Maseches Sanhedrin 36b-37a.
אל יחסר המזג. לא יכלה משם משקה רוצה לומר לא יכלה ולא יפסוק משם שום דברי הוראה:
Which lacks not for mixed wines. Drink will not cease from there; i.e., there will neither fail nor cease from there any words of instruction.15From the Sanhedrin, for they are a never ending source of wisdom.
בטנך ערמת חטים. שהכל צריכין לה:
Your stomach is a heap of wheat. Which everyone needs.
סוגה בשושנים. גדורה ומסוייגת בגדר שושני' די לה בגדר קל ואין אחד מכם פורץ בו ליכנ' הרי חתן נכנס לחופה לבו מגעגעת לחופ' ולחיבת חתוניו בא ליזקק לה אמר' לו טיפת דם כחרדל ראיתי הרי הופך פניו לצד אחר ולא נשכו נחש ולא עקרב עוקצו הרי שהוא עובר בדרך ראה בכורות בראשי התאני' פשט ידו ליטול אומרים לו של ישראל הם הוא מושך ידו מפני הגזל הרי סוגה בשושנים:
Hedged about with roses. Fenced and hedged about with a fence of roses. A light fence suffices her [i.e., Yisroel], and no one breaches it to enter. For example, a bridegroom enters the wedding canopy, his heart longing for the wedding ceremony and for the love of his marriage. When he comes to have relations with her, she says to him, “I have seen a drop of blood like a mustard seed,” so he turns his face to the other side. [Now] no snake bit him, and no scorpion stung him. [Another example,] one is passing along the way and sees freshly ripened fruit at the top of the fig trees. As he stretches out his hand to take, they tell him, “These belong to owners,” and he too withdraws his hand because of theft. This is the meaning of “hedged about with roses.”16Alternatively, סוגה is in reference to the “fences” [=סיג] enacted by the Rabbis, i.e., the Rabbinic establishment of cautionary rules as a safeguard against the transgression of the laws of the Torah itself. (Metzudas Tzion)
שְׁנֵי שָׁדַיִךְ כִּשְׁנֵי עֳפָרִים תׇּאֳמֵי צְבִיָּֽה׃
Your two breasts are like two fawns, twins of a gazelle.
Your two breasts are like two fawns, twins of a gazelle.
Rashi
שני שדיך. שתי הלוחות, דבר אחר מלך וכהן גדול:
Your two breasts. The two Tablets. Another explanation, the king and the kohein gadol.17Alternatively, the two redeemers, Moshiach Ben Dovid and Moshiach Ben Ephrayim. (Targum)
צַוָּארֵךְ כְּמִגְדַּל הַשֵּׁן עֵינַיִךְ בְּרֵכוֹת בְּחֶשְׁבּוֹן עַל־שַׁעַר בַּת־רַבִּים אַפֵּךְ כְּמִגְדַּל הַלְּבָנוֹן צוֹפֶה פְּנֵי דַמָּֽשֶׂק׃
Your neck is like an ivory tower; your eyes are like pools in Cheshbon, at the gate of the populated city, your face is like a tower of Levanon looking out as far as Damascus.
Your neck is like an ivory tower; your eyes are like pools in Cheshbon, at the gate of the populated city, your face is like a tower of Levanon looking out as far as Damascus.
Rashi
צוארך. ההיכל והמזבח שהם זקופים וגבוהים ולשכת הגזית גם היא שם עשויה לחוזק ולמגן כמגדל השן:
Your neck. The Temple and the altar, which are erect and tall, and the Chamber of Hewn Stone,18The meeting place for the Sanhedrin. which is also there, made for strength and for a shield, “like an ivory tower.”
עיניך. כבריכות אשר בחשבון המושכות מים, כן עיניך על שער בת רבים חכמיך כשהם יושבים בשערי ירושלם העיר בת רבת עם ועסוקים בחשבון תקופות ומזלות חכמתם ובינתם לעיני העמים מושכות כבריכות מים, ועוד יש לפרש בריכות בחשבון כמו יונים, ולשון משנה הוא הלוקח יוני שובך מפריח בריכה ראשונה קובי"רש בלעז:
Your eyes. Are like pools in Cheshbon, through which water flows, so are your eyes by the gate of the multitudes. Your sages, when they sit at the gates of Yerusholayim, the city of multitudes, and are involved in the calculation חֶשְׁבּוֹן of the seasons and the signs of the constellations, their wisdom and understanding in the eyes of the nations flow like pools of water. Alternatively, “בְּרֵכוֹת בְּחֶשְׁבּוֹן” can be explained as “doves,” and this is the language of the Mishnah, “One who buys the doves of a dovecote, he must let the first brood בְּרִיכָה fly away,”19See Maseches Beitzah 10a. kovedes in O.F.
אפך כמגדל הלבנון. איני יכול לפרשו לשון חוטם לא לענין פשט ולא לענין דוגמא כי מה קילוס נוי יש בחוטם גדול וזקוף כמגדל ואומר אני אפך לשון פנים וזה שהוא אומר לשון יחיד ואינו אומר אפיך שעל המצח הוא מדבר שהוא עיקר הכרת פנים כענין שנאמר (ישעיה ג) הכרת פניהם ענתה בם ותדע שהרי מקלסה והולך מלמטה למעלה עיניך בריכות בחשבון ואחריהם המצח וכן האומות מקלסות (יחזקאל ג) מצחך חזק לעמת מצח כל הבאים להרעותך ולפתותך:
Your face is like a tower of Levanon. I cannot explain this אַפֵּךְ to mean a nose, neither with respect to the simple meaning nor in reference to its allegorical meaning, for what praise of beauty is there in a nose that is large and erect as a tower? Therefore, I say that “אַפֵּךְ” means a face, and the reason it is used in the singular form and does not state [the plural form], “אַפַּיִךְ,” is that it speaks of the forehead, which is the main distinguishing feature of the face, as the matter is stated, “The features of their faces testifies against them.”20Yeshayahu 3:9. And you could prove this, because he continuously praises them from bottom to top,21See Rashi in verse 2 above. [and] “Your eyes are like pools in Cheshbon,” [was already mentioned,] And so do the nations praise, “and your forehead is strong against”23A reference to the nose would therefore be out of sequence. the forehead of all who come to harm you and to entice you. Like a tower of Levanon,
כמגדל הלבנון צופה פני דמשק. ראיתי במדרש זה בית יער הלבנון שעשה שלמה שהעומד עליו צופה ומונה כמה בתים יש בדמשק, דבר אחר פניך צופות פני דמשק מצפות לבא שערי ירושלם עד דמשק שעתידה להרחיב עד דמשק:
looking out as far as Damascus. I saw in the Midrash that this is the house of the Levanon forest, which [King] Shlomo made. Whoever stands on it can look and count how many houses there are in Damascus. Another explanation, your face looks towards Damascus, [i.e.,] looks forward to the coming of the gates of Yerusholayim until Damascus, for it is destined to expand as far as Damascus.24Yechezkeil 3:8.
רֹאשֵׁךְ עָלַיִךְ כַּכַּרְמֶל וְדַלַּת רֹאשֵׁךְ כָּאַרְגָּמָן מֶלֶךְ אָסוּר בָּרְהָטִֽים׃
That which is upon your head is like Mount Carmel, and the braid of your head is like [royal] purple wool; your King is bound in its tresses.
That which is upon your head is like Mount Carmel, and the braid of your head is like [royal] purple wool; your King is bound in its tresses.
Rashi
ראשך עליך ככרמל. אלו תפילין שבראש שנאמר בהן (דברים כה) וראו כל עמי הארץ כי שם ה' נקרא עליך ויראו ממך הרי היא חוזקן ומוראן כסלע הרים וכרמל הוא ראש ההרים:
That which is upon your head is like Mount Carmel. These are the phylacteries of the head, about which it is stated, “And all the peoples of the world will see that the Name of Adonoy is proclaimed over you, and they will fear you.”25See Zecharyah 9:1. This is their strength and they are as awe inspiring as a cliff of the mountains, and Mount Carmel is the most prominent of the mountains.
ודלת ראשך. קליעת שערות נזירייך נאה במצותה כקליעת ארגמן:
And the braid of your head. The braided hair of your Nazirites are as beautiful with commandments as braided purple wool.
דלת ראשך. על שם שהקליעה מודלת על גובה הראש:
And the braid of your head. [It is called דַלַּת because the braid is lifted up [=מֻדְלֵת over the crown of the head.
מלך אסור ברהטים. שמו של מקום קשור בתלתלים שנאמר (במדבר ו) נזר אלהיו על ראשו:
Your King is bound in its tresses. The name of the Omnipresent is bound in the [Nazir’s] locks, as it is stated, “The crown of his God is upon his head.”26Devarim 28:10.
רהטים. קור"נץ בלעז כן קורין לתלתלי האזורות שקושרין בהן החגורות, ד"א מלך אסור ברהטים הק"בה נקשר באהבה במצות ובריצות שאתם רצים לפניו:
Tresses. Koranz in O.F. This is what they call the girding laces with which they tie the girdles. Another explanation [of], “Your King is bound in its tresses,” the Holy One, Blessed Is He, is bound with love to you through [your fulfillment of His] commandments, and through the swiftness [=רְהָטִים27Bamidbar 6:7. with which you run before Him.
מַה־יָּפִית וּמַה־נָּעַמְתְּ אַהֲבָה בַּתַּֽעֲנוּגִֽים׃
How beautiful and pleasant are you; a love with delights.
How beautiful and pleasant are you; a love with delights.
Rashi
מה יפית ומה נעמת. אחר שפרט קילוס כל אבר ואבר כלל כל דבר מה יפית כולך ומה נעמת לידבק בך אהבה ההוגנת להתענג בה:
How beautiful and pleasant are you. After having praised each limb in detail, Scripture includes everything [in one phrase], “How beautiful” in your entirety, “and [how] pleasant are you” to cleave to you with a love that is proper to delight in.
זֹאת קֽוֹמָתֵךְ דָּֽמְתָה לְתָמָר וְשָׁדַיִךְ לְאַשְׁכֹּלֽוֹת׃
Such is your stature, likened to a [stately] palm tree; and your breasts are like clusters.
Such is your stature, likened to a [stately] palm tree; and your breasts are like clusters.
Rashi
זאת קומתך דמתה לתמר. ראינו נוי קומתך בימי נבוכדנצר שכל האומות היו כורעות ונופלות לפני הצלם ואתה עומדת בקומה זקופה כתמר הזה:
Such is your stature, likened to a [stately] palm tree. We saw the beauty of your stature in the days of Nevuchadnetzar, when all the nations were kneeling and falling before the image,28See the last note in 1:17 above. but you stood as upright as this palm tree.
ושדיך לאשכלות. דניאל חנניה מישאל ועזריה שהיו לך כשדים לינק מהם דמו לאשכולו' שמשפיעות משק' כך הם השפיעו להניק וללמוד את הכל שאין יראה כיראתכם, עד כאן קלסוהו האומות מכאן ואילך דברי שכינה לגלות ישראל שבין האומות
And your breasts are like clusters. Daniyeil, Chananyah, Mishaeil, and Azaryah, who were for you like breasts to suck from. They were likened to clusters, which provide drink, so did they provide lavishly and teach everyone that there is no God like your God. Until this point, the nations praised him [i.e., Yisroel]. From here on, are the words of the Divine Presence addressing Yisroel’s exiles, who were among the nations.
אָמַרְתִּי אֶעֱלֶה בְתָמָר אֹֽחֲזָה בְּסַנְסִנָּיו וְיִֽהְיוּ־נָא שָׁדַיִךְ כְּאֶשְׁכְּלוֹת הַגֶּפֶן וְרֵיחַ אַפֵּךְ כַּתַּפּוּחִֽים׃
I said, I will ascend the palm tree, I will grasp its branches; and now, let your breasts remain like clusters of the vine, and the fragrance of your face like apples.
I said, I will ascend the palm tree, I will grasp its branches; and now, let your breasts remain like clusters of the vine, and the fragrance of your face like apples.
Rashi
אמרתי אעלה בתמר. מתפאר אני בין חיילות של מעלה בכם שאתעל' ואתקדש על ידיכם בתחתונים שתקדשו את שמי בין האומות:
I said, I will ascend the palm tree. I boast of you among the heavenly hosts, that I will be exalted and sanctified through your actions in the earthly abodes, when you will sanctify My Name among the nations.
אחזה בסנסניו. ואני אחוז ואדבק בכם, סנסנים ענפים:
I will grasp its branches. And I will grasp and cleave to you; “סַנְסִנִּים” are branches.
ויהיו נא שדיך. ועתה האמתי את דברי שלא תתפתי אחרי האומות ויהיו הטובים והחכמים שביך עומדים באמונתם להשיב דברים למפתים אותך שילמדו מהם הקטנים שבהם:
And now let your breasts.. And now, make true My words, that you will not be enticed to follow the nations, and may the good and wise among you be steadfast in their faith, to retort to those who entice them, so that the lesser ones among you will learn from them.
וְחִכֵּךְ כְּיֵין הַטּוֹב הוֹלֵךְ לְדוֹדִי לְמֵישָׁרִים דּוֹבֵב שִׂפְתֵי יְשֵׁנִֽים׃
And let your speech be like good wine; it flows for my beloved in sincerity, causing the lips of sleepers to murmur.
And let your speech be like good wine; it flows for my beloved in sincerity, causing the lips of sleepers to murmur.
Rashi
וחכך כיין הטוב. הזהרי בתשובותיך שיהיו כיין הטוב:
And let your speech be like good wine. Be cautious with your answers that they should be like the best wine.29See Daniyeil, chapter 3.
הולך לדודי למישרים. זהירה אני להשיב להם שאעמוד באמונתי שיהא חכי הולך לפני דודי לאהבת מישור שהוא מן הלב ולא ברמיה ועקיבה:
It flows for my beloved in sincerity. I am careful to answer them that I will remain steadfast in my faith, and my speech will go before my Beloved with sincere love, which comes from the heart, and not with deceit and guile.
כיין הטוב. שהוא דובב שפתי ישני' אף אבותי בקבר ישמחו בו ויודו על חלקם, דובב מרחיש פרומ"יר בלעז ויסודו לשון דיבור וכך היא התשובה אני לדודי וגם הוא משתוקק לי:
Like good wine. Which makes the lips of the sleeping murmur. Even my ancestors in the grave will rejoice with me and give thanks for their lot.30I.e., your answers should be clear and potent. “דּוֹבֵב” [means] causing to move, fromier in O.F. and its root, is an expression of speech. And this is the answer, “I am my Beloved’s and He longs for me.”31The comparison to wine is because the taste of wine remains in one’s mouth long after drinking it. The mere mention of the words of the departed sages, causes their lips to murmur in their graves. See Maseches Yevamos 97a and Rashi there.
אֲנִי לְדוֹדִי וְעָלַי תְּשׁוּקָתֽוֹ׃ {ס}
I am my beloved’s and he longs for me.
I am my beloved’s and he longs for me.
לְכָה דוֹדִי נֵצֵא הַשָּׂדֶה נָלִינָה בַּכְּפָרִֽים׃
Come, my beloved, let us go out to the field, let us lodge in the villages.
Come, my beloved, let us go out to the field, let us lodge in the villages.
Rashi
לכה דודי נצא השדה. דרשו רבותינו בעירובין אמרה כנסת ישראל רבונו של עולם אל תדינני כיושבי כרכים שיש בהם גזל ועריות אלא כיושבי פרזות שהם בעלי אומנות ועוסקין בתורה מתוך הדחק:
Come, my beloved, let us go out to the field. Our Rabbis expounded in [Maseches] Eruvin, that the congregation of Yisroel said, “Master of the Universe, do not judge me like dwellers of cities, where there is robbery and immorality, but32Below, verse 11. like the open village dwellers, who are craftsmen and are occupied in the study of Torah amidst hardship.”33Maseches Eruvin 21b.
נלינה בכפרים. נלינה בכופרים בא ואראך בני עשו שהשפעת להם טובה וכופרים בך
Let us lodge in the villages. Let us lodge among the disbelievers [=כּוֹפְרִים. Come and I will show You Eisav’s descendants, upon whom You have lavished prosperity, but who do not believe in You.34Sifsei Chachomim amends Rashi’s text to read...“but let us go out to the field and I will show You Torah scholars who are occupied in the study of Torah amidst hardship.” (Sifsei Chachomim)
נַשְׁכִּימָה לַכְּרָמִים נִרְאֶה אִם־פָּֽרְחָה הַגֶּפֶן פִּתַּח הַסְּמָדַר הֵנֵצוּ הָרִמּוֹנִים שָׁם אֶתֵּן אֶת־דֹּדַי לָֽךְ׃
Let us rise early for the vineyards, let us see if the vine has blossomed, if the tender grapes have appeared, if the pomegranates are in bloom; there I will give my love to you.
Let us rise early for the vineyards, let us see if the vine has blossomed, if the tender grapes have appeared, if the pomegranates are in bloom; there I will give my love to you.
Rashi
נשכימה לכרמים. אלו בתי כנסיות ובתי מדרשות:
Let us rise early for the vineyards. These are the synagogues and the study halls.
נראה אם פרחה הגפן. אלו בעלי מקרא:
Let us see if the vine has blossomed. These are those who are versed in Scripture.
פתח הסמדר. כשהפרח נופל והענבים ניכרים הוא פתוח הסמדר ולהם דימה בעלי משנה שהם קרובים ליהנות מהם בהוראת התורה:
If the tender grapes have appeared. When the blossom falls off and the grapes are discernible, that is the appearance of the tender grapes. And he compares those versed in the Mishnah to them, because they are nearer [than those versed in Scripture] to derive pleasure35Alternatively, let us eat manna. “בכפרים” is derived from כפר [=frost] which is the manna’s description, in Shemos 16:14. Free us from having to earn a living and we will dedicate ourselves to you. (Tzror Hamor) in the instruction of the Torah.
הנצו הרמונים. כשהם גמורים והנץ שסביבותיהן נופל, הנצו נופל נצו ולהם דימה בעלי תלמוד שהן בחכמה גמורה וראויין להורות:
If the pomegranates are in bloom. When they are ripe, and the flower around them falls off; “הֵנֵצוּ” means “its flower falls off.” He compares those versed in the Talmud to them, for they are at the level of maturity in [Torah] wisdom that is worthy to teach.
שם אתן את דודי. שם אראך את כבודי וגודלי שבח בני ובנותי:
There I will give my love. There I will show You my honor and glory of my sons and daughters.36Than those who are versed in Scripture.
הַֽדּוּדָאִים נָֽתְנוּ־רֵיחַ וְעַל־פְּתָחֵינוּ כׇּל־מְגָדִים חֲדָשִׁים גַּם־יְשָׁנִים דּוֹדִי צָפַנְתִּי לָֽךְ׃
The baskets emit fragrance, and at our door are all luscious fruits, both new and old; my beloved, I have kept them for you.
The baskets emit fragrance, and at our door are all luscious fruits, both new and old; my beloved, I have kept them for you.
Rashi
הדודאים נתנו ריח. דודאי התאנים הטובות והרעות כענין שנאמר (ירמיה כד) הראני ה' והנה שני דודאי תאנים וגו' הדוד האחד טובות וגו' והדוד השני תאנים רעות מאד אשר לא תאכלנה אלו פושעי ישראל עכשיו שניהם נתנו ריח כולם מבקשים פניך:
The baskets emit fragrance. The baskets of the good and the bad figs, as the matter is stated, “Adonoy showed me, and behold, two baskets of figs, etc. one basket of very good figs, etc., and the other basket of very bad figs, which were inedible.”37Maseches Eruvin 21b. These are the sinners of Yisroel. Now, both of them emit their fragrance; they all seek Your countenance.
ועל פתחינו כל מגדים. יש בידינו שכר מצות הרבה:
And at our door are all luscious fruits. In our possession there is the reward for fulfilling many commandments.
חדשים גם ישנים. שחדשו סופרים עם הישנים שכתבת עלי:
Both new and old. Those which the Sages innovated, as well as the old ones, which You wrote for me.
צפנתי לך. לשמך ולעבודתך צפנתים בלבי, ד"א צפנתי להראות לך שקיימתם:
I have kept them for you. For Your Name and for Your service I have kept them in my heart. Another explanation, I kept them to show You that I have fulfilled them.
שובי שובי השולמית. אומרים אלי שובי שובי מאחר המקום:
Turn back, turn back [you] perfect one. They say to me, “Turn back, turn back” from following the Omnipresent.